Organic Waste Gas Research Articles

How the USA can feasibly cut methane emissions 30% by 2030: anaerobic digestion of organic waste and various measures in oil and gas production

AbstractThe USA has committed to cutting its emissions of methane, an extremely potent greenhouse gas, by at least 30% by 2030 (‘30 × 30’). This is part of the Global Methane Pledge, signed by 155 countries, to keep global warming within 1.5 °C and thereby to forestall the disastrous effects of ‘runaway climate change’. It will be a major challenge for the USA to reach 30 × 30 and there is no consensus on how to do so. This paper provides a concrete, data‐driven roadmap to indicate how to reach 30 × 30 feasibly, focusing on two enormous sources of methane emissions: organic waste and oil and gas production. It calculates that building approximately 4700 anaerobic digesters (ADs) to process food waste and animal manure would cost about $74.2 billion in capital expenditure (capex) and cut 13.6% of total US methane emissions per year. On average, each project would take roughly 2–6 years to build. Of the various methane mitigation measures analyzed in the oil and gas sectors, the most impactful would be full compliance with the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) revised New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for oil and gas production by 2029. This would cut 17.5% of total US methane emissions annually, at a cumulative capex of $20.7 billion from 2024 to 2029. Together, the 13.6% cut from food waste and manure ADs and the 17.5% cut from full NSPS compliance would amount to a 31.5% reduction, exceeding the 30 × 30 goal. Greater clarity from the federal government on funding eligibility and additional incentives would accelerate the buildout of ADs.

Construction of Co/Mn-based nanowires with adjustable surface state for boosting lean methane catalytic oxidation

In this paper, CoMn based nanowires were in-situ grown on foam nickel by hydrothermal method combined with calcination treatment, and a monolithic methane oxidation catalyst was obtained. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and calcination temperature on the crystal structure, micro morphology and catalytic performance of the catalysts were systematically studied. The results indicated that when the hydrothermal temperature was 160 °C and the calcination temperature was 350 °C, Mn doped Co3O4 nanowires with uniform morphology can be obtained, accompanied by the appearance of CoMn2O4. The introduction of Mn ions caused lattice distortion of Co3O4, achieving the regulation of adsorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen. The monolithic MnCoO/NF–H-160 °C catalyst showed the best catalytic activity (T90 = 414 °C) for lean methane catalytic oxidation, which even surpassed the noble metal based catalyst. Its excellent catalytic activity was due to the fact that the catalyst can expose more active sites, rich active oxygen and good mass transfer characteristics. This study provides a new approach for designing efficient monolithic catalysts and has significant potential for application and development in the field of organic waste gas treatment.

The impact of landfill management approaches on methane emissions.

This article reports on how management approaches influence methane emissions from landfills. The project team created various landfill operational scenarios for different regions of the planet with respect to waste composition, organic waste reduction and landfill gas recovery timing. These scenarios were modelled by applying a basic gas generation model according to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommendations. In general, the IPCC's recommended modelling parameters and default values were used. Based on the modelling undertaken, two options stand out as being the most effective methane mitigation measures in a wide range of conditions throughout the world: (a) early gas recovery and (b) reduction of the amount of biodegradable organic waste accepted in a landfill. It is noted that reduction of organic input to any given landfill can take many years to realize. Moreover, suitable alternative processing or disposal options for the organic waste can be unaffordable for a significant percentage of the planet's population. Although effective, organic waste reduction cannot therefore be the only landfill methane mitigation measure. Early landfill gas recovery can be very effective by applying basic technologies that can be deployed relatively quickly, and at modest cost. Policymakers and regulators from around the globe can significantly reduce adverse environmental impacts from landfill gas emissions by stimulating both the early capture and flaring and/or energy recovery of landfill gas and programmes to reduce the inflow of organic waste into landfills.

Study on the regulation of BiOCl and its mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of toluene

The use of green photocatalytic technology to remove low-concentration organic waste gas has piqued the interest of many people in recent years, and it is expected to be used to solve the problem of disorganized emission of low-concentration waste gas on the factory floor due to its wide range of applications and high catalytic efficiency. To this end, this paper firstly explores and simulates the unorganized emission scenario of toluene from low-concentration organic waste gas in the factory floor; secondly, it investigates the effect of BiOCl photocatalysts obtained by crystal surface modulation and morphology modulation on the performance of photocatalytic degradation of toluene, and in this process, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of toluene is explored by combining material characterization analysis and theoretical analysis. Finally, it was concluded as follows: the BiOCl −010 sample prepared by crystal surface modulation was the optimal catalyst with 94.8% degradation rate of toluene in 120 min. The cyclic experiments and characterization analysis means proved that the catalytic activity of the reacted sample was slightly enhanced while maintaining stability, attributed to the generation of oxygen vacancies. Oxygen vacancies, as defects, can become the center for capturing photogenerated electrons and improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity. Combined with the radical capture experiments and GC/MS analysis, the main pathway of toluene degradation in the course of photocatalytic reaction was deduced, i.e., toluene → benzene → ring-opening products → short chain-like compounds → carbon dioxide + water.

Impacts of Pollutant Emissions from Typical Petrochemical Enterprises on Air Quality in the North China Plain

Under the state’s key surveillance, petrochemical industries are considered polluting enterprises. Even though large-scale petrochemical enterprises follow the complete treatment of combustion waste gas, process waste gas, and volatile organic waste gas pollutants, the impact of pollutant emissions on the regional air quality is unclear. This study used the atmospheric chemical transport model and adopted the subtraction method to simulate the impacts of air pollutant emissions from four typical petrochemical enterprises on regional air quality of the North China Plain. Results indicated that emissions from petrochemical enterprises on surface PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 concentrations mainly contributed to the nearby area, particularly SO2 and NO2. The pollution can be controlled within the boundaries of the petrochemical plants. Petrochemical enterprises had a small SO2 and NO2 contribution with a maximum of up to 4.65% within a 9 km distance. Emissions from petrochemical enterprises contributed less to surface PM2.5 concentrations (less than 0.5%) within a 9 km distance. Surface O3 concentrations driven by petrochemical enterprises did not show near-source distribution characteristics, which were closely related to its complex precursors and secondary reactions. Contributions of petrochemical enterprises to local pollution decreased significantly with the increase in distance. The SO2 and NO2 pollution contributions to the North China Plain remained around 0.1–0.2%, with the maximum contribution occurring in January and July. The maximum contribution of PM2.5 in this region was in April (0.42%) while it was below 0.1% for other months. The pollutant emission from the four typical petrochemical enterprises in the North China Plain had little impact on the concentration of air pollutants in the North China Plain. However, it had a significant impact on the ambient air quality in the region near the enterprise. This study can be useful in analyzing and refining the influence of enterprises on the region.

Photodegradation of xylene isomers: Kinetics, mechanism, secondary pollutant formation potential and health risk evaluation

Photodegradation technology has been widely applied in the purification of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons. However, whether this technology efficiently removes the pollutants to prevent secondary pollution and health risk is still unclear. Here, the photodegradation processes of three xylenes were compared under designed reaction atmospheres and light sources. Xe lamp showed poor photodegradation ability toward xylenes, no matter in N2 or N2+O2 system, while much higher photodegradation performance of xylenes were obtained under ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation, especially in N2+O2+VUV system, where 97.9% of m-xylene, 99.0% of o-xylene or 87.5% of p-xylene with the initial concentration of 860 mg/m3 was removed within 240 min. The xylenes underwent three processes of photo-isomerization, photodecomposition and photo-oxidation to produce intermediates of aromatics, alkanes and carbonyls. Among them, the photo-isomerization products showed the highest concentration percentage (e.g., ≥50% in o-xylene system), confirming that photo-isomerization reaction was the dominated photodegradation process of xylenes. Moreover, these isomerized products not only contributed about 97% and 91% to the formation potential of O3 (OFP) and secondary organic aerosols (SOAFP), but also displayed obvious non-carcinogenic risk, although one of photodecomposition product—benzene showed the highest occupational exposure risk. Therefore, the secondary pollution and health risks of photodegradation products of xylenes were non-ignorable, although the OFP, SOAFP and health risks of the generated products reduced at least 4.5 times in comparison with that of the degraded xylenes. The findings are helpful for the appropriate application of this technology in the purification of industrial organic waste gas.

Development and Application of Extraction Metallurgical Volatile Organic Waste Gas Treatment Technology

Development and Application of Extraction Metallurgical Volatile Organic Waste Gas Treatment Technology

Preferential removal of aromatics-dominated electronic industrial emissions using the integration of spray tower and photocatalysis technologies

Industrial emissions from the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs) are characterized by low concentration and high gas flow rates, and are one of the important sources of toxic and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). They are deleterious to human health and considered as important precursors for the formation of ozone. Herein, we conducted a case study in which an integrated decontamination technique consisting of a spray tower (ST) and photocatalysis (PC) was applied to purify the waste gas emitted from a PCB manufacturing facility. Total of 66 VOCs including halogenated hydrocarbons (HHs), aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs), oxygen-containing hydrocarbons (OVOCs), and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AIHs) were quantified using GC-MS during four sampling events. The results showed that AHs were the largest group (contributing >85.0% of the total VOCs). The average removal efficiency (RE) of VOCs during the nine months’ continuous treatment was 72.39%. High RE was attributed to the following three aspects: the capture efficiencies of HHs with slight water solubility (50.16% of RE) and AIHs with low saturation pressure (54.75% of RE) were improved by the process consisting of ST upstream of PC, whereas AHs was preferentially degraded by PC (61.34% of RE). In addition, the ozone formation potential and the health risk (cancer and non-cancer risks) greatly decreased after the ST-PC treatment. This study suggests that ST-PC technique is a promising approach for removing continuously emitted organic waste gas with low concentration and high gas flow rates, as well as reducing the ozone formation and risk of health hazards.

Study of the Treatment of Organic Waste Gas Containing Benzene by a Low Temperature Plasma-Biological Degradation Method

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the pharmaceutical and chemical industries have been a matter of concern for some years in China. Achieving efficient degradation of chlorobenzene (CB) in waste gas is difficult because of its high volatility and molecular stability. A DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) biological method was proposed to treat chlorobenzene, aiming to control high operating costs and prevent secondary pollution. In this investigation, a DBD biological method was introduced to deal with chlorobenzene by optimization of process parameters. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of chlorobenzene was close to 80% at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 85 s when the inlet concentration was 700 mg·m−3 for the biological method. The degradation efficiency of chlorobenzene reached 80% under a discharge voltage of 7 kV, an inlet concentration of 700 mg·m−3 and an HRT of 5.5 s. The degradation efficiency of an integrated system can be increased by 15–20% compared with that of a single biological system. Therefore, this method can be used as a new way to address chlorobenzene pollution in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.

Coupling effect of side explosion vent and wire mesh on suppressing methane explosion in a closed duct

The coupling effect of the side explosion vent and wire mesh on suppressing methane explosion has been investigated in this study, aiming to prevent huge losses caused by a methane explosion in industrial organic waste gas treatment. It constructed a closed simulation duct with a length of 3000 mm and an internal dimension of 120 mm × 120 mm containing a side explosion vent at different positions, in which flame behaviours and overpressure characteristics accompanying methane explosion were analyzed to get conclusions. The results indicate that side explosion vents located in the same duct section have a similar explosive flame development trend, and the suppression effect is better as closer to the ignition source. Besides, it is necessary to avoid the redevelopment of flame and the backfire downstream of a side explosion vent. In addition, the overpressure released through side explosion vents is significantly suppressed. However, the wave-absorbing and heat-absorbing properties of the wire mesh installed in the duct are only effective for some configurations with low flame speeds. Moreover, the side explosion vent closed to the ignition source effectively suppresses undeveloped flame. In this case, it leads to a complete application of the porous media quenching performance. To sum up, the coupling suppression effect of the side explosion vent and wire mesh on flame is complementary. However, there is an opposite conclusion for the experimental configurations where side explosion vents are downstream of the duct; a high-speed turbulent flame is difficult to be suppressed by the wire mesh and side explosion vent in a flame acceleration mechanism.

Retraction Note to: Research on coastal atmospheric change and Latin dance performance based on target detection network

In recent years, with the progress of industrialization, human demand for natural resources has increased, China’s environmental degradation, and the management and treatment of volatile organic pollutants, etc., will not only become the cause of ozone pollution, but also have a huge impact on human health. In response to this problem, China issued the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan on Air Pollution Prevention and Management in Major Regions” in 2012, which for the first time clearly pointed out the policy on the management of volatile organic pollutants and the strengthening of corporate production, and management of volatile organic pollutants during transportation. Increase the use of low-volatile organic solvents, reduce the use of high-volatile organic solvents, promote the management of organic waste gas pollution, and strengthen the recovery and utilization of organic waste gas. Establish a monitoring system for volatile organic pollutants in major industries and improve the emission standards for volatile organic pollutants. Latin dance is a dance sport introduced to China in 1980, and now China holds Latin dance competitions every year. From an aesthetic point of view, Latin dance is a kind of artistic performance. Skilled Latin dance dancers during the performance can bring wonderful beauty to the audience and stimulate people’s love for this dance movement. Based on the summary of the related content of Latin dance art performance, this article further analyzes the current situation and development trend of Latin dance art performance, hoping to provide some valuable reference materials to promote the development of Latin dance art in China. Through survey methods such as questionnaire surveys and expert interview methods, the artistic performance of Latin dance is investigated.

Design and controllable preparation of Bi2MoO6/attapulgite photocatalyst for the removal of tetracycline and formaldehyde

Herein, based on the natural attapulgite nanofibers and bismuth molybdate photocatalyst, a composite photocatalyst with a unique structure was designed and prepared via a simple solvothermal method. Compared with pure Bi2MoO6, Bi2MoO6/attapulgite had stronger formaldehyde and tetracycline treatment ability. The tetracycline oxidation reaction rate constant and formaldehyde mineralization rate using Bi2MoO6/attapulgite catalyst was 0.0109 min−1 and about 58%, respectively, which was about 1.70 times higher than that of pure Bi2MoO6, respectively. The introduction of attapulgite improved the adsorption performance of Bi2MoO6/attapulgite, increased the light-receiving area and active sites, thus ameliorated the mass transfer efficiency and photon efficiency in the reaction process. The material showed excellent reusability and environmental adaptability and has good application potential. This study proposed a high application prospect of organic waste gas and wastewater treatment technology.

Retraction Note to: Machine learning-based prediction of urban soil environment and corpus translation teaching

In recent years, due to the development of science and technology, the existence of objective factors such as people’s abuse of pesticides and unreasonable development, the soil has been seriously polluted, and its quality has also declined. People’s living environment and the agricultural products they need are also affected by it. Frequent problems have seriously affected the sustainable development of the ecological environment. This article takes the central and western parts of a province as the survey object, uses the methods of geological accumulation index and comprehensive pollution index to analyze the soil pollution status of the survey area, and uses the index soil fertility index to evaluate the soil fertility in the fresh food production area. The AERMOD model was used to calculate the dry sedimentation, wet sedimentation, and total sedimentation of organic waste gas. In addition, in the era of big data, with the emergence and development of artificial intelligence technology, translation technology has developed rapidly and has become the new favorite of the translation industry, which has had an important impact on the translation industry. It also puts forward new requirements for the construction of the corpus. Constructing the ecology of soil environment prediction from the perspective of ecological translation is helpful to construct the connotation of interconnection, mutual restriction and interaction among system components. This thesis is guided by the theoretical thoughts of ecological translation, and tries to explore the advancement of soil environment prediction by constructing an ecological view of translation. Through the application of project management concepts in daily teaching, it can help a student to better master the process and methods of translation and improve their translation ability.

Modification of coconut shell activated carbon and purification of volatile organic waste gas acetone

Modification of coconut shell activated carbon and purification of volatile organic waste gas acetone

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on coastal atmospheric change and Latin dance performance based on target detection network

In recent years, with the progress of industrialization, human demand for natural resources has increased, China’s environmental degradation, and the management and treatment of volatile organic pollutants, etc., will not only become the cause of ozone pollution, but also have a huge impact on human health. In response to this problem, China issued the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan on Air Pollution Prevention and Management in Major Regions” in 2012, which for the first time clearly pointed out the policy on the management of volatile organic pollutants and the strengthening of corporate production, and management of volatile organic pollutants during transportation. Increase the use of low-volatile organic solvents, reduce the use of high-volatile organic solvents, promote the management of organic waste gas pollution, and strengthen the recovery and utilization of organic waste gas. Establish a monitoring system for volatile organic pollutants in major industries and improve the emission standards for volatile organic pollutants. Latin dance is a dance sport introduced to China in 1980, and now China holds Latin dance competitions every year. From an aesthetic point of view, Latin dance is a kind of artistic performance. Skilled Latin dance dancers during the performance can bring wonderful beauty to the audience and stimulate people’s love for this dance movement. Based on the summary of the related content of Latin dance art performance, this article further analyzes the current situation and development trend of Latin dance art performance, hoping to provide some valuable reference materials to promote the development of Latin dance art in China. Through survey methods such as questionnaire surveys and expert interview methods, the artistic performance of Latin dance is investigated.

Example of VOCs waste gas treatment in a pharmaceutical enterprise

This paper introduces the volatile organic waste gas pollution characteristics and the treatment status of chemical pharmaceuticals companies. According to the characteristics of volatile organic waste gas of a pharmaceutical enterprise, after comparing various treatment processes of volatile organic waste gas, the treatment process of alkali washing spray + high efficiency mist eliminator + activated carbon adsorption + nitrogen desorption + condensation was finally adopted. Waste gas treatment scale of 60000m3/h, after stable operation of the equipment. Each emission index reaches the air pollution emission limit stipulated in the “Emission standard of air pollutant for pharmaceutical industry” (GB37823-2019).

Modifying coconut shell activated carbon for improved purification of benzene from volatile organic waste gas

Modifying coconut shell activated carbon for improved purification of benzene from volatile organic waste gas

Research on the Development of Volatile Organic Waste Gas Treatment Technology in Atmospheric Environment

Research on the Development of Volatile Organic Waste Gas Treatment Technology in Atmospheric Environment

Research Progress of Volatile Organic Compounds Waste Gas Treatment Technology

Research Progress of Volatile Organic Compounds Waste Gas Treatment Technology

One‐pot synthesis of meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 and its excellent performance in VOCs adsorption/desorption

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 is used for treating the complicated industrial organic waste gas, owing to its good hydrophobicity, excellent thermal and hydrothermal stability, and lower mass transfer resistance than conventional ZSM‐5, resulting in its great adsorption property for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this paper, different types of meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 (NZ5, MZ5) were prepared using the templates and then characterized by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and so on. The adsorption/desorption performance and diffusion mechanism of VOCs on meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 were further investigated.RESULTSThe meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 (MZ5), prepared with the cationic surfactant, contained not only large and uniform mesopores but also certain amounts micropores. Moreover, it exhibited excellence adsorption performance for organic molecules due to its relatively reasonable porous structure. The rich porous structure might mean that the cationic surfactant had better effects for producing mesopores in zeolite than the organic additives, such as phenyltriethoxy silane. More importantly, it showed the excellent thermal and hydrothermal stability and great desorption property, which was more than 95% within 20 min at 200 °C. Finally, the diffusion mechanism of toluene on the meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 was investigated, which was suitable for Fick's second law under the low adsorption pressure.CONCLUSIONThe meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 (MZ5, NZ5), prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method with the template, exhibited excellent adsorption/desorption performance, thermal and hydrothermal stability and lower mass transfer resistance than the conventional ZSM‐5 (CZ5) for handling the VOCs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry