Life Of Organism Research Articles

Chlorophyll a Predictions in a Piedmont Lake in Upstate South Carolina Using Machine-Learning Approaches

Freshwater systems are often breeding grounds for harmful algal blooms (HABs), although they are more dominant in ponds and lakes due to the prevailing conditions in those bodies of water. Therefore, the monitoring, modeling, and management of HABs requires knowledge of the complex interrelationship between factors that influence HABs and their detrimental effect on the ecosystem. High concentrations of chlorophyll a are often used to measure algal blooms in bodies of water. Generally, water samples are collected from the field and the concentration of chlorophyll a is measured in a laboratory and compared to water quality standards in order to indicate the potential presence or absence of an algal bloom. While numerical water quality models can help answer some of the critical environmental conditions that affect HABs and their effective management, numerous model inputs, the uncertainty in model predictions, and the complexity of HABs ecosystems encourage the application of newly rising data-driven models. The current study utilized high-frequency water quality data and investigated machine-learning algorithms (random forest (RF) and artificial neural network (ANN)) to predict chlorophyll a concentrations in Boyd Millpond, a lake in Upstate South Carolina. The model performances were compared using root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and correlation coefficient. The water quality parameters used as inputs were pH, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, saturated dissolved oxygen, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and turbidity, while chlorophyll a was selected as the target variable. The results from this study showed that RF performed better than ANN. The error metrics observed using all parameters as input were RMSE, R2, and correlation with values 0.00013, 0.86, and 0.93, respectively, when testing the RF model and 0.00025, 0.74, and 0.86, respectively, during the testing stage of the ANN model. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was used for variable selection and identified pH and specific conductivity as essential parameters. The broader outcome of this research upon further field validation will enable the timely detection of HABs with chlorophyll a as a signal to instigate further tests and early warning for recreational activities and livestock protection and initiate countermeasures to safeguard the lives of aquatic organisms.

Estimation of hematological parameters in people exposed to environmental pollution in Thi-Qar Governorate

The environmental pollution developed a major problem in the world especially the third world countries with the fast improvement of industry, particularly those dependent on the (hydrocarbon products) industries as a fuel and its contaminated products as trace metals. This is considered as the biggest threat to the environment and human because, of its impact on human life and other organisms. this study was conducted to the measure Parameters of blood from the individuals exposed to pollution by heavy metal in the city of Nasiriyah, the center of Dhi Qar Governorate in southern Iraq. The study participants consisted of 120 and they were divided into three groups as follows 40 participants from Hawkers with age ranging 26-46 (Mean

ERRα: unraveling its role as a key player in cell migration.

Cell migration is essential throughout the life of multicellular organisms, and largely depends on the spatial and temporal regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell adhesion and signal transduction. Interestingly, Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) has been identified as a major regulator of cell migration in both physiological and pathological conditions. ERRα is an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors and displays many biological functions. ERRα is a global regulator of energy metabolism, and it is also highly involved in bone homeostasis, development, differentiation, immunity and cancer progression. Importantly, in some instances, the regulation of these biological processes relies on the ability to orchestrate cell movements. Therefore, this review describes how ERRα-mediated cell migration contributes not only to tissue homeostasis but also to tumorigenesis and metastasis, and highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which ERRα finely controls the cell migratory potential.

Learning Progression of Students’ Reasoning about Life Cycles

This study explored elementary students’ reasoning about the life cycles of various organisms, including insects and amphibians. The study took place in a private school in Lebanon with 24 fifth-grade students. Students participated in a life cycle unit with pre and post-written assessments about what they learned and interviews to help determine their reasoning about life cycles. Using our findings, we suggest a learning progression (LP) approach to guide students over time in their learning about life cycles and their importance for species persistence within an ecosystem. Two LPs were developed from this study: Reasoning about the cyclic nature of life and comparison of life cycle stages. Overall, students improved their understanding of the cyclical nature of life, but comparing organisms’ structures, stages, and life cycles proved to be more challenging. These LPs have direct implications for elementary instruction about life cycles, organisms, and species.

Simultaneous remediation of diesel-polluted soil and promoted ryegrass growth by non-thermal plasma pretreatment

The remediation of petroleum-polluted soil has garnered significant global attention. In this study, a pot-culture experiment was conducted to assess the feasibility of using non-thermal plasma (NTP) as an efficient and economic-friendly pretreatment method in the phytoremediation of diesel-polluted soil. The remediation effectiveness was evaluated via both the removal of diesel and the ryegrass growth. Specifically, at the 50th d of ryegrass growth, the increase of diesel removal efficiency with NTP pretreatment ranged from 16 % to 30 %. Moreover, both clean and diesel-polluted soils pretreated by NTP promoted the growth of ryegrass in shoot lengths and biomass especially after the 35th d. It was found that nitrate nitrogen fixed by NTP not only stimulated the nitrate reductase activities in leaves and promoted plant growth, but also was transformed to more ammonia nitrogen for organism life activity. Subsequent investigation proved that the related nitrogen-metabolism activities of microbes were enriched in rhizosphere soils with NTP pretreatment. Furthermore, NTP treatment increased the abundance of beneficial microbial communities in diesel soil rhizosphere on the 42nd d of growth period. In addition, changes in the proportions of soil dissolved organic matter indicated enhanced nutrient cycling in soils with NTP pretreatment. These promotional effects underscored the contribution of NTP pretreatment in rapidly detoxifying diesel-contaminated soil within 10 min and accelerated the establishment of ryegrass ecosystem. This study provides valuable insights into the role of nitrogen fixation and offers an efficient and promising advanced approach for the phytoremediation of diesel-polluted soil with NTP pretreatment.

Effects of propolis-containing nanofibers on corneal wound in rats

The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye and is constantly exposed to trauma due to its anatomical location. Propolis is a substance produced by honeybees by mixing the extracts they collect from plants with their secretions. Studies have shown that propolis contains essential biological active substances for the life of organisms, which enhance epithelialization and have strong analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. In our study, we created a corneal wound with a diameter of 3 mm using a corneal blade. In the experimentally induced corneal wound, no treated the first group, the second group was treated with nanofibers containing propolis produced by the electrospinning method, and the third group treated water-based topical propolis application. Topical propolis was applied once a day for 3 days, while nanofibers containing propolis were applied once following wound formation. Fluorescein staining was performed on the rats eyes every day throughout the study, and photographs were taken to measure the wound sizes. On the third day, the rats were euthanized under general anesthesia, and histopathological examination was performed on their corneas. In terms of bleeding, no significant difference was observed between the propolis and control groups, while a lower level of bleeding was detected in the nanopropolis group. Propolis and nanofibers containing propolis groups showed a significantly positive effect on wound healing compared to the control group.

Late-life shift in caloric intake affects fly metabolism and longevity

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in older adults and contributes to age-related decline. Caloric restriction (CR) alleviates obesity phenotypes and delays the onset of age-related changes. However, how late in life organisms benefit from switching from a high-(H) to a low-calorie (L) diet is unclear. We transferred male flies from a H to a L (HL) diet or vice versa (LH) at different times during life. Both shifts immediately change fly rate of aging even when applied late in life. HL shift rapidly reduces fly mortality rate to briefly lower rate than in flies on a constant L diet, and extends lifespan. Transcriptomic analysis uncovers that flies aged on H diet have acquired increased stress response, which may have temporal advantage over flies aged on L diet and leads to rapid decrease in mortality rate after HL switch. Conversely, a LH shift increases mortality rate, which is temporarily higher than in flies aged on a H diet, and shortens lifespan. Unexpectedly, more abundant transcriptomic changes accompanied LH shift, including increase in ribosome biogenesis, stress response and growth. These changes reflect protection from sudden release of ROS, energy storage, and use of energy to growth, which all likely contribute to higher mortality rate. As the beneficial effects of CR on physiology and lifespan are conserved across many organisms, our study provides framework to study underlying mechanisms of CR interventions that counteract the detrimental effects of H diets and reduce rate of aging even when initiated later in life.

Macroalgae diversity and its relationship with environmental conditions in polluted waters of Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Abstract. Handayani S, Widhiono I, Widyartini DS. 2023. Macroalgae diversity and its relationship with environmental conditions in polluted waters of Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6291-6298. Macroalgae are one of the important marine primary producers because they support the life of other organisms at a higher trophic level in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the species diversity and composition of macroalgae and its relationship with local aquatic environmental conditions. This research was conducted in Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, and consisted of Pramuka Island, Semak Daun Island, Kotok Besar Island, Karang Bongkok Island, Kongsi Island, and Pari Island as sampling sites. This research used the transect method with quadratic sampling and the data was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Dominance Index, and Evenness. Diversity parameter calculations were carried out using PAST4.0 software. The relationship between diversity and water quality was analyzed using PCA software. Across the six sampling sites, there were 41 species of macroalgae belonging to 3 divisions, namely Chlorophyta (19 species), Phaeophyta/Ochrophyta (10 species), and Rhodophyta (12 species). The species richness among islands showed that Karang Bongkok Island had the highest species with 28 species and the lowest was Semak Daun Island and Kongsi Island with only 15 species. The Diversity Index was the highest in Karang Bongkok Island with 2.679 and the lowest was in Kongsi Island with 1.907. The species with the largest number of individuals were Halimeda macroloba with 930 individuals, followed by Sargassum binderi with 648 individuals, and Corallina officinalis. with 257 individuals. The diversity of macroalgae species on the six islands is classified as moderate and can be used as an indicator of marine ecosystems. Physicochemical parameters that affect macroalgae diversity in the Seribu Islands waters are temperature, depth, currents, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Cu, and Phosphate. The finding of this study implies that despite the high pollution in Seribu Islands waters, it is still good for the growth of macroalgae.

On the Shoulders of Giants-Reaching for Nitrogenase.

Only a single enzyme system-nitrogenase-carries out the conversion of atmospheric N2 into bioavailable ammonium, an essential prerequisite for all organismic life. The reduction of this inert substrate at ambient conditions poses unique catalytic challenges that strain our mechanistic understanding even after decades of intense research. Structural biology has added its part to this greater tapestry, and in this review, I provide a personal (and highly biased) summary of the parts of the story to which I had the privilege to contribute. It focuses on the crystallographic analysis of the three isoforms of nitrogenases at high resolution and the binding of ligands and inhibitors to the active-site cofactors of the enzyme. In conjunction with the wealth of available biochemical, biophysical, and spectroscopic data on the protein, this has led us to a mechanistic hypothesis based on an elementary mechanism of repetitive hydride formation and insertion.

ON THE QUESTION OF DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF ‘ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE CITY’

The article highlights the problem of the absence of a holistic concept that could fully characterise the city. The idea of studying the city as a whole organism is not new. However, urban theories usually reveal one or several aspects, and the rest remain neglected. We used the historical-genetic and systematic methods of research and considered a few city-planning and urbanistic theories in development, showing which aspects of city life they illuminate and which remain undefined. So, we analysed the chronology of stages of the development of urban planning and drew a parallel with the sequence of the emergence of architecture, urban-planning, and urban theories. Theories demonstrating the evolution of theoretical thought from the twentieth century to the present are considered to determine the problems. Therefore, the research begins with the emergence of the concept of ‘garden city’ by E. Howard, includes the study of the formation of the concepts of districts and neighbourhoods, then the change in the concept of urban planning to urbanism, the invention of the concept of the urban environment by Glazychev, and ends with modern research on this issue. The analysis of the existing theories showed that all the proposed ones do not have a comprehensive overview and study one or several aspects without taking into account others. We identified seven core aspects of the architectural landscape of the city: geological-geographical, historical-cultural, semantic, functional, scenario, phenomenological, and social. The concept of architectural landscape combines all the listed above aspects of the study of the city. We are considering that the combination of the main aspects will avoid incompleteness and fragmentation of its understanding and will allow us to see and develop a comprehension of the life of the urban organism. Therefore, this article proposes to introduce a new concept of the architectural landscape of the city that, by forming a holistic view, would help to fill in the blank spots in modern urban theory. Keywords: theory of architecture, urbanism, theory of urban planning, architectural landscape, urban environment.

The RNA landscape of Dunaliella salina in response to short-term salt stress.

Using the halotolerant green microalgae Dunaliella salina as a model organism has special merits, such as a wide range of salt tolerance, unicellular organism, and simple life cycle and growth conditions. These unique characteristics make it suitable for salt stress study. In order to provide an overview of the response of Dunaliella salina to salt stress and hopefully to reveal evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of photosynthetic organisms in response to salt stress, the transcriptomes and the genome of the algae were sequenced by the second and the third-generation sequencing technologies, then the transcriptomes under salt stress were compared to the transcriptomes under non-salt stress with the newly sequenced genome as the reference genome. The major cellular biological processes that being regulated in response to salt stress, include transcription, protein synthesis, protein degradation, protein folding, protein modification, protein transport, cellular component organization, cell redox homeostasis, DNA repair, glycerol synthesis, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and ion homeostasis. This study gives a comprehensive overview of how Dunaliella salina responses to salt stress at transcriptomic level, especially characterized by the nearly ubiquitous up-regulation of the genes involving in protein folding, DNA repair, and cell redox homeostasis, which may confer the algae important mechanisms to survive under salt stress. The three fundamental biological processes, which face huge challenges under salt stress, are ignored by most scientists and are worth further deep study to provide useful information for breeding economic important plants competent in tolerating salt stress, other than only depending on the commonly acknowledged osmotic balance and ion homeostasis.

Combined toxic effects of nanoplastics and norfloxacin on antioxidant and immune genes in mussels

Nanoplastics (NPs) and antibiotics (ABs) are two of the emerging marine contaminants that have drawn the most attention in recent years. Given the necessity of figuring out the effects of plastic and antibiotic contamination on marine organism life and population in the natural environment, it is essential to apply rapid and effective biological indicators to evaluate their comprehensive toxic effects. In this study, using mussel (Mytilus coruscus) as a model, we investigated the combined toxic effects of NP (80 nm polystyrene beads) and AB (Norfloxacin, NOR) at environmental-relevant concentrations on antioxidant and immune genes. In terms of the antioxidant genes, NPs significantly increased the relative expression of Cytochrome P450 3A-1 (CYP3A-1) under various concentrations of NOR conditions, but they only significantly increased the relative expression of CYP3A-2 in the high concentration (500 μg L−1 NOR) co-exposure group. In the NP-exposure group which exposed to no or low concentrations of NOR, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was upregulated. In terms of the immune genes, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) -1 showed a significant increase in the low-concentration NOR group while a significant inhibition in the high-concentration NOR group. Due to the presence of NPs, exposure to NOR resulted in a significant increase in both IRAK-4 and heat shock protein (HSP) 70. Our findings indicate that polystyrene NPs can exacerbate the effects of NOR on the anti-oxidant and immune defense performance of mussels. This study delves into the toxic effects of NPs and ABs from a molecular perspective. Given the expected increase in environmental pollution due to NPs and ABs, future research is needed to investigate the potential synergistic effect of NPs and ABs on other organisms.

Major clinical evidence of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on skin health: a systematic review

Introduction: Combined skin diseases represent the fourth leading cause of non-fatal disability worldwide. In 2013, it was estimated that skin diseases represented almost 2.0% of the total global burden of disease. Different fasting models have been studied in an attempt to understand the effect of fasting on skin structure and function. Objective: It was to present the main scientific evidence of the effects of calorie restrictions and intermittent fasting on skin health. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from July to September 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 119 articles were found, and 26 articles were evaluated in full, and 23 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 22 studies with a high risk of bias and 26 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=64.7%>50%. It was concluded that although calorie restriction is the most effective intervention to prolong the life of organisms and prevent age-related diseases, its effects on aging and skin diseases can be significant. Dietary lifestyles can affect epithelial lineages such as the skin and intestine. The impact of Ramadan fasting on skin health can be compared with the effect of other types of fasting, including periodic dieting, calorie restriction, dietary restriction, dietary manipulation, and intermittent, short-term, and prolonged fasting. However, despite the scarcity of studies on the topic, no serious health risks have been reported and, therefore, patients who wish to fast should be warned about the importance of continuing their treatment and the administration of transdermal/topical medications.

Physical Mechanisms Influencing Life Origin and Development. Physical–Biochemical Paradigm of Life

The present view of biological phenomena is based on a biochemical paradigm that the development of living organisms is defined by information stored in a molecular form as some genetic code. However, new facts and discoveries indicate that biological phenomena cannot be confined to a biochemical realm alone, but are also influenced by physical mechanisms. One such discovered mechanism works at cellular, organ and whole organism spatial levels. It imposes uniquely defined constraints on the distribution of nutrients between biomass synthesis and maintenance of existing biomass. The relative (to the total consumed nutrients) amount of produced biomass, which decreases during the growth, accordingly changes the composition of biochemical reactions and secures their irreversibility during the organismal life cycle. Mathematically, this growth mechanism is represented by a growth equation. Using this equation, we introduce growth models for unicellular organisms Amoeba, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus, show their adequacy to experimental data, and present two types of possible division mechanisms. Also, on the basis of the growth equation, we find different metabolic characteristics of these organisms. For instance, it was shown that in logarithmic coordinates the values of their metabolic allometric exponents are located on a straight line. This fact has important implications with regard to evolutionary process of organisms within a food chain, considered as a single system. High adequateness of obtained results to experimental data, from different perspectives, as well as excellent compliance with previously proven more particular knowledge, and with general criteria for validation of scientific truths, proves the validity of the introduced growth equation and of the discovered growth mechanism (which has all indications to be a real physical mechanism presenting in Nature). Taken together, the obtained results set solid grounds for the introduction of a more comprehensive physical–biochemical paradigm of Life origin, development and evolution.

Condition of Coral Diversity in Kuta Mandalika Coastal, Central Lombok Regency

Development and operational activities in KEK Mandalika can increase sedimentation of waters caused by erosion of construction material activities, this have an impact on coral reef ecosystems. Coral reef ecosystems have several important roles in support life of various aquatic organisms, Damage to the coral reef ecosystem directly and indirectly, sooner or later will threaten the sustainability of the use of these resources (social economy) and the safety of the community. Observations were conducted in KEK Mandalika coastal at 6 observation points less than 10 m. The results showed that the highest percentage of live coral cover was found in Kuta Mandalika coastal at PIT 4 area (30%, damaged category, moderate status). While the lowest percentage of coverage was at PIT 5, which was 2% (damaged category, bad status). Overall the percentage of coral cover in the Kuta Mandalika area is included in the damaged category. One of the reasons is because at the lowest tide on the beach, the volume of water is very small so that many hard corals are exposed to solar radiation. This limits the types of hard corals that can grow in the intertidal zone of Mandalika coastal. Genus diversity at this location is low, ranging from 0.0782 to 0.1288. Several genera of the Nephtheidae family dominate the observation sites and form colonies of the same genus with a fairly large distribution. The average value of environmental parameter measurements in the Mandalika coastal is included in the good category for soft coral habitat and growth.

Evidence of motor intentions in plants: A kinematical study.

"How" an action is performed is not solely determined by biomechanical constraints, but it depends on the agent's intention, that is, "why" the action is performed. Recent findings suggest that intentions can be specified at a tangible and quantifiable level in the kinematics of movements; that is, different motor intentions translate into different kinematic patterns. In the present study, we used 3D kinematical analysis to investigate whether the organization of climbing plants' approach-to-grasp action is sensitive to the kind of intention driving their movement toward potential support, namely individual or social. For the individual condition, a plant in isolation acted upon the support. For the social condition, two plants were located in the same pot opposite to each other with a support in the middle. Results indicate differences in kinematics depending on the context within which the plant is acting. In the presence of neighbors, climbing plants are able to modify their behaviors to maximize their long-term gains, including the grasping of a potential support. Overall, these data suggest that the organization of climbing plants' kinematics is sensitive to the "intention" driving their movement toward a potential support. To discuss this phenomenon, we capitalize on the concept of motor intentionality in plants and on available theories concerned to motor cognition. We suggest how they could be revisited to explain the intentionality component inherent in plant life and other brainless organisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Diversity and Abundance of Epiphytic Diatoms on Seagrass Leaves (Enhalus acoroides) in Poncan Gadang Island Sibolga City, North Sumatra

The seagrass ecosystem is one of the marine ecosystems that has an important role, namely as a source of life for organisms in the sea. Diatoms are microalgae widely distributed throughout the aquatic environment and are even found in plants, including seagrass leaves. Diatoms greatly influence life in the waters because they play an essential role as a food source for various marine organisms and play a role in the transfer of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate. This research was conducted in February 2023 on Poncan Gadang Island, Sibolga City, North Sumatra. The study aims to determine the density, relative abundance, abundance, and diversity of epiphytic diatom species on seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) leaves in Poncan Gadang Island. The method used is the survey method, using three stations to take samples. The determination of 3 stations is based on the density of the seagrass beds ecosystem. Sampling of diatoms was carried out by brushing the surface of seagrass leaves about 5x2 cm on the front and back of the leaves. The samples obtained were then analyzed in the laboratory. There were 12 types of diatoms found, consisting of Cocconeis sp., Rhizosolenia sp., Biddulphia sp., Amphipluera sp., Thalassiotrix sp., Nitzchia sp., Synedra sp., Melosira sp., Pleurogosigma sp., Skeletonema sp., Licmiphora sp., and Thalassionema sp. the average value of epiphytic diatom abundance in seagrass leaves ranged from 2160.85 – 4649.94 ind/cm². The epiphytic diatom diversity (H') values ranged from 2.53 to 2.72

Sublethal Toxicity Effects of the Organochlorine Insecticide Endosulfan on Oxygen Consumption Level and Gill Histopathology of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Fry

The uncontrolled use of organochlorine insecticides in the agricultural sector has an impact on water pollution and threatens the lives of organisms in it. Pollutants can reduce water quality and interfere with the performance of fish organ systems, triggering stress and even death. The purpose of the study was to determine the sublethal effects of the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan on the level of oxygen consumption and histopathology of tilapia seed gills. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Airlangga, from March to May 2021. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method. The treatment used was exposure to organochlorine endosulfan doses of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% with LC50-96 hours, which was observed for 28 days. Oxygen consumption data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance, followed by DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). While gill histopathology data were analyzed descriptively by comparing normal and abnormal gill histopathology. The results showed that the sublethal toxicity of the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the level of oxygen consumption and had an impact on the histopathological condition of the tilapia seed gills. The types of gill damage found were oedema, hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, hemorrhage, and necrosis.

Change in Hydro- Chemical Properties and Water Quality of a Lentic Ecosystems: Baghdad Touristic Island Lake

Protecting a lentic ecosystem became important during acute water scarcity and global warming worldwide, particularly in Iraq. The study investigated the change in hydro-chemical properties and water quality index (WQI) of Baghdad Touristic Island Lake as a lentic ecosystem during the change in Iraqi climate. Three sites were selected in the lake to study the hydro-chemical properties and its water quality. Lake water is alkaline, very hard, good aeration and oligotrophic. Results recorded alteration in water properties in some parameters while other was within presumable values. WQI results revealed the alteration in water quality and ranged between poor- and marginal criteria for protecting the organism's life. Therefore, it needs to enhance the lake management and keep it within oligotrophic states to prevent eutrophication and support the lake's survival for tourism. Keywords: Water Quality, Lentic Ecosystems, pollution

Metabolites in aging and aging-relevant diseases: Frailty, sarcopenia and cognitive decline.

Aging shows biologically complex features with high individual variability, which reflects the exposure to several stimuli and the adaptation to them. Among them, metabolic changes are well observed as consequences or possible causes of aging. Calorie restriction extends organismal life span in experimental models. Several metabolites; for example, resveratrol or nicotinamide mononucleotide, are reported to mimic calorie restriction effects in vivo. Metabolomic research would be useful to evaluate metabolites as biomarkers in aging-relevant events and to identify metabolic regulation of aging. We recently developed the metabolomic approach for whole blood analysis, which functions as strong tool for this purpose. We review the update findings in aging-relevant metabolites detected by this method. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 44-48.