Utilization Of Organic Wastes Research Articles

Investigation of mechanical and thermo-mechanical characteristics of silane-treated cellulose nanofibers from agricultural waste reinforced epoxy adhesive composites

The issue of deforestation has been of considerable concern in recent years. So as to contribute to a solution to this problem a major aim of this study has been to develop a sustainable environment by using agricultural industry waste in structural applications rather than wood. By this way, the study employed cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) derived from red banana empty fruit bunches to solve issues related to landfill gas emissions and the simultaneous utilization of organic wastes. The impact of silane treatment on the physicochemical, thermal, and morphological properties of CNFs was examined. Compression moulding was utilized to make different loading levels of silane-treated CNFs (SCNFs) reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. The resultant nanocomposites were evaluated by using various physical, mechanical, thermal, and micro-structural characterization tests. Properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, glass transition temperature, micro-hardness, thermal stability, and so forth, were evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the size and distribution patterns of the SCNFs in an epoxy matrix. Coefficient of effectiveness, cole-cole plots, and cross-link density studies confirmed the adhesion behavior of SCNFs with epoxy resin as a function of SCNF loading. All the findings led to the conclusion that the SCNF reinforced epoxy composites would make suitable materials for lightweight structural applications.

Agricultural Wastewater Treatment Using Oil Palm Waste Activated Hydrochar for Reuse in Plant Irrigation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Process Optimization

The best possible use of natural resources and the large amounts of trash produced by industrial and human activity is necessary for sustainable development. Due to the threat of global climate change and other environmental challenges, waste management systems are changing, leading to more instances of water resource management. The waste generated must be controlled from a sustainability point of view. Typically, the conventional disposal of Agricultural Wastewater (AW) and biomass can be achieved by recycling, reusing, and converting them into a variety of green products. To improve the AW quality for the purposes of environmental sustainability, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 and 14, dealing with clean water, sanitation, and life below water, are very important goals. Therefore, the present investigation evaluates the effectiveness of a Bench-scale Activated Sludge Reactor (BASR) system for AW treatment. The BASR was designed to focus on getting the maximum possible utilization out of a biosorbent derived from oil palm waste activated hydrochar (OPAH). This is in accordance with SDG 9, which targets inorganic and organic waste utilization for added value. An experiment was developed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 1–3 days was used in the bioreactor’s setup and operation, and Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) concentrations of 4000–6000 mg/L were used. BASR was fed with AW with initial mean concentrations of 4486 ± 5.63 mg/L and 6649 ± 3.48 for the five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) experiments, respectively. The results obtained showed that maximum reductions of 84.66% and 72.07% were recorded for BOD5 and COD, respectively. Through RSM optimization, the greatest reductions in the amounts of organic materials were achieved with a 2-day HRT and an MLSS dosage of 5000 mg/L. Substrate elimination thresholds were assessed using the first-order, the Grau second-order, and the modified Stover–Kincannon models. The reported observations were found to be perfectly fit by the modified Stover–Kincannon model, with high R2 values of 0.9908 and 0.9931 for BOD5 and COD, respectively. As a result, the model may be used to design the BASR system and forecast how the reactor would behave. The findings from this study suggest that the developed OPAH has promising potential to be applied as eco-friendly material for the removal of BOD5 and COD from AW. Consequently, the study findings additionally possess the ability to address SDGs 6, 9, and 14, in order to fulfil the United Nations (UN) goals through 2030.

Household Waste Utilization With Eco-Enzyme Training

Waste is an invaluable or worthless object that exists around the community. Waste is a very serious problem and is also a social, economic, and cultural problem. Daily household waste is inevitable, but there is no serious management of this waste, especially for organic waste. For this reason, it is necessary to handle organic waste by turning waste into more useful products, namely making eco-enzymes. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge and skills about eco-enzymes. This activity was carried out at the Aisyiyah Tarubasan Branch in Karanganom, Klaten with 40 members. The implementation of this service activity was carried out through 2 (two) activities, namely: 1) providing education to members of the Aisyiyah Tarubasan Branch about managing organic waste with eco-enzymes; 2) holding training on the utilization of organic waste in the form of fruit peels, fruit pieces, vegetable pieces into the eco-enzymes

RUMPOS: Pembenah Tanah Alternatif Produk Teknik Konversi Sampah Organik Untuk Meningkatkan Performa Tanaman Budidaya

Various organic wastes from the agricultural industry are abundantly available, easily and cheaply to process into soil conditioner that can be applied to improve SOM content. RUMPOS is an organic soil conditioner produced from organic wastes by conversion techniques to improve the performance of cultivated plants. The aim of the activity is to introduce RUMPOS as an alternative soil conditioner in crop cultivation. Application of RUMPOS soil conditioner in the right way and dosage may give benefits in plant cultivation. This activity is expected to inspire the community on the utilization of organic wastes. One of the options is the conversion into soil conditioner, leading to the establishment of ameliorant manufacturing industry to supply the need for soil quality management East Kalimantan. Organic-based ameliorant application is an effective way to prevent the deterioration of soil quality and excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. This activity was carried out in collaboration with the Kelompok Wanita Tani Mekarsari, Mugirejo Village, Sungai Pinang, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The method used is counseling consisting of presentation of material followed by planting practices and discussions. The result of this activity is in the form of additional knowledge on RUMPOS soil conditioner and its use in the cultivation of vegetables and spice crops. Most of the participants also felt inspired to carry out organic waste treatment activities independently into soil improvement in crop cultivation on their farmland

Penyuluhan dan Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan

At present energy sources are dominated by non-renewable materials which will run out over time, so it is important to introduce elements of society about renewable energy sources that can be obtained from the environment such as biomass from agricultural waste. Kampung Lantosan, Desa Gunung Bayu with a majority population of oil palm farmers as partners have not utilized organic waste when harvesting oil palm so that it accumulates and disturbs the comfort of the environment. PkM activities carried out in partner areas consist of counseling and training on the utilization of organic waste into energy. Through counseling and training activities regarding the processing of palm oil agricultural waste, partners have knowledge about the benefits of organic waste as an energy source and the ability to process organic waste into biopellets. The resulting biopellets are used as stove fuel or fuel in the gasification process to become syngas used by power plants. In addition to that, by utilizing the waste from oil palm agricultural crops, waste is reduced and the environment becomes cleaner.

Assessing the suitability of municipal sewage sludge and coconut bran as breeding medium for Oryza sativa L. seedlings and developing a standardized substrate

The utilization of organic solid waste (OSW) for preparing standardized seedling substrates is a main challenge due to its temporal and spatial variability. This study aims to form models based on data from the literature and validate them through experiments to explore a standardized seedling substrate. The typical OSW in Hainan Province, including municipal sewage sludge (MSS), coconut bran (CB), seaweed mud (SM), and municipal sewage sludge biochar (MSSB), was used as raw material. A series of six mixing ratios was tested, namely: T1 (0% MSS: 90% CB), T2 (10% MSS: 80% CB), T3 (30% MSS: 60% CB), T4 (50% MSS: 40% CB), T5 (70% MSS: 20% CB), and T6 (90% MSS: 0% CB). SM and MSSB were added as amendment materials at 5% (w/w) for each treatment. The physicochemical properties of substrates, agronomic traits of rice seedlings and microbial diversity were analyzed. The results showed that the four kinds of OSW played an active role in providing rich sources of nutrients. The dry weight of the above-ground part was 2.98 times greater in T3 than that of the commercial substrate. Furthermore, the microbial analysis showed a higher abundance of Actinobacteria in T3, representing the stability of the composted products. Finally, the successful fitting of the results with the linear regression models could establish relationship equations between the physicochemical properties of the substrate and the growth characteristics of seedlings. The relevant parameters suitable for the growth of rice seedlings were as follows: pH (6.46–7.01), EC (less than 2.12 mS cm−1), DD (0.13–0.16 g cm−3), and TPS (65.68–82.73%). This study proposed relevant parameters and models for standardization of seedling substrate, which would contribute to ensuring the quality of seedlings and OSW resource utilization.

Enhancing PHA production through metal-organic frameworks: Mechanisms involving superproton transport and bacterial metabolic pathways

The effective fermentation of organic waste for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production is crucial for waste pollution prevention and comprehensive utilization. Glycerol, a common component of organic waste and a by-product of biodiesel production, can serve as a valuable raw material for PHA synthesis. This study explored the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), specifically MOF-808, to enhance the PHA production by Cupriavidus necator (C. necator) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) using glycerol as the substrate. Our results demonstrated that the addition of MOF-808 significantly promoted PHA synthesis without altering the PHA composition. Notably, the proportion of PHA to cell dry weight (CDW) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in both C. necator (from 17.17% to 30.43%) and B. cereus (from 11.30% to 37.93%), with a shortened growth period observed in the latter. The enhanced superproton transport properties of MOF-808 elevated the ATP energy supply level, regulated coenzyme A metabolism, and modulated the PHA synthesis pathway in the bacterial strains. Additionally, MOF-808 improved the utilization of the PHA precursor acetyl-CoA by C. necator, and enhanced the PHA production in B. cereus by facilitating cell growth and PHA synthesis in two distinct stages. Importantly, the recovered MOF-808 structure remained stable, enabling potential recycling. This study provides compelling evidence for the enhancement of PHA production and offers valuable insights into the utilization of organic waste as a valuable resource.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengolahan Sampah Organik Menjadi Produk Eco Enzyme Pada Kelompok PKK Desa Gitik

Community service (PKM) is one of the concrete forms of higher education tridharma. This PKM activity was proposed on the basis of the lack of optimal utilization of organic waste. This service activity is carried out with the aim of empowering the community through processing organic waste into eco enzyme products in the Gitik Village PKK group. The method used is a participatory method, the implementation is carried out in several stages including, namely, material preparation, learning preparation, methods and learning and the results of processing organic waste into eco enzyme products. The results of the dedication show that the training activities have been able to perfectly improve the knowledge and skills of the community in processing organic waste into eco enzymes.

Pembentukan Perilaku Peduli Lingkungan Hidup Desa Sitiaji Kabupaten Bojonegoro

Sitiaji Village is a village located far from the center of Bojonegoro City so that the village has never been socialized regarding environmental awareness by the relevant agencies. Even though currently the government of Bojonegoro Regency has implemented the "ADIBUANA" activity where Sitiaji Village is one of the villages that is required to participate in the program. This service aims to support the implementation of the "ADIBUANA" program in Bojonegoro Regency through the utilization of organic and inorganic waste. This service activity aims to analyze the needs and participation of the community with the method of applying science and technology. After socialization, the community has understood that waste can produce many benefits, for example by collecting organic waste in the surrounding environment to put it in biopore holes, which can later be used as fertilizer. Meanwhile, the use of inorganic waste, especially plastic waste, can be used as eco-bricks. After this service activity, the community is expected to be able to implement the adibuana program in the Sitiaji Village environment. Other community service activities must be carried out to strengthen people who care about the environment with joint activities such as mutual cooperation cleaning regularly, implementing better organic and inorganic waste management.

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH ORGANIK RUMAH TANGGA MENJADI CAIRAN MULTIFUNGI DI DUSUN PANGERAN NATO

Prince Nato Hamlet is one of the hamlets located in Penyengat Olak Village, Jambi Outer City District, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province. Most of this area is planted with coconut trees (Cocos nucifera), areca nut (Areca catechu) and rice (Oryza sativa). The higher the agricultural activity in the hamlet, the impact on the organic waste produced. So far, the community has not managed this organic waste properly, so the Student Community Service Team took the initiative to provide counseling activities about the utilization of organic waste into a multifunctional liquid, namely eco-enzyme.

Empowering Communities Through Household Organic Waste Management: A Case Study in Kajartengguli Village, Indonesia

Empowering Communities Through Household Organic Waste Management: A Case Study in Kajartengguli Village, Indonesia

Empowering Communities Through Household Organic Waste Management: A Case Study in Kajartengguli Village, Indonesia

Household waste, particularly solid waste, poses significant environmental challenges globally, impacting land, water, and air quality. This study aims to address the environmental degradation caused by waste accumulation by implementing a simple waste management approach in Kajartengguli Village, Indonesia. The method involves segregating household waste into organic and inorganic categories, with a focus on the composting of organic waste. By providing socialization and training sessions, the local community, specifically the PKK (Family Welfare Movement) members, were educated about waste management practices and trained in composting techniques. The outcomes revealed that this community engagement initiative increased waste management knowledge and empowered the residents to reduce household waste, particularly in Kajartengguli Village. The program's success lies in its ability to transform organic waste into compost, which not only improves soil fertility but also provides economic benefits through the sale of compost products. The implications of this study highlight the importance of community-driven waste management initiatives in mitigating the global waste crisis and promoting environmental stewardship.&#x0D; Highlight:&#x0D; &#x0D; Household waste management is crucial for mitigating the global waste crisis and reducing environmental pollution.&#x0D; Effective waste management involves segregating organic and inorganic waste, with a focus on composting organic waste.&#x0D; Community engagement programs can empower residents by increasing their knowledge and awareness of waste management practices, promoting the utilization of organic waste as compost, and reducing the population of household waste in the surrounding environment.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keyword:&#x0D; Household Waste Management, Organic Waste, Composting, Community Engagement, Environmental Stewardship

Organic amendment effects on cropland soil organic carbon and its implications: A global synthesis

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) content can promote soil health and crop yield. Organic amendment application is a common practice to accelerate soil carbon sequestration in cropland. The effects of different organic amendments (e.g., compost, slurry) on SOC are uncertain. Previous studies have investigated SOC response to environmental factors but not well addressed the effect of organic amendment characteristics (e.g., source, liquid/solid form, pH). Depending on 1,972 comparisons from 424 articles, we undertook a meta-analysis approach to explore organic amendment effects on SOC content and the related influence factors. The results show that organic amendment addition increased SOC by an average of 26.9% (or 5.1 Mg C ha−1). Specifically, organic amendments can enhance SOC over the long term (>20 years) or within 1.0 m depth. Organic-residue inputs increased more SOC in regions with an arid climate, alkaline soils, or no-mineral nitrogen application soils than the humid climate regions, acidic soils, and nitrogen application soils, respectively. Sewage sludge and municipal solid waste as organic amendments led to high SOC. The organic amendments' pH and liquid/solid form caused significant differences in SOC accumulation. Amendments with a relatively low carbon content or rich nitrogen content have great potential to increase SOC storage. Our results illustrate the importance of amendment characteristics when estimating the potential of organic amendment addition to soil carbon accumulation. This study highlights that amendment application might be a sustainable strategy to increase soil carbon storage while promoting organic waste utilization.

Комплексные органоминеральные удобрения и мелиоранты – экологичный подход к утилизации фосфогипса

One of the modern approaches to solving environmental problems of accumulation and deposition of production and consumption waste is the implementation of “green economy” and “closed cycle” economy models. This approach makes it possible to increase the resource utilization rate and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The study of the possibility of joint disposal of waste from various industries, for example agricultural and industrial waste, is promising in this area. The analysis of the current state of work in this direction is carried out, using the example of the possibilities of joint utilization of phosphogypsum and organic waste. A new eco-friendly approach to the utilization of a large-tonnage secondary material resource – phosphogypsum together with organic waste is proposed. Phosphogypsum acts as a matrix for the production of complex organomineral fertilizers and meliorants of complex composition, the introduction of the organic component of fertilizers is carried out in the finished and neutralized liquid phase. Agricultural waste, municipal waste, s ewage sludge can be the raw materials for the organic component. The effectiveness of the complex organomineral fertilizer an d meliorant based on phosphogypsum (90% by weight) and the liquid fertilizer “Rabiol” with the inclusion of a highly selective sorbent based on molecular imprinted polymers to imazamox, a resistant herbicide of the imidazolinone class, is shown.

Numerical simulation study on the formation and control of HCl during the gasification of industrial organic hazardous waste

The utilization of industrial organic waste instead of coal by high temperature gasification to produce syngas is a promising way to reduce carbon emissions. The distinct property of industrial hazardous waste is characterized as high content of chlorine and volatile organics, which is significantly different from coal-water slurry. Herein, novel numerical models were established to simulate to the formation and control of HCl in the Texaco gasifier, where the chlorine-containing substances were simplified as dichloromethane to describe the mass transfer during the gasification. The models presented a good accuracy with the minimum error of 0.55% in syngas components prediction. The simulation demonstrated that HCl was generated near the nozzle, and the increasing of CaO amount and the decreasing of its particle size had positive effect on dechlorination. However, excessively reducing the size of CaO below 0.1 mm decreased its promoting effect, and high temperature in flame zone inhibited the dechlorination reaction. Therefore, the models developed in this work provided the feasibility of the general numerical simulation method to optimize the operating conditions in order to reduce the corrosion of chlorine to equipment and improve the stability of operation during the gasification process of organic hazardous waste.

Pengolahan Sampah Organik dari Limbah Rumah Tangga Menjadi Produk Eco-Enzyme di Desa Dalaka Kabupaten Donggala

This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of housewives in Dalaka Village by processing organic waste from household waste into eco-enzyme products. This service was implemented through counseling and training in making fermenters and making eco-enzymes with simple and inexpensive methods. The production of eco-enzymes was done using the ratio of 3kg of organic waste, 1 kg of brown sugar, and 10L of water. The instrument for evaluating this activity used a satisfaction questionnaire form and was analyzed descriptively. The results of this dedication showed that partners could understand well the technology introduced and apply it. The resulting eco-enzyme product had a brown color and a distinctive sour aroma. The average level of participant satisfaction was in the "satisfied" range. Utilization of organic waste from household

Domestic Organic Waste: A Potential Source to Produce the Energy via a Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a method that is both effective and environmentally friendly for producing renewable electricity. Several studies have shown that one of the major challenges is the generation of electrons as a result of poor exploitation of organic substrates. One of the most talked about issues in modern molecular fusion is the reutilization of biological organic waste in an MFC. In this article, the effective utilization of domestic organic waste as an organic supply for bacterial species to generate energy was highlighted. The findings that were obtained corresponded to the one-of-a-kind MFC operation in which a voltage of 110 mV was generated in a time span of 12 days during operation with an external resistance of 500 ῼ. With an internal resistance of 117 ῼ, the maximum power density and the current density were recorded 0.1047 mW/m2 and 21.84 mA/m2, respectively. According to the results of the biological study, strains of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter schindleri, and Pseudomonas nitroreducens are the ones responsible for producing energy. In addition, final remarks with proposals for the future have been enclosed.

Correction to: Study on the resource utilization of high fluorine-containing organic waste through fluidized incineration

Correction to: Study on the resource utilization of high fluorine-containing organic waste through fluidized incineration

Organic Solid Waste Management by Producing Eco-Enzymes from Fruit Skin in Permata Tembalang

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2020 estimates that waste dumps in Indonesia will be 67.8 million tons. However, organic waste management in Indonesia is still relatively low. The accumulation of organic waste in the landfill, which usually causes unpleasant odors and potentially cause an explosion due to the production of methane gas from natural decomposition processes, can be avoided by prioritizing waste management from the source. An alternative way to handle organic waste is make eco-enzymes because it is efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly. This is the focus of the community service team. The community service method is carried out in three stages, including the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the final stage. The preparation stage consists of doing a module for sorting organic waste and its utilization (making eco-enzymes). The next phase consists of socialization, education, and training on sorting organic waste and making the right eco-enzymes. The final stage consists of evaluation and making a final report. The expected result after education, socialization, or training has been carried out by the community service team, the community members, especially RT 04 RW 05 Permata Tembalang, know better and understand the sorting and utilization of organic waste.

Analysis of the Utilization of Organic Waste into Biogas Alternative

&lt;p&gt;Abstract— Waste is the main problem experienced by somepeople in Indonesia. The population is getting higher in the spanof a year. Unable with the presence of waste consisting of varioustypes of waste, this problem can be felt, namely negative impactson the surrounding environment, for example the slumenvironment, becoming a source of disease nests, and being atrigger for global warming caused by waste. This study has theaim of analyzing the use of the type of organic waste used foralternative energy, namely Biogas. In this study, we used aliterature review approach. An approach similar to the one usedhere is used to collect various data from previously conductedresearch on topics related to those being discussed here. Animalwaste, fruit and vegetable waste, and other forms of organicwaste can be converted into biogas faster than inorganic waste.For the production of biogas, mixing vegetables together isbetter than cutting them. Biogas that has been processed can beused as alternative energy that can benefit various sectors. Theuse of organic waste into biogas can reduce the problem of wastein Indonesia. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;script id="stacks-wallet-provider" type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://ldinpeekobnhjjdofggfgjlcehhmanlj/inpage.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;script id="stacks-wallet-provider" type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://ldinpeekobnhjjdofggfgjlcehhmanlj/inpage.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;script id="stacks-wallet-provider" type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://ldinpeekobnhjjdofggfgjlcehhmanlj/inpage.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;script id="stacks-wallet-provider" type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://ldinpeekobnhjjdofggfgjlcehhmanlj/inpage.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;