Organic Rice Farming Systems Research Articles

A preliminary report of integrating sheep farming in combination with adopting biogas technology in organic rice farming systems in upland areas in Indonesia

This study aims to understand the preliminary results of integrating sheep farming in combination with adopting biogas technology in organic rice farming (ORF) systems in upland areas. The research was conducted in upland areas in Grabag Subdistrict Magelang Regency, Central Java Province (UPL1) and Kertasari Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province (UPL2), Indonesia. At each upland area, a demo plot with a 17 m3 digester has been established, and 120 sheep were introduced. A combination of sheep and beef cattle manure was used as a biogas substrate. The soil sample of one and three-year conversion of ORF was collected, and macro and micro minerals were analyzed. The biogas quality was analyzed, including dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and nitrogen-ammonia (N-NH3). The greenhouse (GHG) emissions, including methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O), were measured. The results indicated that C-organic content at three-year conversions of ORF in UPL1 was much lower (P<0.05) than the one-year conversion. The average CH4, CO2, and N2O contents in UPL1 were 661, 477.3, and 0.16 mg/m2/day, respectively. The average CH4, CO2, and N2O contents in UPL2 were 3328, 3038 and 2.42 mg/m2/day, respectively. In UPL1, the proportion of CH4 was 52.5 %, CO2 was 47.4 %, and N2O was 0.01 % while the proportion of CH4 was 57.9 %, CO2 was 42.0 %, and N2O was 0.01 % in UPL2. To conclude, integrating sheep farming in combination with adopting biogas technology in the ORF system improves manure management and provides organic fertilizer, which subsequently reduces the use of artificial fertilizer and avoids GHG emissions.v

Keragaman Serangga Hama dan Musuh Alami Lahan Pertanian Padi Organik (Oryza Sativa L) Desa Rowosari Kecamatan Sumberjambe Kabupaten Jember

The application of organic rice farming systems is a solution to the negative impacts of using chemicals in the application of conventional farming systems. Organic rice cultivation cannot be separated from the presence of insect pests that attack cultivated plants. Naturally, in an ecosystem that is still good, natural enemies are already present in nature without human intervention. The existence of natural enemies in a field can suppress the existing population of insect pests, so that their presence is very helpful in maintaining the balance of the existing insect pest populations. The stability of insect populations in an agricultural ecosystem is largely determined by the high diversity of insect pests and natural enemies found in a field. Thus there is a need for research on the diversity of insect pests and natural enemies as information about which insect families are found on organic rice farming land in Rowosari Village, as well as a consideration for farmers in applying appropriate control methods. This study used yellow pan trap, sweep net and vacuum cleaner insect monitoring tools. The research was conducted on 3 observation plots in the organic rice fields of Tani Jaya II Group, Rowosari Village, Sumberjambe District, Jember Regency. Observations were made 10 times from the vegetative phase to the generative phase of rice aged 7 to 77 days after planting. Observational data were then identified and then analyzed using the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index (H), Evenness Evenness Index (E), Simpson Dominance Index (D), and Margalef Species Richness Index (R). The results showed that there were 7 families of Pest Insects found on organic rice farming in Rowosari Village, including Pyralidae, Alydidae, Grylidae, Cicadellidae, Chrysomelidae, Acrididae, and Nymphalidae. Natural Enemy Insects found were 9 families including Coccinellidea, Coenagrionidae, Gomphidae, Penttomidae, Meoidae, Miridae, Ichneumonidae, Staphylinidae, and Sciomyzidae. Neutral insects found were as many as 4 families, including Muscidae, Vespidae, Tephritidae, and Drosophilidae. The population of insect pests and natural enemies of organic rice farming land in Rowosari Village is quite balanced with a Diversity Index (H') of 2.32 and Species Richness Index (R) of 2.98, Evenness index (E') of 0.77 which is in the almost even and Dominance (D) 0.13 which means not dominating.

Relationship between Farmers’ Characteristics and Organic Farming System Implementation of Paddy Rice with Farmers' Income

Agriculture is an important sector in the national economy, therefore the development priority is placed on development in the economic sector with an emphasis on the agricultural sector. Income in farming activities generally cannot be stable from time to time. The objectives of this study include (1) to determine the relationship between farmer characteristics and farmer income in farmer groups BPP Plumbon District, (2) to determine the relationship between the implementation of organic rice farming systems and farmer income in farmer groups BPP Plumbon District, (3) To determine the relationship between the characteristics of farmers and the implementation of organic rice farming systems with farmers' income in the BPP Farmer Group, Plumbon District. The research design used in this study was a quantitative research with a descriptive survey research technique. The results showed that: (1) there was a moderate relationship between farmer characteristics and farmer income in the BPP Farmer Group in Plumbon District, namely 0,703, (2) there is a moderate relationship between the application of organic rice farming systems and farmers' income in the BPP Farmer Group in Plumbon District, namely 0.643, (3) there is a significant relationship between farmer characteristics and the application of organic farming systems to farmer incomes. Based on the output that tarithmetic X1 = 7.551 and X2 = 5.252> ttable which is 1.998.

A comparative environmental analysis of conventional and organic rice farming in Thailand in a life cycle perspective using a stochastic modeling approach

System stochasticity is an inherent characteristic of agricultural systems. Many studies have been conducted in Thailand to analyze the rice production systems. However, most of the prior work just focused on deterministic approach to investigate the rice production systems while disregarding the system variability. In this study, the conventional and organic rice farming systems in Thailand were compared considering the uncertainties associated with parameters. The system variability was taken into account by employing a stochastic modeling approach. The considered impact categories include global warming, ozone formation (human health), freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial acidification, fine particulate matter formation, freshwater eutrophication, and fossil resource scarcity. The results showed that yield had considerable influence on the environmental profiles of the two systems; organic and conventional farming showed similar results in terms of global warming on a per hectare basis, but the considerable difference was observed on a per tonne basis. The field emissions due to farm inputs were the most significant contributor to most of the impact categories. The fuel used for irrigation, land preparation, and harvesting also contributed significantly to several impact categories. On the other hand, the impacts of inputs production and material transportation were modest. Uncertainty analysis outcomes indicated that there was a noticeable deviation from the deterministic results in terms of global warming and freshwater ecotoxicity. However, when considering the associated uncertainties, no significant difference was observed between the environmental profiles of the two systems.

Development of a low-carbon, healthy and innovative value-added riceberry rice product through life cycle design

Life cycle assessment was applied to a riceberry rice product to support decisions on the development of an innovative, healthy, and low-carbon product to move toward a low-carbon society. The cultivation and processing stages were identified as the key activities generating substantial greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, several strategies were proposed at the cultivation stage: (1) converting from nonorganic to organic rice farming systems, (2) using a seeding machine instead of manual seeding, and (3) employing a drone for spraying pesticides/herbicides to replace ground-based. Other reduction strategies were: (4) using a low-fat and low-sodium formula seasoning, (5) re-designing the packaging, (6) changing the material of the corrugated box, and (7) recycling the corrugated boxes. The results showed that the carbon footprint values could be reduced from 260 to 233 g CO2e per pack of 50 g net weight. These strategies could also reduce the impacts on water scarcity by 84%, freshwater eutrophication by 57%, cancer human health effects by at least 30%, and land use by 3%. The results confirmed that the life cycle design minimizing the carbon footprint value did not shift the impact from global warming to other environmental concerns.

Farmers’ Decision to Adopt Organic Rice Farming in Pringkasap Village

Organic farming is not the only potential solutions to overcome the problems of conventional farming systems by offering positive impacts on health and environment but also to fulfill the growing demand for healthier food. However, the growing demand for organic food was not responded simultaneously by an increase in the supply of organic food. This means that there is opportunity to increase participation of farmers to adopt organic rice farming systems. This study aims to analyze the adoption rate and factors affecting farmer adoption of organic rice farming system. This study used primary data of 32 organic and conventional farmers in Pringkasap Village Subang Regency. The respondents were chosen using census method for organic farmers and purposive sampling for conventional farmers.The data was analyzed used descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results showed that the number of farmers adopted organic rice only 6.25% amongst the 265 rice farmers in Pringkasap Village. The results also showed that education, farmed land, farmer’s perception of the relative advantage of organic farming and number of family members are factors that significantly affect the adoption of organic rice farming in Pringkasap Village.

Nutrients balance under organic rice farming system in Central Java, Indonesia

Understanding and calculation the net nutrient balance in an organic rice farming system is crucial to determine its ability to maintain soil fertility in the long term. The objective of this study is to calculate simple nutrient balances of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) under different sources of organic fertilizer in organic rice farming. The results indicated an imbalance between nutrients, a general surplus for P budget +0.8 to +43.5 kg ha−1 season−1 and deficit for N budgets from -49.2 to +38.5 kg ha−1 season−1; and K -56.8 to +38.6 kg ha−1 season−1. The application of 5t ha−1 of chicken manure combined with 500 kg ha−1 of azolla and 2 t ha−1 of straw compost gave better growth, yield and positive N, P, K balance for local rice variety Mentik Wangi.

Study on Development of Organic Rice Farming System Leading by Local Government and Expert Organic Farmers : A Case Study in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Study on Development of Organic Rice Farming System Leading by Local Government and Expert Organic Farmers : A Case Study in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Analysis Study of Mentik Wangi Cultivar’s Effect on Technical, Allocative, and Economic Efficiency of Organic Rice Farming in Mojosongo District, Boyolali Regency, Indonesia

This study is a qualitative and quantitative research that explored about mentik wangi cultivar rice production in organic rice farming system. Mentik wangi cultivar is a local rice seed originating from Magelang Regency, Central Java, which has an advantage in its distinctive aroma that smells naturally nice with a fluffier rice texture, so that it is much sought after by the people of Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the effect of mentik wangi cultivar rice production on technical, allocative and economic efficiency of organic rice farming. The observation was conducted in Dlingo Village, Mojosongo District, Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study was conducted on 216 organic rice farmers as a sample from 521 farmers as a population during two planting seasons with a purposive sampling method. This research uses a stochastic frontier approach on production, cost production and profit function with cross section data. The results of this research are mentik wangi cultivar is the most dominant variable influencing production, production cost and profit efficiency compared to other varieties (IR64 and pandan wangi) with coefficient values of 0.0424, -0.0826, and 0.2159.

Dukungan Penyuluhan dan Lingkungan Ekternal terhadap Adopsi Inovasi dan Keberlanjutan Usaha Pertanian Padi Organik

<em>The implementation of organic rice farming requires farmers who have different behaviors from the knowledge, attitudes and skills of farming that has been built up so far. The purpose of this research was to analyze the agriculture extension support, analyze the external support, and analyze the factors that influence adoption of innovation and the sustainability of organic rice farming. Research locations in Bondowoso District and Banyuwangi District, East Java Province. The sample of this study amounted to 224 respondents from 670 populations of organic rice farmers. The research method used surveys to get quantitative data and deepened with qualitative data. Analysis techniques with descriptive analysis and Structural Equition Model. The results showed that agricultural extension support in the low category. The indicators of extension subject, capability of extension advisor and intensity of agricultural extension in the high category. The indicator of variable external support such as policy support, farmers group support, and information access in th high category. The level of implementation organic rice farming in the indicators of economy, social, and environment aspect was in the high category. The factor that influence the adoption of innovation was agricultural extension support. The factors that influence the implementation of sustainability of organic rice farming systems were (1) innovation adoption, (2) agricultural extension support, and (3) external support.</em>

Program Analysis and Implementation of Rice Organic Farming System in Semarang Regency

The Republic of Indonesia Government through the Ministry of Agriculture has launched a program of “ Go to Organic 2010” in order to accelerate the development of organic agriculture in some regions of Indonesia. This research aims to study the implementation of organic rice farming systems in District of Susukan , Semarang Regency. Specifically, the objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the program implementation of organic rice farming in the district of Susukan Semarang Regency , and (2) to e valuate the implementation of organic rice farming systems in terms of organic farming standards. The experiment was conducted in the Susukan District of Semarang Regency ranging from April to August 2013. Primary data were obtained from direct observations in the field using a questionnaire at predetermined sample area. Variable s observed include correspondence between the implementation of organic rice farming in the community with organic farming criteria. The results showed that the farmers have implemented Organic Rice Farming Systems ( ORFS ) with a percentage of 83.3 percent and Conventional Farming Systems (CFS ) 16.7 percent. The government has had a policy of organic rice farming, among others in the form of socialization in the development of organic rice farming and technical guidance in the development of organic rice farming. In general, community in the Susukan District of Semarang Regency has know n environmentally farming of organic rice farming. In the rice farming community has grown organically and still need to be developed. Basically organic paddy cultivation in the district of Susukan District of Semarang Regency actually can not be said to be fully as organic rice farming, or more accurately called as semi-organic farming systems. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

EVALUATION OF ORGANIC RICE AGRICULTURE SYSTEM (ORAS) IN THE SEMARANG DISTRICT

Along with the increasing public awareness of environmental issues, health, and food safety and quality and make awareness of the importance of organic farming in several countries around the world, including in Indonesia is increasing rapidly. This study aims to analyze the program and implementation of organic rice farming system in the District of Semarang. The research was conducted in the District of Semarang District Susukan starting from April 2013 until August 2013. Secondary data used for the analysis and evaluation of organic rice farming program from the data of 5 (five) years. Secondary data were obtained from farmer groups and related agencies such as the Department of Agriculture, Plantation and Forestry, Bappeda, as well as the Agricultural Extension Center. Primary data obtained from direct observations in the field using the questionnaire in the sample set. Primary data from observational observations made in the current year at the sites. Variable / fenomea observed include compatibility between the implementation of organic rice farming in the community with the criteria of organic farming. The results showed that farmers have carried out SPPO with a percentage of 83.3 percent and 16.7 percent SPK. Basically, organic rice cultivation activities in Semarang district actually can not be said to be fully as organic rice farming, or more accurately described as semi-organic farming systems.

PENDAPATAN PETANI PADI SAWAH PENGGUNA PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK DI KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU (OKU) TIMUR

Today eco-friendly rice farming system becomes interesting agribusiness among farmers, traders and regulators. The use of organic fertilizers as one of eco-friendly components in rice farming system is still low. In some rice production center the farmers of organic rice farming system looks higher than non-organic farmers. The question is: is there any difference among farmers whom use organic, semi-organic and inorganic fertilizers statistically? This research aims to know the difference of rice farmer income (organic and inorganic fertilizer) in East Ogan Komering Ulu (East-OKU), South Sumatra. The method used in this research is comparative analysis (independent t-test). The sample farmers are classified into the three clusters. The research shows that the contribution fertilizer cost from semi-organic farming is higher than full organic and inorganic farming. On the other side, t-test result shows that there is no different income among three kinds of using fertilizer.Key words: income, farming, full organic, semi organic, inorganic fertilizer.

ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH APLIKASI PERTANIAN ORGANIK ( Studi Kasus Di Desa Sumber Ngepoh, Kecamatan Lawang ) Kabupaten Malang MT 2009 – 2010

<p>The application of organic farming on rice farming in Indonesia is still new to know. The farming interested if efficiency economics. The meaning efficiency economics if the technical efficiency. This research aimed to evaluate the performance of organic rice farming systems, focusing on: (1) identifying the range of application of organic farming on rice farming, (2) analyzing the productivity and income from applying organic farming, and (3) analyzing the technical efficiency of applying organic farming and identifying factors that influence it.<br />The study was conducted in Malang Regency with take sample Sumber Ngepoh village, Lawang, Malang. This village is purposively taken because this is only a village in East Java which has obtained a certificate as a producer of organic rice from Organic Certification Agency. Furthermore, farmers did not interested application of organic farming. The sample of farmers 120 respondents selected by using non-proportionate stratified random sampling among those applying organic rice farming. The data are anal<br />The results at the study stage show that there was diversity between implementing organic and agricultural organic farming system. This diversity reached only 8,33 percent application of organic rice farming of the total land area, while the rest was still in the transitional stage of applying organic system. The application of organic rice farming must independently be able to increase production and income of the farmer. <br />Judging from the level of technical efficiency, the application of organic rice farming is generally quite high, above the value of TE (technical efficiency) 0.8, while applying an independent organic farming has higher technical efficiency than others. Determinant of technical efficiency is the practice of Sekolah Lapang or Field School and the independence of farmers in affording resources locally.</p><p>Keywords: Technical efficiency, independence of rice farming system, Organic farming applications.<br /><br /></p>

ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH APLIKASI PERTANIAN ORGANIK ( Studi Kasus Di Desa Sumber Ngepoh, Kecamatan Lawang ) Kabupaten Malang MT 2009 – 2010

The application of organic farming on rice farming in Indonesia is still new to know. The farming interested if efficiency economics. The meaning efficiency economics if the technical efficiency. This research aimed to evaluate the performance of organic rice farming systems, focusing on: (1) identifying the range of application of organic farming on rice farming, (2) analyzing the productivity and income from applying organic farming, and (3) analyzing the technical efficiency of applying organic farming and identifying factors that influence it.<br />The study was conducted in Malang Regency with take sample Sumber Ngepoh village, Lawang, Malang. This village is purposively taken because this is only a village in East Java which has obtained a certificate as a producer of organic rice from Organic Certification Agency. Furthermore, farmers did not interested application of organic farming. The sample of farmers 120 respondents selected by using non-proportionate stratified random sampling among those applying organic rice farming. The data are anal<br />The results at the study stage show that there was diversity between implementing organic and agricultural organic farming system. This diversity reached only 8,33 percent application of organic rice farming of the total land area, while the rest was still in the transitional stage of applying organic system. The application of organic rice farming must independently be able to increase production and income of the farmer. <br />Judging from the level of technical efficiency, the application of organic rice farming is generally quite high, above the value of TE (technical efficiency) 0.8, while applying an independent organic farming has higher technical efficiency than others. Determinant of technical efficiency is the practice of Sekolah Lapang or Field School and the independence of farmers in affording resources locally.<br /><br />Keywords: Technical efficiency, independence of rice farming system, Organic farming applications.<br /><br />