Organizational Business Performance Research Articles

Relationship among Organization Culture, Employee Creativity, Service Orientation, and Business Performance: Focused on Hotel Restaurants

본 연구의 목적은 레스토랑 환경에서 종업원의 창의성이 고객 서비스 지향성 및 사업성과에 영향을 미치는 메커니즘을 조사하는 것이다. 종업원 창의성의 선행변수로써, 본 종업연구는 조직문화적 요인(조직 지원, 직무 특성, 창의성 장애요인)를 채택하고, 종업원의 나이를 조절변수로 채택했다. 본 연구에서 사용된 개념적 프레임워크는 Mayfield와 Mayfield의(2010)의 Garden Variety Creativity이론에서 부분적으로 원용하였다. 설문 조사 방식을 이용해 3개 유형의 레스토랑에서 근무하는 셰프들을 대상으로 총 229개의 설문지를 수집했다. 연구 결과는 조직적 지원과 직업 특성이 직원들의 인지된 창의성에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 본 연구에서는 조직의 지원이 고객 서비스 지향성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 직원의 창의성이 사업성과에도 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 사실을 발견했다. 마지막으로, 직원의 나이가 조직 지원과 직원 창의성 사이의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다.

Indirect Relationship of Corporate Image, Organizational Culture, Employee Loyalty, and Business Performance among Private Business Organization: Structural Equation Modelling Approach

This study is very important for business organizations to formulate and plan strategies to ensure the ability to maintain sustainable business performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct relationship between organizational culture and corporate image with business performance, as well as the direct relationship between organizational culture and corporate image with employee loyalty. This study also evaluates the effect of mediating employee loyalty on the relationship between organizational culture and business performance as well as the effect of mediating employee loyalty on the relationship between corporate image and business performance. This study uses a quantitative approach by using primary data for analysis. Adopted and adapted survey questionnaires from previous studies were used to collect data. A total of 329 clean data were used in data analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques. This study used Smartpls3 software to analyze multivariate data and proposed hypotheses. Furthermore, by using Smartpls3, model measurement and structural model assessment procedures were also carried out. Evaluation of construct validity and reliability was performed to confirm the presence of convergent validity and reliability. Subsequently, the discriminant validity was assessed through cross-loadings and Hetrotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios., Then the structural model assessment was assessed, and from the hypotheses testing results, it was found that both organizational culture and corporate image have a positive and significant relationship with business performance and employee loyalty. Mediating effect analysis revealed that employee loyalty significantly mediated the relationships between organization culture and corporate image with business performance. The findings showed that organizational culture and corporate image were important factors to be considered in strengthening employee loyalty which will eventually lead to better organizational business performance.

Optimizing safety budget allocation in process industry using risk metrics

Pro-active investment into process risk mitigation can impact organizational business performance positively by allowing avoidance of future accidents. While several approaches have been reported in the literature, there is a need for a plant-wide safety investment optimization (SIO) framework in order to mitigate all identified, credible accident scenarios. The present work includes both individual and societal risk as metrics simultaneously for decision-making for optimal risk reduction. The overall framework satisfies three requirements: ensuring compliance with national process risk acceptance regulations; procurement of insurance cover for specific risks, and investment in selective residual risks, not attended to in the previous phases, so as to secure financial benefits of reduced asset and human losses from possible future accidents. An example case study based on a process plant is presented in way of illustrating the application of the SIO framework. The first layer of quantitative risk analysis computations indicates the public IR exceeds the tolerable limit, but societal risk (SR) compliance exists. The algorithm to enable compliance for SR by mitigating the maximum cumulative accident frequency and/or fatality is presented. Next, based on expected annualized loss, we illustrate the choice of an insurance cover for mitigating the residual risks that may cause significant property losses. Thereafter, based on the availability of additional safety budget, a cost-benefit analysis for safeguards for mitigating the still remaining risks is exemplified. This leads to the identification of the combination of safeguards that secure the maximum possible benefit to the organization. This step, in effect, allows the organization to progress beyond the minimal requirement of regulatory conformity. The cost-benefit analysis demonstrated can potentially constitute a viable business decision as it may allow an organization to secure the best return on focused investments on safeguards.

Exploring warehouse management practices for adoption of IoT-blockchain

ABSTRACT The warehousing sector has been experiencing technological up-gradation for the last few years. To enable a technology-friendly environment, warehousing companies have begun to use management practices like the omnichannel, shared economy, intelligent bins, etc. The current study used recent literature to develop a conceptual model by identifying modern warehousing practices and then used structural equation modelling to examine the relationship between these practices and IoT-blockchain adoption to assess the impact on organisational business performance. Further, the data was acquired from the Indian warehousing organisation to analyse the proposed model. The study’s outcome shows that financial and infrastructure practices significantly impact the adoption of IoT blockchain, which further impacts business performance. The findings also imply that SC managers should incorporate operational, organisational, security, and flexibility practices into their work culture since these practices (factors and items) would build the foundation for IoT blockchain deployment. The outcome will aid practitioners by identifying appropriate management strategies and practices for performance improvement.

Achieving superior performance in international markets: the roles of organizational agility and absorptive capacity

PurposeIn the era of Industry 4.0, international firms are required to respond to more complex and frequent changes in the global market. This study aims to explore the role of organizational agility as a key driver to generate superior performance in international markets in the era of technological transformation and how the degree of such impact is affected by the absorptive capacity of companies.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses the results of a survey targeting 228 Korean exporters to identify the link between organizational agility and business performance in the global market under different degrees of potential and achieved absorptive capacity in the Industry 4.0 era.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that companies with a high level of organizational agility outperform their counterparts in the global market. The data further revealed that realized absorptive capacity positively moderates the relationship between organizational agility and firm performance when it is achieved, whereas the moderating role of potential absorptive capacity is not significant.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the advancement of international business studies on organizational agility and Industry 4.0 by highlighting the implication of organizational agility on firm performance and the contingent role of absorptive capacity.

The influence of green human resource management practices and employee green behavior on business performance in sustainability-focused organizations

Drawing on the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity, Corporate Environmentalism, and Value Belief Norm theories, this study proposes a framework that focuses on the consequences of green human resource management practices. We collected data from employees (n = 184) in sustainability-focused organizations in the United Arab Emirates. The results suggest that employee green behavior significantly shapes the relationships between environmental orientation, green competence building, green motivation, and organizational business performance. The study results allow us to understand better employee green behaviors and their impact on improving organizational business performance in an emerging nation context. The novelty of this research lies in the presentation of an integrated framework to solve the contemporary challenge facing businesses in promoting the green behaviors of employees.

중소기업 경영자가 인식하는 리더십 유형에 관한 주관성 연구: 에니어그램 배형 중심으로

This study uses Q methodology to measure scientifically subjective meaning in order to understand the leadership types and characteristics perceived by small and medium-sized business managers of the Enneagram type. After constructing 200 Q populations through previous studies and interviews, 40 statements were selected as Q samples. For the P sample used in the study, 23 Enneagram type managers were selected among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the data obtained through the Q classification process were analyzed for principal component factors using the QUANL program. The results of the study are as follows. Type1 is the ‘Vision presentation type that helps the growth of followers’. Type2 is the ‘Out-of-course type with a strong sense of responsibility for followers’. Type3 is the ‘Follower-centered type that puts people first’. Type4 is ‘Self-management that sets an example for followers’. It is hoped that this study will be used as basic data for SME managers with Enneagram Belly Types to increase organizational growth and business performance by accurately understanding their personalities and demonstrating better leadership through self-examination.

How do formalization, centralization and integration impact dynamic knowledge-based capability?

Dynamic capability is a fundamental concept for firms to achieve competitive advantage. In the past two decades, researcher have studied the impact of dynamic capability on the business, financial, and innovative performance of organizations; however, it is clear that the results achieved by some companies are superior in terms of the development and application of dynamic capability. This difference in terms of the results achieved can be explained by factors related to the organizational structure and, therefore, this research analyses the impacts of the organizational structure on knowledge-based dynamic capability. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was applied to a sample of 192 Brazilian manufacturing companies to analyze our theoretical premises. Our research contributes to the literature by showing how the components of the organizational structure (formalization, centralization, and integration) affect the two elements of knowledge-based dynamic capability (knowledge absorptive and transformative capacity). Previous studies indicate that less mechanical structures, that is, structures with lower levels of centralization and formalization, are favorable for the development of dynamic capability. In a different way, our results indicate that formalization and centralization act differently in relation to the absorptive capacity transformative capacity.

Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and opportunity exploitation in driving business performance: moderating effect of interfunctional coordination

Purpose The study aims to investigate the extent to which interfunctional coordination (IFC) moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO) and organisational opportunity exploitation (OE) and business performance (BP); second, to examine the impact of EO, MO and organisational OE on the BP. Design/methodology/approach The study used a cross-sectional design approach, with the research framework tested on a sample of 203 cases of employees mostly at skilled, professional and management levels in Gauteng Province. Data was analysed through correlation, regression and moderation analysis. Findings The results indicated that EO, MO and OE account for BP. Furthermore, IFC significantly moderates only the relationship between MO and BP (financial) and OE and BP (non-financial). While the relationship between EO and BP is not significantly moderated. Practical implications The study highlights that IFC is not yet embedded in organisational practice and culture. Scaling interventions to promote IFC as a performance enabler, particularly in conjunction with the entrepreneurial, market-oriented and OE activities, is essential in the South African corporate entrepreneurial environment. Originality/value Although EO, MO and OE are widely recognised as performance enablers, very little is known about the potential moderating role of IFC towards these identified complementary strategic capabilities within the South African corporate context. The empirical research strengthens awareness about the need and criticality of IFC in improving organisational performance in emerging economies.

Kvalitet i marketing orijentacija u funkciji izgradnje brenda, zadovoljstva korisnika i unapređenja poslovanja

The paper deals with the analysis and role of integrated marketing communications, supported by modern information and communication technologies, in building a brand and improving the business performance of organizations. Marketing orientation enables brand re-cognition on the market, while for consumer loyalty to a given brand, it is necessary to provide the desired level of quality. Correlation analysis determined the existence of the influence of quality on increasing customer satisfaction. In addition, statistically significant relationships were found between marketing communication and brand building, indicating their interdependence. The results of the correlation analysis show that there is an important correlation between quality and marketing communication to improve the business performance of the organization. Regression analysis found that quality has the greatest impact on customer confidence and improving business profitability, with quality management activities that have had the greatest impact are relationship management, people engagement, leadership and fact-based decision making. The results of the regression model pointed out that marketing communication contributes the most to creating brand recognition in the market and achieving greater market share, with the greatest contribution being made by economic propaganda, personal sales and public relations. Variables of quality and marketing communications have been shown to influence the variables of brand building, customer satisfaction and business performance, which are also factors in business improvement. Factor analysis determined the existence of two components, with one component bringing together the factors of brand building and customer satisfaction, while the other component brought together the factors of business performance. A statistically significant association was established between these two components. The aim of this research is to point out the importance of continuous quality improvement as a factor in increasing customer satisfaction, but also the importance of marketing communications in building a brand. Effective brand building in the market and satisfied and loyal customers are a prerequisite for improvement business by improving the business performance of the organization.

Role Adaptive Management Ambidexterity : Construction Escalation of Small Business performance

Abstract
 The growth of MSME business performance is a prerequisite for developing countries in improving the welfare of their people in the future. This study aims to investigate the ambidexterity adaptive management variable as a solution in realizing MSME business performance. Organizational learning and absorptive capacity become a panacea in improving business performance. The results of previous studies still leave a gap between organizational learning and absorption capacity in increasing business performance growth. so in this study offers a new idea as a solution in closing the gap from previous research. Adaptive management ambidexterity is the agility of the organization to adapt to the ever-changing business environment through learning adapted to the absorption capacity of MSME entrepreneurs. as a mediator of organizational learning and absorptive in improving MSME business performance. Myopia learning is learning to absorb experience and exploit other people's knowledge and explore their own knowledge, become a mediator of organizational learning and have a significant influence with adaptive management ambidexterity in spurring SME business growth. This research is very useful as a solution in solving the weaknesses of the organization's business performance, especially SMEs. The new concept of Adaptive Management Ambidexterity is used agilely and synergistically for the development of SME business performance, both internally and externally through myopia learning and absorption capacity. We suggest that the context of Adaptive Management Ambidexterity can be selected, tested and put into practice both theoretically and managerially, for future practice and research.

Factors of Change in Bureaucrat's Work Climate and Behavior of Post-Pandemic Public Services

A pandemic is a global disease outbreak, just like the COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the whole world. At the stage where the pandemic has begun to decline, bureaucrats as the front line of public services need to prepare everything related to their duties considering that during a pandemic emergency there are still shortcomings in public services and open opportunities for national economic recovery to move again. Post-pandemic requires a change in the work climate in organizational culture, bureaucratic behavior and the effectiveness of public service management to welcome economic recovery in a new, more dynamic order. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative (Sugiyono, 2015) analyzing and describing phenomena or research objects through social activities, attitudes and perceptions of people individually or in groups using a literature study. The research is described on changes in the work climate of bureaucrats and the behavior of bureaucrats towards public services after the pandemic. The results show that the management transformation and bureaucratic climate refer to the ideal model of governance, namely dynamic governance and diversity governance, with its strategic pillars covering several aspects, namely bureaucratic management, institutional and organizational business processes, performance accountability and supervision, public services, and the use of information and communication technology (ICT) within the scope of an electronic-based government system and remains on the path of public service standards. To create superior post-pandemic bureaucrats according to the plan to formulate bureaucratic management in the era of the new normal order that emphasizes more on the digital system, changing the planning system, procuring bureaucrats by building digital government, having information technology literacy, strengthening competencies according to organizational development. And transforming the employee development system through online, internship, or hands-on learning into the workplace. The post-pandemic bureaucracy must be adaptive to these changes so that bureaucratic reform can really be realized in its implementation in the field as a public service.

Organizational resilience, job satisfaction and business performance

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the effects of organizational resilience on job satisfaction and business performance in companies that have undergone corporate reorganizations.Design/methodology/approachA survey was carried out on a sample of 102 executives and managers from Brazilian companies that underwent corporate reorganization. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that organizational resilience influences business performance (in the dimensions of economy-financial, customers and processes/learning) and job satisfaction (in the dimensions of financial and personal benefits). However, the relations between job satisfaction and business performance were partial, indicating that satisfaction can affect performance through other variables.Research limitations/implicationsThe main study implication lies on the empirical immersion regarding the effects of active organizational resilience on multi-faceted business performance, to the detriment of only the financial view and on job satisfaction.Practical implicationsThe distinct effects of resilience on business performance and job satisfaction provide managers with insight into how to allocate resources, in order to benefit the interests of both employer and employee.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to provide empirical evidence of the effects of active organizational resilience on multi-dimensional business performance. The results provide new insights into this relationship and may clarify divergent results found in the literature. It also provides evidence of the effects of active organizational resilience on job satisfaction in companies that have undergone corporate reorganizations, events that are supposed to require resilient skills.

Influence of Organizational Culture & Intellectual Capital on Business Performance in Textile Industry of Pakistan

This paper aims to find out the extent to which organizational culture and intellectual capital influence the textile industry’s business performance in Pakistan. The study uses causal and explanatory research design. Several 200 textile industry employees participated in this survey, selected as the study sample using the purposive sampling technique. The study detects that both organizational and intellectual capital directly impact the textile firms’ business performance. However, the impact of intellectual capital on business performance is more substantial than that of organizational culture. The mediating effect of technological innovation in the relationship between organizational culture and business performance is also supported. The study can be used by the textile industry managers to set up policies on how to improve business performance in the textile firms. The study also fills the literature gap as prior studies do not have worked on the mediating aspect of technological innovation.

IMPACT OF THE FINANCIAL CONTROL OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF SAUDI SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS

This study aimed to determine the effect of financial control of marketing communication activities on the competitive advantage dimensions of services organizations in Saudi Arabia, as well as to investigate the statistical differences in the research variables according to some organizational factors. The study population consists of two parts, the first part represents the service organizations in Saudi Arabia reaches 206 in 2019, and the second part is the actual customers of such surveyed organizations in Riyadh city reaches 8 million in 2019. The full survey of all service organizations and the purposive sampling methods are used. The response rate of survived organizations reaches 64.5% of total surveyed organizations, while the sample size of customers is 1500 and 97.5% of total distributed questionnaires estimate 1463 questionnaires. The descriptive methodology is used and the questionnaire is the key tool to collect the primary data. The study concludes that there is it is found that there is a statistically significant effect of the financial control in the MC on the competitive advantage, the study also concludes that there are significant statistical differences in the financial control of MC Activities according to listed on the stock markets. Finally, the study suggests some recommendations that enhance the financial control of marketing communication activities in such organizations through increasing the efficiency of control systems for marketing communication activities, and give greater flexibility in budgeting and expected variations, and using the cost-based strategy to maximize the business performance of such organizations. KEY WORDS: Financial Control, Financial Planning, Business Performance, Marketing Communication, Competitive Advantage, Service Sector, Saudi Arabia.

Managing Eco-Friendly Strategy Implementation and Its Impacts on Business Performance: The Role of Organizational Strategic Capabilities

The increasing movements on the implementation of environmental sustainability and its impact on business performance become one of the important discussions on the strategic management field. Organizations are forced to major environmental initiatives to answer the green business inquiries. Constructed from the organizational capabilities literature of strategic management, this study explains how organizations strengthen their performances toward the implementation of environmentaly friendly or also called as ecofriendly business strategy and proposes hypotheses to answer the questions on how the organizational capabilities that represents internal organizational factors affect business performance through the mediating effect of eco-friendly strategy implementation Using a model integrating resource-based theory, institutional theory, and strategic business unit perspectives, this study tests the causalities upon the hotel industry in Indonesia which currently facing the force to adopt environmental friendly business practices due to the expansive development within the industry. This study used SPSS software followed by mediation test to analyze the mediating effect of eco-friendly strategy implementation on the relationship between organizational strategic capabilities and business performance. Research data were collected through the questionnaires, resulting 109 data from two-starred and above hotels across major cities in Indonesia. The findings of this study indicate that organizational strategic capabilities have a positive and significant effect on eco-friendly strategy implementation and business performances respectively while the mediating effect of Eco-friendly strategy implementation were partially found.Drawing from these results, the implications of the findings upon industrial, policies, and further research avenues are discussed.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЇ ФІНАНСОВИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА: ОБЛІКОВО-АНАЛІТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

Formulation of the problem. Understanding the essence of the financial results of enterprises and using effective management decisions regarding their future development is a key guarantee to increasing the efficiency of organizations. One of the most pressing issues related to accounting, analysis and audit of financial results in the conditions of competitive environment is the conceptual aspects of their classification. The functioning of an enterprise largely depends on its ability to bring a sufficient level of income. The aim of the research is to define the concept of systematization of financial results of the enterprise in order to further improve the efficiency of accounting and analytical work of the organization, identify problems in the interpretation of the concept of «financial results» in order to improve their accounting, analysis and audit. The subject of the research is conceptual aspects of classification of financial results of domestic enterprises. The methods of the research: comparison, juxtaposition, systemic and analytical approaches, mean values, generalization and classification, dialectical and formal logic. The statement of basic materials. The article identifies the peculiarities of classification of financial results of the enterprise, defines existing shortcomings in the regulatory and legislative regulation of Ukraine regarding the terminology of financial results of the company, examines and summarizes approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «financial results», evaluates and analyzes the financial results of domestic business entities, measures are proposed to improve accounting, analytical and audit procedures for financial results and improve the business performance of organizations. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the recommendations provided to improve accounting, analytical and audit procedures for financial results and improve the business efficiency of domestic enterprises. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. Classification of financial results of enterprises is the starting point for building their accounting, analysis and audit, but existing approaches to systematizing financial results contain many contradictory points, and therefore are imperfect. Classification features should cover a comprehensive study of financial results and ensure that they are grouped in the right context. The offered classification of financial results for the use of accounting, analysis and audit will increase the efficiency of accounting and analytical activities of organizations.

Knowledge management capabilities and organizational agility as liaisons of business performance

PurposeThe aim of this current study is to investigate the effects of knowledge management capabilities – knowledge infrastructure capability and knowledge processing capability – on organizational agility and business performance. This study also examines organizational agility as an underlying mechanism between knowledge management capabilities and business performance relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from one hundred and sixty-nine organizations. Partial least squared (PLS)–based structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed to test the study hypotheses. The analysis was performed in WarpPLS 6.0 software.FindingsResults revealed that both dimensions of knowledge management capabilities positively influence organizational agility and business performance. In addition to the direct effect, knowledge management capabilities also have an indirect effect on business performance mediated through organizational agility.Research limitations/implicationsThis study attempts to develop an integrated framework to conceptualize a capability–capacity–performance relationship, where it suggests that knowledge management capabilities are important organization-level capabilities which facilitate organizations to develop necessary capacities i.e. organizational agility to successfully perform business activities.Practical implicationsThe findings help the managers to understand the contribution of knowledge management capabilities towards business performance. The findings imply that business performance can be enhanced by development of a culture - enabled by a knowledge-oriented structure and technology – that encourages knowledge sharing among employees because when employees are not sharing information, they are prone to repeating the same mistakes which they and other people have already committed. Likewise, strategies such as mentoring cross training, business process empowerment and technical training programs allow employees to gain business knowledge and foster organizational agility.Originality/valueNovelty of this study is to develop and empirically test an integrated framework of a capability–capacity–performance relationship. It suggests that knowledge management capabilities (firm capability) enable organizations to develop organizational agility (firm capacity) which in turn enhances performance.

Exploring the Assessment Model of Corporate Ethics Influencing Organizational Performance

The purpose of this paper is to explore the appropriate assessment model for examining the relationship between corporate ethics and organizational performance. First, this study discusses the level of ethical cognition of employees, and then, discusses whether corporate ethics whatever internal and external factors are related to organizational performance. Also, this paper states the ethics of employees from the aspects of laws and regulations, employee’s interests, organizational mission, and so on. Company’s ability of implementing corporate ethics is also an important factor of affecting the practitioner’s cognition concerning about corporate ethics and further manipulating organizational business performance. Those companies with belief in doing good corporate ethics have created better organizational performance. The result findings of this study can benefit both academic researchers and practitioners gain new insights in quantifying organizational performance by focusing on the perspective of corporate ethics. JEL classification numbers: J53, L21, M10. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Ethics, Organizational Performance.

Employee Job Satisfaction and Business Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

Purpose: The aim of this research article is to scrutinize the influence of employee job satisfaction on organizational commitment and business performance in the context of retail banking sector in northern India. Design/methodology/approach: A research design of quantitative in nature was used via a structured questionnaire on a sample of 440 Indian commercial bank employees. Research hypotheses were tested by using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique to evaluate and test the proposed model. Findings: The result of the present study confirms that all facets of job satisfaction affect the satisfaction of employees significantly and, thus, influence the employee’s organizational commitment and business performance, respectively. The significance of the indirect path of employee job satisfaction on business performance through organizational commitment has also been tested with the Sobel test, which exhibited significant results. Research implications: This study provides insight into the influence of employee job satisfaction on the organizational commitment and business performance in the Indian commercial banking context in particular, which could benefit management and policymakers as well as other enterprises operating in the same segment. The results suggest that employee job satisfaction strongly contributes to employees’ organizational commitment and business performance. Therefore, organizations require that their employees must be contented and pleased with what they do. Originality/value: This research study contributes one more brick to the existing body of knowledge by investigating the casual relation of employee job satisfaction, and organizational commitment as a mediator with business performance, as these causal relations with business performance are very scarce in the context of commercial banking context. Research limitations: This research survey was restricted to commercial banks operating only in northern India. Thus, it limits the generalizability of the results for the context specified only.