Organizational Citizenship Behavior Research Articles

Forms of Calling and Helping Behaviors at Work: Psychological Entitlement and Moral Duty as Mediators

Even though calling researchers have identified two major forms of calling, namely modern and neoclassical, existing studies do not agree on whether these two forms are consistent or different in their mechanisms and outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether modern and neoclassical calling are both indirectly related to unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through the mediating roles of psychological entitlement and moral duty. Additionally, this study also aimed to investigate whether psychological entitlement functions as a mediator greater in magnitude for modern calling, whereas moral duty functions as a mediator greater in magnitude for neoclassical calling. Results from 463 employees in South Korea from two time points at 1 month interval revealed that both modern and neoclassical calling were indirectly positively related to UPB through psychological entitlement and indirectly positively related to OCB through moral duty. There was insufficient evidence to support the notion that the mediators would be different in magnitude based on the form of calling. Thus, this study demonstrates the double-edged nature of calling in relation to OCB and UPB. Additionally, it suggests that the outcomes of employees’ calling at work may depend more on the strength rather than the form of their calling. The implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Learning goal orientation, empowering leadership and participative decisionmaking as predictors of expatriates’ postpandemic job performance

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between learning goal orientation, empowering leadership, participative decision-making and organizational citizen behavior and its effect on post-pandemic job performance within the expatriate UAE community. Design/methodology/approach The study proposes a theoretical model based on responses from survey data collected from 314 expatriates working in private sector organizations in Dubai, UAE. Findings The findings indicate that both learning goal orientation and participative decision-making have a significantly positive direct relationship with organizational citizenship. Furthermore, organizational citizenship is demonstrated to have a significant positive impact on job performance. However, the study reveals that there is no significant relationship between empowering leadership and organizational citizenship. Originality/value This study adds to extant expatriate management theory relating to international business by examining the effects that organizational citizenship behavior, learning goal orientation, empowering leadership and participative decision-making have on expatriates’ job performance.

Eye of the beholder: A meta-analysis of personality traits' relationships with psychological contract breach and job performance

Psychological contract breach (PCB) is a subjective perception that one's employer has failed to live up to promised obligations. Because PCB is subjective, personality traits should play an important role. However, existing research on the relationships between personality traits and PCB is scattered and explores a variety of subsets of personality traits, with little agreement on which traits are most important to PCB. Thus, we focus on personality traits selected based on insights from a reneging-incongruence framework suggesting that personality traits will be important to the degree that they influence the likelihood that employees are targeted for a “real” PCB (i.e., reneging) or bias their perspective of their PCB (i.e., incongruence). Further, drawing from social exchange theory, we examined PCB as a mechanism by which personality traits relate to job performance. Meta-analytic results indicated that the multiple correlation between personality traits and PCB was R = 0.34, and they continued to account for variance in PCB beyond social exchange quality. Emotional stability and equity sensitivity were the strongest predictors of PCB. Results also demonstrated that PCB mediates the relationships equity sensitivity and emotional stability have with task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and counterproductive work behavior, even controlling for job satisfaction as an alternative mediator.

Pengaruh Komitmen Afektif terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) pada Karyawan di Samarinda

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a voluntary behavior that is visible and observable that is based on dominant motives or values and can be based on rewards and punishments that come from external sources. One of the factors that influences Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is affective commitment. This study aims to examine the Effect of Affective Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on employees in Samarinda. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. The data collection technique uses a Likert scale with a questionnaire distributed via Google Form to 100 respondents online. This study uses two scales, namely the Affective Commitment scale and the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) scale. Data analysis uses simple linear regression using Statistical Product and Service (SPSS) with significance values of .001 (p .005), which indicates a significant influence. The coefficient of determination (R²) of .710 or 71% indicates that affective commitment has an influence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on employees in Samarinda.

Moderating Role of Tenure in an Organization and Work Engagement on Organization Citizenship Behaviour and Task Performance

In this study we explore moderating role of tenure in an organization and work engagement on organization citizenship behaviour and task performance among employees in top 10 IT companies in Bangalore as catalogued by the National Stock Exchange of India. Primary data were collected via an online survey administered to 224 employees between April and September 2022. Utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling, the analysis reveals that while extended tenure fosters deeper role comprehension and stronger interpersonal bonds its impact on task performance is minimal and its effect on organization citizenship behaviour is negligible. The study underscores the importance of supportive work environment and calls for future research on industry-specific factors that could further shape the dynamics of tenure and engagement.

Predictors of organizational citizenship behavior among government personnel: A structural equation modeling approach

The study aimed to develop a causal paradigm of organizational citizenship behavior among government personnel in the SOCCSKSARGEN Region. 400 employees were selected through stratified balanced sampling. Data were collected using survey questionnaires and analyzed through the mean, Pearson r, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. The study determined that quality of work life, employee silence, and political skill statistically correlate with organizational citizenship behavior. The study inferred the predictive capacity of the exogenous latent variables in influencing the organizational citizenship behavior of LGU employees. There were five generated models of organizational citizenship behavior, and model five was determined as the best-fit structural model. The model retained five quality indicators of work life, namely compensation and rewards, training and development, relationships and cooperation, organizational culture and climate, and work environment. Prosocial silence and acquiescent silence remained as indicators of employee silence. Political skill was narrowed to three indicators, comprising social astuteness, interpersonal influence, and networking ability. Finally, altruism and civic virtue emerged as the strongest indicators of organizational citizenship behavior.

Pengaruh iklim organisasi terhadap organizational citizenship behavior pada karyawan

The organizational climate in a company plays an important role in the formation and improvement of OCB in employees. Having OCB in employees will benefit the organization or company. For companies, OCB can function to help new employees adapt to their positions as quickly as possible, and help teams to solve complex problems. For employees, this can increase their sense of self-efficacy, personal reputation, and job satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to determine and prove the influence of organizational climate on OCB in employees. This research uses a non-experimental quantitative approach, with a correlational research design. This study used a probability sampling technique with simple random with a total of 236 respondents. The research instruments used were the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale and The Organizational Climate Questionnaire (OCQ). Data analysis uses simple linear regression analysis. The research results show a positive influence between organizational climate on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. This means that the higher the organizational climate experienced by employees, the higher the OCB displayed by employees.

Fairness matters for change: A multilevel study on organizational change fairness, proactive motivation, and change-oriented OCB.

The success of organizational change often hinges on the perception of fairness within a change unit. This group-level organizational change fairness is crucial for enhancing proactive motivation states and fostering positive change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Rooted in the proactive motivation model, this study establishes a comprehensive multilevel framework to investigate the influence of group-level organizational change fairness on employees' change-oriented OCB. It explores the mediating role of three proactive motivational states and the moderating impact of perceived change impact. Analyzing data collected from 597 employees within 107 teams across 43 Chinese companies, our findings indicate that group-level perceived organizational change fairness significantly predicts employees' change-oriented OCB through organizational change self-efficacy, involvement, and positive emotional experiences. Furthermore, the study reveals that group-level perceived change impact moderates the relationship between group-level fairness perception and both change self-efficacy and positive emotional experiences, with stronger associations observed under conditions of low perceived change impact. These insights notably advance our understanding of the cross-level determinants influencing change-oriented OCB through perceived fairness and proactive motivation. Managers should focus on developing fairness perceptions to stimulate OCB by fostering employees' proactive motivation states, particularly during low-impact organizational changes. Our findings provide valuable implications for organizational change management practices.

Cultivating inclusive leadership: a catalyst for enhanced organizational citizenship

Purpose The present manuscript aims to develop and validate a theoretical model capable of explaining that organizational citizenship behavior is influenced by the extent to which employees feel valued, accepted and considered integral to the organizational fabric. To do this, the authors draw on social identity theory, according to which the level of identification of a person with a group or organization is not fixed but situational and context-dependent. Design/methodology/approach To validate the theoretical model, the authors surveyed the employees of eight large-scale distribution companies operating in Italy. Overall, the authors received completed data from 2,010 employees. Findings The authors theorize and demonstrate that the presence of an inclusive corporate climate positively influences employees’ perceptions of work inclusion and that this latter, in turn, positively affects organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, they show that the indirect effect of an inclusive corporate climate on organizational citizenship behavior becomes stronger when inclusive leadership is promoted within an organization. Originality/value Overall, this paper confirms social identity theory in a novel way. Social identity theory suggests that the context can impact an employee’s identification with the organization they work for, without specifying the characteristics that the context must possess. The authors’ contribution reaffirms this theory by proposing that it is specifically the inclusiveness of the context that positively influences the employee’s identification within the organization. By focusing on this aspect of inclusion, this research introduces a novel perspective that enriches the current discourse on OCB and underscores the importance of cultivating inclusive workplace environments. Also, the authors add theoretical nuance to previous literature by suggesting that the way top management exercises leadership over employees can amplify the strength of corporate climate influence on worker inclusion perception.

The Impact of (In)Civility on Selected Individual and Organisational Outcomes in Financial Services

Orientation: Despite its ubiquitous impact, the South African financial services sector lacks understanding of the constructs of civility and incivility.Research purpose: The study investigated the impact of (in)civility on work engagement, organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), and turnover intention in a South African financial services organisation using adapted (in)civility scales.Motivation for the study: The dearth of research within the South African financial services organisation on the constructs of (in)civility and its impact as well as the testing of an adapted tool, necessitated this research.Research approach/design and method: A non-experimental research design, with purposive sampling (N = 305) was used in this study. Specifically, we used latent variable modelling methods in a confirmatory manner to establish a measurement and structural model from which to make inferences.Main findings: The study found that (in)civility is related, can co-exist and is independent. The findings accentuated the need to further explore how (in)civility is conceptualised, experienced and measured. Results showed that civility specifically, yielded positive outcomes, while incivility had a negative effect. Work engagement serves as a mediator in the relationships between civility, OCB and turnover intention only.Practical/managerial implications: The study suggests that organisations deepen their understanding of civility and incivility, and focus on promoting positive behaviours. Cultivating a civil organisational climate leads to beneficial outcomes.Contribution/value-add: The study enhances South Africa’s understanding of workplace (in)civility by testing adapted scales and promoting construct alignment between definition and measurement.

Key to successful legislation on the role of professional commitment, organizational behavior and understanding of legislation

This study aims to examine the effect of Professional Commitment (X1) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (X2) on Legislative Function Performance (Y) through Legislative Function Understanding (Z) as a mediating variable among members of the South Kalimantan Provincial DPRD. The research method uses a quantitative design with mediation analysis. Data were collected from 117 DPRD member respondents using a questionnaire that was tested for validity and reliability. The results of the analysis showed that X2 did not have a significant effect on Y (p-value = 0.089), while X2 had a significant negative effect on Z (p-value = 0.000). On the other hand, X1 showed a significant negative effect on Y (p-value = 0.000), but was not significant on Z (p-value = 0.337). Legislative Function Understanding (Z) did not function as a mediator between X2 and Y (p-value = 0.882) and between X1 and Y (p-value = 0.905). These findings emphasize the importance of increasing the professional commitment of DPRD members and paying attention to organizational citizenship behavior in an effort to improve legislative performance, while also showing that understanding the legislative function does not strengthen the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Further research is needed to explore other factors that may affect legislative performance.

Sustainable leadership: empowering green organizational citizenship behaviour through employee green value in the Indian healthcare sector

Purpose Leadership is crucial for promoting employees’ environmental behaviour, essential for implementing sustainability initiatives. Academics and practitioners emphasize the need for integrated top-to-bottom actions to address environmental issues effectively. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate how Environment-Specific Servant Leadership (ESSL), via Employee Green Value (EGV), promotes Green Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (GOCB). Design/methodology/approach The present study adopted a quantitative cross-sectional approach. Additionally, a total of 333 data points were collected from employees working in various hospitals in Ranchi, India. The data and hypothesized relationships were analysed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 4.0 software. Findings The present results indicate that ESSL has a notable direct effect on employees’ GOCB. Moreover, EGV was identified as a partial mediator in the relationship between ESSL and GOCB. Practical implications The findings imply that leaders who prioritize sustainability and exhibit environmentally responsible behaviour, along with employees who value and prioritize green initiatives, can create a workplace that value pro-environmental practices. In this workplace employees are also likely to demonstrate green organizational citizenship behaviour, therefore promoting sustainable practices and outcomes. Originality/value This study provides valuable insight into the individual psychological mechanisms that drive voluntary participation in environmental protection and conservation efforts. Furthermore, the study also highlighted the relationship between ESSL, EGV and GOCB in terms of their work environment as well as highlighting the potential for organizations to create a more sustainable and socially responsible workplace.

Ethical Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Hospitality Industry in Bahrain: The Mediating Role of Machiavellianism

The study was conducted to determine the following: a) the level of Machiavellianism, ethical leadership, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of employees in the hospitality industry; b) the significant relationship between ethical leadership and OCB, ethical leadership and Machiavellianism, and Machiavellianism and OCB; c) the mediating role of Machiavellianism in the relationship between ethical leadership and OCB. The study conducted a survey questionnaire to 27 respondents from managers and employees in the hospitality industry in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study’s findings revealed that managers and employees have shown neutral level of Machiavellianism, with a mean of 4.04; above average ethical leadership with a mean of 3.51; and very high organizational citizenship with a mean of 3.54. Furthermore, there is a very strong positive significant relationship (Spearman rho values) between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. there is no significant relationship between ethical leadership and Machiavellianism, and that there is a weak positive relationship, but it is not significant between organizational citizenship behavior and Machiavellianism. According to the findings, very high ethical leadership in hotel employees influence their organizational citizenship behavior though Machiavellianism does not serve as a mediator in this relationship, the hospitality industry in Bahrain has much benefit to be derived from these attributes of its employees.

The Effect Of Work Experience, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Commitment Towards Employee Performance At PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional I

Employee performance is one of the important factors that must be prioritized in order to be able to face and win competition at both national and global levels. The full performance of workers in carrying out their duties, whether an employee's performance is good or bad, is determined by their performance. This research aims to determine the influence of work experience, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), commitment on employee performance at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional I. The method in this research is the Quantitative Method, the number of samples for this research is 110 respondents. Data collection techniques in this research are questionnaires, observation, pre-survey interviews, data analysis using multiple linear regression tests and descriptive statistics. Data management in this research uses SPSS 25 for Windows. Based on the research results, it shows that work experience has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significant value of 0.039, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significant value of 0.040, and commitment has a positive and significant effect on performance with a significant value. of 0.001. work experience, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and commitment simultaneously influence work productivity in PT, Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional I employees with a sig value of 0.000.

Enhancing Employee Performance through Quality Work Life: The Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Riau’s Government-Owned Credit Insurance Sector

This study investigates the impact of Quality of Work Life (QWL) on employee performance, with a focus on the mediating effects of Job Satisfaction (JS) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in government-owned credit insurance companies in Riau Province. Based on quantitative causality research with a sample of 309 employees, this study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine how QWL directly and indirectly influences performance. Key findings reveal that QWL positively impacts both job satisfaction and OCB, which in turn significantly enhance employee performance. These insights underscore the importance of fostering a supportive work environment to improve organizational outcomes, particularly in sectors reliant on high employee engagement and performance. The implications for managerial practice and potential areas for future research are also discussed.

The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in Moderating the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Leadership, Organizational Climate, and Workload on Employee Performance

This study aims to review employee performance at a private school in Surabaya by analyzing the influence of entrepreneurial leadership, organizational climate, workload, and OCB on employee performance. We use structural equation modeling (SEM) as the method to study complex relationships between variables. The study seeks to provide in-depth insights into the factors affecting employee performance and assist schools in designing strategies to enhance achievement and competitiveness. The results indicate that entrepreneurial leadership, organizational climate, and workload do not have a significant direct impact on employee performance. However, OCB has a significant effect on performance. Additionally, organizational climate and workload significantly influence OCB, while entrepreneurial leadership does not have a significant effect on OCB. These findings highlight the importance of OCB in improving employee performance, as well as the necessity of creating a conducive organizational climate and effectively managing workload to maximize employee contributions in educational institutions.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Mediated by Employee Engagement at Bank Sumsel Babel

This article examines the effect of transformational leadership and job satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) with employee engagement as the mediation at Bank Sumsel Babel. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection through employee surveys. The results of the analysis indicate that transformational leadership and job satisfaction have a significant positive effect on OCB. In addition, employee engagement is proven to mediate the relationship between transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and OCB. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening employee engagement in improving constructive organizational behavior, with implications for human resource management practices in the banking sector.

Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Pada Karyawan Mandiri University Group

<em>The increasingly intense competition in the era of globalization demands companies continuously adjust their strategies to adapt to changing conditions. Human resources are key to the successful implementation of company activities, requiring a focus on improving their quality. One important factor influencing employee performance is organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), which are affected by job satisfaction, effective leadership, and workplace spirituality. This study examines the influence of job satisfaction on effective leadership, workplace spirituality, and organizational citizenship behaviors in the Mandiri University Group in the DKI Jakarta Province, as well as the mediating roles of effective leadership and workplace spirituality. This research employs a quantitative approach with data collected through questionnaires from 220 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and hypothesis testing. The results show that job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on effective leadership and workplace spirituality but not on organizational citizenship behaviors. Workplace spirituality has a significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behaviors, while effective leadership does not. Job satisfaction influences organizational citizenship behaviors through workplace spirituality but not through effective leadership. The implications of this study highlight the importance of enhancing job satisfaction and workplace spirituality to promote organizational citizenship behaviors. Managers and leaders at Mandiri University Group in DKI Jakarta Province should pay more attention to aspects that can improve job satisfaction and workplace spirituality to achieve organizational goals effectively. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions to the development of a model of organizational citizenship behaviors through job satisfaction and workplace spirituality</em>

Examination of organizational citizenship behavior influence on employee performance attainment: an empirical investigation

Examination of organizational citizenship behavior influence on employee performance attainment: an empirical investigation

The Mediating Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour on Relationship Between Self Efficacy and Employee Performance

This study examined the impact of self-efficacy on employee performance, specifically through organizational citizenship behavior. The goal was to understand how these factors influenced employee performance, considering that work often went beyond job descriptions. The study used a quantitative approach, with the population drawn from the employees of PT SIER, and purposive sampling was employed to select participants from the Development and PIER Area divisions. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on indicators of each research variable and analyzed using SmartPLS software. The findings revealed that self-efficacy directly affected employee performance, while self efficacy has indirect influence on employee performance when through organizational citizenship behavior. Overall, this research highlighted the significance of enhancing employee self-efficacy to improve performance in the modern workplace.