Organizational Boundaries Research Articles

A retrospective review of the use of text message communication for a musculoskeletal service during COVID-19

Keywords: accuRx, SMS, Communication Purpose: Clinician & Admin Survey Aims•Understand frequency that staff send text messages to patients•Understand types of text messages we send•Identify any accuRx training needs or concerns•Highlight any examples which demonstrate safe, personal or effective care between staff and patients Patient Survey Aims•Understand any added value of text message communication from a patient perspective•Measure patient satisfaction upon receiving text message information•Determine if patients would like more / less communication via text message•Highlight any patient stories which demonstrate safe, personal or effective care In restoring our Service and planning for the future post-Covid, we would like to investigate how best to deliver future patient care. This could be returning to the way we used to do things, or by building on some of the recent changes. We would like to understand the clinician, admin and patient experience of using text messages as a form of communication and information sharing during COVID-19 to inform future practice, particularly where there may be cost implications. Methods: We designed two ‘Survey Monkey’ questionnaires targeted to understand the clinician and administrative perspectives of text message use. 75 surveys were analysed. We designed one ‘Survey Monkey’ questionnaire targeted to understand the patient experience of text message use. 55 surveys were analysed. Results: * Clinical staff and admin staff were using the software differently to meet the needs of patients. * Clinicians, admin and patients rated an average satisfaction score of 9/10 for both the sending and receipt of text messages. * 80% of clinicians send several text messages per week (60% using them multiple times per day). * 92% of admin send several text messages per week (80% using them multiple times per day). * 84% of clinicians believe the information sent / received added value to the consultation. * There were significant savings in terms of time and cost in relation to simplified process maps and a reduction in printing and postage costs. * 96% of patients found the information they were sent useful. * 92% of patients would prefer communication in this format in the future. Conclusion(s): • accuRx provides a triple win. Patients, clinicians and administrative staff all gave a user satisfaction score of 9/10•Provides cost and time saving opportunities•Enriches service digital transformation in line with Trust Values and Objectives•Scope for future improvements through software enhancements•Enhances the ability of health systems to work together within and across organizational boundaries to advance the effective delivery of healthcare for individuals and communities Impact: • Spread ELHT has approximately 1800 EMIS / accuRx users. By demonstrating our knowledge and experience of the product alongside our patient feedback, we can help other services embed this technology; further increasing cost-saving potential and more importantly, it's effectiveness.•Sustainability We can look to improve usage (clinician and admin) and support with further training. By sharing the results, we’ hope to be able to improve how accuRx is embedded into routine patient care. We’ll continue to seek patient and staff feedback to monitor effectiveness for continuous improvement. Funding acknowledgements: No funding

Lifecycle management in government-driven open source projects – practical framework

In many parts of the world, public sector organizations are increasingly interested in collaborating across organizational (and even national) boundaries to develop software solutions under an open licence. However, without sound lifecycle management practices, the full benefits of open collaboration are not achieved and projects fail to achieve sustained success. This paper introduces a lifecycle management model and framework for government-driven open-source projects and reports about its use in a real-life case study. Our focus is on lifecycle management activities which take place between deployment and end-of-life. The framework was developed iteratively through a series of focus group discussions with representatives of public sector organizations. After the framework had been taken into use in our real-life case project, individual qualitative interviews were conducted to collect experiences on its benefits and weaknesses. According to the initial evidence, the deployment of the framework seems to have brought concrete benefits to the project, e.g. by contributing positively to community growth, software quality and inter-organizational learning.

Semantic interoperability in health records standards: a systematic literature review.

The integration and exchange of information among health organizations and system providers are currently regarded as a challenge. Each organization usually has an internal ecosystem and a proprietary way to store electronic health records of the patient’s history. Recent research explores the advantages of an integrated ecosystem by exchanging information between the different inpatient care actors. Many efforts seek quality in health care, economy, and sustainability in process management. Some examples are reducing medical errors, disease control and monitoring, individualized patient care, and avoiding duplicate and fragmented entries in the electronic medical record. Likewise, some studies showed technologies to achieve this goal effectively and efficiently, with the ability to interoperate data, allowing the interpretation and use of health information. To that end, semantic interoperability aims to share data among all the sectors in the organization, clinicians, nurses, lab, the entire hospital. Therefore, avoiding data silos and keep data regardless of vendors, to exchange the information across organizational boundaries. This study presents a comprehensive systematic literature review of semantic interoperability in electronic health records. We searched seven databases of articles published between 2010 to September 2020. We showed the most chosen scenarios, technologies, and tools employed to solve interoperability problems, and we propose a taxonomy around semantic interoperability in health records. Also, we presented the main approaches to solve the exchange problem of legacy and heterogeneous data across healthcare organizations.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIO-BUSINESS MODELS AND JUSTIFICATION OF THEIR MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT

The management models and concepts that the business applies in its activities determine the decision-making process, work of organization, and other operating principles. In businesses whose activities are complex or specific, i.e. in high value-added bio-businesses, traditional management models are not suitable in some cases - For example Forgo (2004) says that only organizations that are able to turn ideas into products and sell them in a short period of time can develop effectively. In the case of bio-business development, research may take time, but this does not necessarily mean that the company will not develop efficiently.The aim of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of bio-business models and to substantiate the need for their improvement - the management model must be adapted to the size of the company, the nature of economic activity, the external environment. Today’s biotechnology industry also needs to take a more disciplined approach to management processes that go beyond traditional organizational boundaries. The research is based on the analysis, synthesis, systematization and comparison of scientific literature, statistical data and documents. The study found that while there are sufficient prospects for using bio-waste as bio-raw materials and developing bio-businesses in rural areas, existing models may be difficult to adapt from a managerial point of view and should be improved. The most obvious of the issues examined is that there is still a lack of solutions for a more fluent flow of business processes, especially for the adequate use of bio-waste, i.e. so that high added value is obtained from them. It has been found that the use of bio-raw materials for the manufacture of products would not only create high economic added value, but also would build jobs in rural areas. Because the development of a bio-business from idea to final product is a long process that can take decades, such processes require appropriate business models and their management.

Corporate sustainability management accounting and multi‐level links for sustainability – A systematic review

AbstractThe societal vision of sustainable development changes both the context of businesses and expectations that management should contribute to solving sustainability problems beyond organizational boundaries. Companies are influenced by macro‐level developments such as new environmental regulations and by meso‐level context such as social industry standards and guidelines. At the same time, companies are expected to contribute to sustainability transformations of markets at the meso‐level and to solving grand sustainability problems at the macro‐level such as the greenhouse effect. These developments increase and change sustainability information needs of managers and management accounting. This paper provides a systematic literature review of how sustainability management accounting (SMA) addresses links with the organization's contexts and contributions to sustainability transformations beyond organizational boundaries. The analysis questions the conventional assumption of an internal scope for SMA. It recognises this as a problematic constricting assumption in the literature and, instead, proposes a multi‐level Context, Action‐formation and Transformative contributions (CAT) framework for further development of SMA.

Drivers of employees' proactiveness for sustainability embeddedness: Examining situation‐related antecedents of information exchange

AbstractEmbedding sustainability in day‐to‐day operations necessitates employees' proactiveness beyond compliance with standardised management practices. Exchanging information on safety and environmental issues is acknowledged as a component of workers' proactive behaviours for sustainability embeddedness, which is hardly promoted by codified procedures. Accordingly, identifying leverages to stimulate information exchange is a primary objective for academics and practitioners. The study investigates drivers of information exchange on safety and environmental near misses by examining five situation‐related antecedents: rewards/reinforcements, organisational boundaries, social proactiveness, stakeholder salience and connectedness. The study relies on a mixed method approach, by combining social network analysis and a questionnaire survey conducted among four large Italian companies. The findings partially support the hypothesis of the study, highlighting rewards/reinforcements and connectedness as relevant antecedents of information exchange, while organisational boundaries only partially relate with information exchange. Surprisingly, stakeholder salience and social proactiveness do not emerge as significant drivers of information exchange. The study contributes to the debate on extra‐role pro‐sustainability behaviours and provides implications for managerial practice.

Searching for “the usual suspects”: The role of discretion and target group constructions in the frontline of policy implementation

AbstractThis study investigates the implementation of preventive policy targeting children. Based on longitudinal survey data we analyze how frontline workers assign meaning to core concepts of the policy and categorize the children and in this light how their exercise of discretion affects policy implementation. Many studies problematize the effects of limiting the discretion in the frontline. We identify a case where the policy is highly ambiguous, the definitions of target groups, core concepts, or central goals are vague, and the general steering of the frontline is not characterized by a lack of discretion but a lack of organizational boundaries to shape the discretion. This expands not only the policymaking role of the frontline but also becomes a barrier to developing a stronger preventive effort. The findings give nuanced insight into how organizational boundaries affect the discretion and target group construction in the frontline during frontline implementation of welfare policies.

Comparing International Experiences With Electronic Health Records Among Emergency Medicine Physicians in the United States and Norway: Semistructured Interview Study.

BackgroundThe variability in physicians’ attitudes regarding electronic health records (EHRs) is widely recognized. Both human and technological factors contribute to user satisfaction. This exploratory study considers these variables by comparing emergency medicine physician experiences with EHRs in the United States and Norway.ObjectiveThis study is unique as it aims to compare individual experiences with EHRs. It creates an opportunity to expand perspective, challenge the unknown, and explore how this technology affects clinicians globally. Research often highlights the challenge that health information technology has created for users: Are the negative consequences of this technology shared among countries? Does it affect medical practice? What determines user satisfaction? Can this be measured internationally? Do specific factors account for similarities or differences? This study begins by investigating these questions by comparing cohort experiences. Fundamental differences between nations will also be addressed.MethodsWe used semistructured, participant-driven, in-depth interviews (N=12) for data collection in conjunction with ethnographic observations. The conversations were recorded and transcribed. Texts were then analyzed using NVivo software (QSR International) to develop codes for direct comparison among countries. Comprehensive understanding of the data required triangulation, specifically using thematic and interpretive phenomenological analysis. Narrative analysis ensured appropriate context of the NVivo (QSR International) query results.ResultsEach interview resulted in mixed discussions regarding the benefits and disadvantages of EHRs. All the physicians recognized health care’s dependence on this technology. In Norway, physicians perceived more benefits compared with those based in the United States. Americans reported fewer benefits and disproportionally high disadvantages. Both cohorts believed that EHRs have increased user workload. However, this was mentioned 2.6 times more frequently by Americans (United States [n=40] vs Norway [n=15]). Financial influences regarding health information technology use were of great concern for American physicians but rarely mentioned among Norwegian physicians (United States [n=37] vs Norway [n=6]). Technology dysfunctions were the most common complaint from Norwegian physicians. Participants from each country noted increased frustration among older colleagues.ConclusionsDespite differences spanning geographical, organizational, and cultural boundaries, much is to be learned by comparing individual experiences. Both cohorts experienced EHR-related frustrations, although etiology differed. The overall number of complaints was significantly higher among American physicians. This study augments the idea that policy, regulation, and administration have compelling influence on user experience. Global EHR optimization requires additional investigation, and these results help to establish a foundation for future research.

Corporate memory dynamics in project-based organizations (PBOs): multiple case study in Brazilian engineering design firms and a framework proposal

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the processes of memory acquisition, retention, retrieval and application occur in project-based organizations (PBOs). In this kind of organization, the nature of corporate memory is influenced by the transience, uniqueness and independence of the project portfolio. Such understanding may help practitioners to mitigate the effects of project transience and promote knowledge sharing among project teams.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical and qualitative study was carried out through a multiple case study approach conducted in three Brazilian Engineering Design Firms, which are organized by projects. Document analysis, direct observation and semi-structured interviews with engineers, project managers and executives were conducted.FindingsThe memory acquisition process takes place in five forms which have different sources and destinations when comparing PBOs with traditional organizational settings. Memory retention in PBOs crosses organizational boundaries and establishes a knowledge network of former employees and third parties. The PBOs project memory can be divided into volatile and perennial memory, where the former can be lost throughout project execution and the latter is internalized, becoming an inseparable part of the corporate memory. Memory retrieval in PBOs is also distinct since it has particular mechanisms depending on whether the knowledge is technical or administrative.Originality/valueThe research investigates the corporate memory processes within the volatile context of PBOs in a Latin-American developing country whose culture favors tacit knowledge exchange. The paper proposes a framework that unveils different patterns of knowledge acquisition, temporary and perennial retention structures, intensive usage of external knowledge in memory retrieval and particular memory applications in PBOs. The framework may guide scholars, project managers, engineers and practitioners in navigating through the uniqueness of organizational learning flows and structures in PBOs.

Bridging the void: how institutional entrepreneurship can overcome institutional voids in Indian public organisations

There is limited research on the role of institutional entrepreneurship in public organisations, especially in the context of institutional voids. The public sector entrepreneurs' engagement with regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutional voids in a developing economy is, therefore, examined using institutional work. Through an in-depth longitudinal case study of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in India, institutional creation and disruption processes are identified as interrelated means to address voids in this context. The boundary work supported promising entrepreneurs in challenging settings, whereas legitimacy work helped to spread change outside organisational boundaries. Insights into public sector entrepreneurship in developing countries are offered.

Technology policy, environmental conditions, and R&D organisations' shaping: a combined population ecology and resource dependence perspective

This paper analyses the influence of regional technology policy on the evolution of R&D organisations. Specifically, combining population ecology and resource dependence perspectives, this research examines how technology policies impact environmental conditions of technological centres (TCs) affecting organisational change and surviving. To empirically test our assumptions, this research uses a comparative case study research design analysing changes promoted by the Basque regional technology policy in the environment where the TCs' inhabit, between 1980 and 2000. Our findings shed light to the understanding of policy making in R&D organisations, contributing to the debate on the importance of regional innovation systems, the organisational adaptation to multi actor governance, and the blurring organisational boundaries between public and private spheres of TCs.

SoaML cognition and its potential application to Autonomous Driving: An Empirical Study

Recently, the architectural styles of 5G technology started supporting advance vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services. From standardization viewpoint, Service-oriented architecture Model Language (SoaML) specification has been used to model and design services for reusable environments. However, the system designers made less effort in addressing the issues related to visual representations (notations) in SoaML. In this paper, we present a novel evaluation approach to obtain the cognitive effectiveness of SoaML’s visual notations by applying the scientific principles from Physics of Notations (PoNs). Furthermore, we evaluated results of the cognitive effectiveness of SoaML via survey-based empirical study for reference architecture, intra-cloud space, and organizational boundary symbols. Our results indicate the applicability of the new proposed notations and improvements in cognitive effectiveness of the SoaML notation. For future work, we plan to test the proposed architectural improvements for designing V2X service-based use cases.

The activities of the organizational boundary spanners during the Covid19 pandemic: the case of a profit organization

In the first period of emergency from Covid19, only workplace organizations with essential production activities were able to continue to carry out their work. This required them the implementation of organizational strategies useful to contrast the risk of the pandemic and to protect production performance. The qualitative study conducted in a Lombard company, through semi-structured interviews, aimed at figures with different levels of responsibility, wanted to investigate: (i) which boundary spanning activities were used to manage the emergency? (ii) what factors allowed the effectiveness of the result in terms of contrasting the pandemic and guaranteeing the productivity (iii), what were the perceived effects on the company? Findings highlight the importance of the activities of organizational boundary spanners in emergency management and of those factors that, by supporting the socio-emotional dimension, have determined the organization’s productive advantage.
 
 Le attività dei boundary spanners organizzativi durante la pandemia da Covid19: il caso di un’organizzazione profit.
 
 Nel primo periodo della diffusione dell’emergenza sanitaria da Covid19, solo le organizzazioni lavorative con attività produttive essenziali hanno potuto continuare a svolgere il loro lavoro. Questo ha richiesto loro la messa in atto di strategie organizzative utili a contrastare il rischio della diffusione della pandemia e a salvaguardare la performance produttiva. Lo studio qualitativo condotto, in un’organizzazione profit lombarda, tramite interviste semistrutturate, rivolte a figure con diversi livelli di responsabilità ha voluto investigare: (i) quali attività di boundary spanning sono state utilizzate per gestire l’emergenza? (ii) quali fattori hanno consentito l’efficacia di risultato in termini di contrasto alla pandemia e di garanzia produttività (iii), quali sono state le ricadute percepite sull’organizzazione? I risultati ottenuti evidenziano l’importanza delle attività dei boundary spanners organizzativi nella gestione dell’emergenza e di quei fattori che sostenendo la dimensione socio-emozionale ne hanno determinano il vantaggio produttivo dell’organizzazione.

COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE

This study aims to analyze and describe collaborative governance from public administration, where the dynamics of collaborative governance have involved multi-stakeholders in the policymaking process for the public interest. Collaborative governance has become an important publicity concept for academics. It is designed to respond to implementation failures, high costs, and the politicization of public sector regulations. This study used a systematic literature review technic in the field of public administration in order to obtain concepts relevant to the study of collaborative governance. Data collection techniques by searching from various sources and the latest literature, both from government documents and reports from print and electronic mass media, journals, and books related to public administration and government cooperation. The results showed that the complexity of the relationship between actors in public policy gave birth to a new concept called Collaborative Governance. In short, collaborative governance is a process and structure that involves multiple parties across organizational boundaries. Collaboration describes formal, active, explicit, and collectively oriented public management and policy cooperation. Its basic values are consensus orientation in decision making (goals), collective leadership in institutions (structure), multi-way communication in human relations (interaction), and sharing of resources in action (process). These basic values become a unified whole at every stage of public policy.

The role of new media tools in supporting health awareness for the protection of the Covaid 19 virus

The role of new media tools in supporting health awareness for the protection of the Covaid 19 virus

Knowledge integration in multinational enterprises: The role of inventors crossing national and organizational boundaries

Adopting a microfoundations approach to the analysis of intra-multinational enterprise (MNE) knowledge integration, we focus on mobile inventors and their boundary-spanning experience. Using inventor-patent data on US-based MNEs, we show that intra-organizational cross-border mobility and inter-organizational mobility have respectively a positive and a negative effect on knowledge integration. Cross-border mobility within the MNE enables the temporary co-location of mobile inventors in different units, facilitating the dissemination of their knowledge within the MNE. Conversely, “job-hopping” inventors may remain organizational outsiders, which hinders their ability to foster intra-MNE knowledge integration.

A Comprehensive Study of Anomaly Detection Schemes in IoT Networks Using Machine Learning Algorithms

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of a massive number of smart devices capable of data collection, storage, processing, and communication. The adoption of the IoT has brought about tremendous innovation opportunities in industries, homes, the environment, and businesses. However, the inherent vulnerabilities of the IoT have sparked concerns for wide adoption and applications. Unlike traditional information technology (I.T.) systems, the IoT environment is challenging to secure due to resource constraints, heterogeneity, and distributed nature of the smart devices. This makes it impossible to apply host-based prevention mechanisms such as anti-malware and anti-virus. These challenges and the nature of IoT applications call for a monitoring system such as anomaly detection both at device and network levels beyond the organisational boundary. This suggests an anomaly detection system is strongly positioned to secure IoT devices better than any other security mechanism. In this paper, we aim to provide an in-depth review of existing works in developing anomaly detection solutions using machine learning for protecting an IoT system. We also indicate that blockchain-based anomaly detection systems can collaboratively learn effective machine learning models to detect anomalies.

Examining Open Innovation in Science (OIS): what Open Innovation can and cannot offer the science of science

ABSTRACT Scholars across disciplines increasingly hear calls for more open and collaborative approaches to scientific research. The concept of Open Innovation in Science (OIS) provides a framework that integrates dispersed research efforts aiming to understand the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of applying open and collaborative research practices. While the OIS framework has already been taken up by science of science scholars, its conceptual underpinnings require further specification. In this essay, we critically examine the OIS concept and bring to light two key aspects: 1) how OIS builds upon Open Innovation (OI) research by adopting its attention to boundary-crossing knowledge flows and by adapting other concepts developed and researched in OI to the science context, as exemplified by two OIS cases in the area of research funding; 2) how OIS conceptualises knowledge flows across boundaries. While OI typically focuses on well-defined organisational boundaries, we argue that blurry and even invisible boundaries between communities of practice may more strongly constrain flows of knowledge related to openness and collaboration in science. Given the uptake of this concept, this essay brings needed clarity to the meaning of OIS, which has no particular normative orientation towards a close coupling between science and industry. We end by outlining the essay’s contributions to OI and the science of science, as well as to science practitioners.

Law and urban governance for health in times of rapid change.

SummaryGovernance is an important factor in urban health, and law is an important element of healthy governance. Law can be an intervention local government wields to influence behavior and shape environments. Law can also be an important target of health promotion efforts: Law and the enforcement and implementation behaviors it fosters can promote unhealthy behaviors and environmental conditions, and can act as a barrier to healthy interventions or practices. Finally, law is a design and construction tool for the organization of governance. Law is the means through which cities are formally established. Their powers and duties, organizational structure, boundaries and decision-making procedures are all set by law. Regardless of the form of government, cities have legal levers they can manipulate for health promotion. Cities can use tax authority to influence the price of unhealthy products, or to encourage consumption of healthy foods. Cities can use their legal powers to address incidental legal effects of policies that they themselves cannot control. Cities may also have the authority to use law to address deeper determinants of health. The overall level of income or wealth inequality in a country reflects factors well-beyond a local government’s control, but city government nonetheless has levers to directly and indirectly reduce economic and social inequality and their effects. A renewed focus on law and urban governance is the key to assuring health and well-being and closing the health equity gap.

A core reference ontology for steelmaking process knowledge modelling and information management

Following the trend of Industry 4.0, the business model of steel manufacturing is transforming from a historical inwardly focused supplier/customer relationship to one that embraces the wider end-to-end supply chain and improves productivity more holistically. However, the data and information required for supply chain planning and steelmaking process modelling are normally distributed over scattered sources across organisation boundaries and research communities. This leads to a major problem concerning semantic interoperability. To address this issue, this paper introduces a Common Reference Ontology for Steelmaking (CROS). CROS serves as a shared steelmaking resource and capability model that aims to facilitate knowledge modelling, knowledge sharing and information management. In contrast to most of the existing steelmaking ontologies which merely focus on conceptual modelling, our work pays special attention to the real-world implementation and utilisation aspects of CROS. The functionality and usefulness of CROS is evaluated and tested on a real-world condition-based monitoring and maintenance task for cold rolling mills at Tata Steel in the United Kingdom.