Organic Pollutants In Water Research Articles

TiO2/HTiOF3 composites were made in a one step hydrothermal process for highly effective RhB degradation

In order to solve the pollution problem of organic pollutants in water, this study proposed a photocatalyst that efficiently utilizes sunlight, and TiO2/HTiOF3 photocatalytic materials were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method and used for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) solution under simulated sunlight. The effect of time and urea addition on the performance of the material was investigated, and the results showed that the sample with a reaction time of 12 h and a urea addition of 0.05 g exhibited 97 % degradation efficiency and the best photocatalytic degradation activity for RhB solution, which was attributed to the construction of a traditional type II heterojunction of the TiO2/HTiOF3 nanocomposite, which improved the carrier separation rate and maintained a strong redox capacity. This work contributes to the construction of efficient semiconductor photocatalytic nano-heterostructures. The preparation of TiO2/HTiOF3 composites by one-step hydrothermal method provides a new idea for the development of catalysts.

Efficient heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate by manganese-doped LaCoO3 perovskites for metronidazole degradation: A mechanistic study and reaction pathways

Herein, manganese-doped perovskites LaCo1−xMnxO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2) were synthesized by the so-gel process to dominantly activate PMS for Metronidazole (2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol (MNZ) degradation. The results revealed that the MNZ degradation rate under the LaCo0.8Mno.2O3/PMS system reached 99.42 % in 30 min with a rate constant of 0.1616 min−1, which is significantly higher than the LaCoO3/PMS system under optimal reaction conditions (LaCo0.8Mn0.2O3 = 0.4 g/L, [PMS] = 0.4 mM, [MNZ] = 15 mg/L, pH = 7, T = 25 ± 2 °C). LaCo0.8Mn0.2O3 has demonstrated a higher surface area (44.35 m2g−1) as compared to pristine LaCoO3 (7.89 m2g−1), suggesting that Mn doping remarkably improves the catalytic activity and provides more active sites to the LaCo0.8Mn0.2O3/PMS to increase MNZ degradation efficiency. Meanwhile, the impact of various influencing factors and associated anions on MNZ degradation was examined. On the surface of LaCo0.8Mn0.2O3, photogenerated electrons and the conversion of Co2+/Mn3+ to Co3+/Mn4+ both played a part in PMS activation for MNZ degradation. The changes in valence states of elements were further corroborated through XPS analysis, which confirmed the potential application of the LaCo0.8Mn0.2O3 catalyst in MNZ degradation process. The generation of SO4•−,HO•, and 1O2 was confirmed through radical quenching studies and further validated by EPR measurements. It is evident from results that SO4•−, contributed significantly towards the degradation of MNZ along with minor role of HO•, and 1O2. This study presents insight into the improvement of new perovskite catalysts for the elimination of organic pollutants in water.

Concave microlens arrays with tunable curvature for enhanced photodegradation of organic pollutants in water: A non‐contact approach

AbstractSolar‐driven photodegradation for water treatment faces challenges such as low energy conversion rates, high maintenance costs, and over‐sensitivity to the environment. In this study, we develop reusable concave microlens arrays (MLAs) for more efficient solar photodegradation by optimizing light distribution. Concave MLAs with the base radius of μm are fabricated by imprinting convex MLAs to polydimethylsiloxane elastomers. Concave MLAs possess a non‐contact reactor configuration, preventing MLAs from detaching or being contaminated. By precisely controlling the solvent exchange, concave MLAs are fabricated with well‐defined curvature and adjustable volume on femtoliter scale. The focusing effects of MLAs are examined, and good agreement is presented between experiments and simulations. The photodegradation efficiency of organic pollutants in water is significantly enhanced by 5.1‐fold, attributed to higher intensity at focal points of concave MLAs. Furthermore, enhanced photodegradation by concave MLAs is demonstrated under low light irradiation, applicable to real river water and highly turbid water.image

Enhanced activation of PMS by a novel MnFe2O4@N-PC-GM composite for rapid 1-naphthol degradation: Formation and mechanism of singlet oxygen

A novel magnetic catalyst, MnFe2O4 functionalized N-doped porous carbon/geopolymer (MnFe2O4 @N-PC-GM) composite, was synthesized using pine cones and geopolymer as precursors for efficient and sustainable removal of 1-naphthol. Experimental results indicated that MnFe2O4 particles were distributed in in the structure of N-PC-GM carrier, greatly increasing the number of active sites. The removal ratio of 1-naphthol was up to 86.06% in MnFe2O4 @N-PC-GM/PMS system, and the degradation process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.996). Quenching experiments and EPR analysis validated that 1-naphthol was degraded in MnFe2O4 @N-PC-GM/PMS system mainly through a non-radical oxidation pathway dominated by 1O2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and degradation experiments in different gas atmosphere demonstrated that the sources of 1O2 were closely related to the existence of oxygen vacancies (OVs), the conversion of dissolved oxygen as well as the introduction of active sites (N, Mn and Fe). Furthermore, the good degradation rate of 1-naphthol in real water confirmed the feasibility of MnFe2O4 @N-PC-GM/PMS system in practical application. This work provided a new strategy for the treatment of persistent organic pollutants in water.

A novel porous and highly efficient Fe-Ce-Co nanoparticles anchored in biochar derived from coconut husk for photo-Fenton degradation of binary mixtures of dyes

In this study, Fe-Ce-Co@BC, a biochar-based nanocatalystmaterial, was synthesized and used for the photocatalytic decomposition of hazardous dyes (Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue) in open exposure to the sun. The Fe-Ce-Co@BC photocatalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), in order to determine its structure, composition and morphology. For an accurate evaluation of the nanocatalyst sample's optical characteristics, UV–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry was used. The photocatalytic ability of the as-synthesized nanocatalyst was evaluated by analyzing dye degradation under visible light irradiation. Data from SEM, TEM, XRD, HRTEM, and XPS showed that the expected nano-catalyst had formed. From the nanocatalyst band-gap position, it implies a substantial decrease in the rate of electron-hole recombination and thereby improved charge separation. Thus, it turned out that the nanocatalyst's effective photocatalytic activity had resulted from the synergistic interactions between the various moieties. Under visible light irradiation for 35 and 25 min, the photocatalyst was observed to degrade the developing organic water pollutants RhB and MB by 94.24 ± 1.21% and 96.34 ± 1.42%, respectively. Pseudo-first order kinetics were used to guide the photodegradation, with specific reaction rates of 0.1117 and 0.1364 min−1, respectively. Investigations have also been done into how other factors, including contact duration, catalyst dosage, starting concentration, and water matrices, affect degrading performance. The current study achieves its goal of creating a nano-photocatalyst with excellent photostability and reusability that is effective in the visible area of the electromagnetic spectrum and can break down emergent, non-biodegradable organic components water pollutants.

Efficient removal of tetracycline hydrochloride by high entropy oxides in visible photo-Fenton catalytic process

ABSTRACT A novel type of oxide material, high entropy oxide (Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2)3O4 (MFO) composites with spinel structure were successfully synthesized by a simple solution combustion in this paper, and it was first applied to the degradation of antibiotic organic pollutants in water by photo-Fenton. SEM and BET characterization showed that the composite was porous and had a large specific surface area. XPS results showed that Fe, Mn, Cu, Co and Ni all participated in the redox reaction of the catalytic process. The redox pairs of Mn2+/Mn3+, Cu+/Cu2+, Co2+/Co3+, Ni2+/Ni3+ can accelerate the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cycling in MFO to activate H2O2 and produce more reactive oxygen species. The catalytic performance of MFO composite was investigated using tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) as a model pollutant. The results displayed that the degradation rate of TC-HCl by MFO was 92.9% when the initial pH was 4, the dose of H2O2 was 50 mM, and the irradiation time was 60 min. The high entropy oxide MFO composites could build up an internal electric field, which restrains electron–hole recombination, improves the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers and maximize photocatalytic property. In addition, the free radical capture experiment determined that the main active species of the degradation reaction were e−, •O2 − and •OH. The synergistic effect of the five components in the high entropy oxide strengthens lattice distortion and defects, increases oxygen vacancies, and thus has enhanced catalytic effect for TC-HCl degradation. This work shows that high entropy oxides have excellent catalytic performance for tetracycline organic pollutants, and it is speculated that high entropy oxides have good application prospects in the field of advanced oxidation technology for the degradation of organic pollutants.

Synergistic photogeneration of reactive oxygen species by Fe species self-deposited on resorcinol-formaldehyde towards the degradation of phenols under visible light

In this study, a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst of Fe species/resorcinol-formaldehyde (Fe/RF) was synthesized in the degradation process of phenols under visible light in a homogeneous photo-Fenton system. The in situ generated H2O2 by bare RF in the medium and the follow-added Fe2+ can construct homogeneous photo-Fenton system, and Fe/RF heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst was formed after the reaction through Fe species self-deposition. Due to the addition of Fe2+, more hydroxyl radical (·OH) generated in the homogeneous Fenton system, which lead to the higher degradation efficiency of phenols that achieved 90.5 % with 150 min. Fe/RF was subsequently formed and more C=O functional group in the structure appeared, which was beneficial to the production of H2O2. The above-mentioned results can be proved by the involved calculation and experimental results. Fe species, including Fe2+ and Fe3+, were beneficial to the conversion of reactive oxygen species (ROSs), and further improved the degradation efficiency of Phenols. Since the existence of photo-generated electrons, Fe2+ concentration in the solution can maintain a stable level. Interestingly, the degradation efficiency of Phenols was higher when Fe3+ was used instead of Fe2+ as the additive, which may be caused by the promotive effect of Fe3+ on singlet oxygen (1O2) generation. In addition, the degradation efficiency of Phenols under alkaline conditions was higher than that under acid conditions, which broke the limit of traditional Fenton process that works mostly in acidic medium. This study shows promising results in terms of synergistic photocatalytic/photo-Fenton processes for the degradation of organic pollutants in water.

A comprehensive insight on plasma-catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water: Comparison between ZnO and TiO2

A novel system combining underwater plasma bubbles and high voltage nanopulses was combined for the first time with ZnO and TiO2 for the degradation of organic pollutants in water. The effect of catalyst loading, discharge power and plasma gas on pollutant degradation was investigated whereas the plasma-catalytic mechanism was explored through the quantification of plasma species, COD/TOC measurements and scavenging experiments in the presence and absence of catalysts. The increased efficiency in the presence of either ZnO or TiO2, especially under plasma gases (air and oxygen) able to produce UV radiation in the range of wavelengths absorbed by both catalysts, lies on the increased concentration of the critical reactive species (e.g. ·O2−, ·ΟΗ, H2O2). Compared to plasma alone process, H2O2 was significantly enhanced in the presence of TiO2 and decreased in the presence of ZnO, whereas ·OH concentration was higher in the plasma-ZnO but lower in the plasma-TiO2 system which supports the overall superior performance of ZnO compared to TiO2. The synergy of plasma-ZnO process compared to that of plasma-TiO2 was ∼2.4 and ∼1.5 times higher for Orange II (OII) and Methylene Blue (MB), respectively, exhibiting a very low electrical energy per order (1.4 kWh m−3 for OII and 0.31 kWh m−3 or MB). The present effort contributes on providing fundamental insights and further expand of plasma-catalysis for water treatment.

An ultrasonic-assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and application of Nano-Fe3O4/TiO2 as nano-catalyst for the removal of organic dye by Like-Photo-Fenton reactions

In this research, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were used to synthesize TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposites via solvothermal ultrasonic-assisted method. Obtained nanomaterials Fe3O4 and TiO2-Fe3O4 were structurally characterized by UV–visible, XRD, and SEM-EDS. Synthesized nano-catalysts were tested as catalysis of organic dye degradation. Furthermore, an optimization study was conducted to evaluate selected TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposites to degrade Methylene Blue (MB) in an aqueous solution through Fenton-like reactions. Several experimental variables, including pH (from 2 to 8), H2O2 concentration (from 10-2 to 5.10-1M), catalyst amount (20 to 80 mg), and target organic compound concentrations, were tested in order to optimize the Fenton-like catalytic activity of the TiO2-Fe3O4 as a nano-catalyst to degrading MB under ambient light conditions (natural sunlight). The results showed that TiO2-Fe3O4 had an efficient degradation rate of up to 85% for MB at the optimal pH 3, H2O2 at 10-1M and 40 mg/L catalyst amount. Also, the results showed the good reusability of TiO2-Fe3O4 as a nanophotocatalyst. Also, based on the results of the scavenging agent experiments, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals play an important role in methylene blue (MB) photodegradation. Finally, a possible mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of MB was proposed. In this study, the synthesis and application of TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a nano-catalyst in the Fenton-like oxidation process demonstrated a promising eco-friendly method for treating organic pollutants in water.

Palladium nanoparticles on polydimethylsiloxane film for C−C coupling reactions, and catalytic reduction of organic pollutants in water

AbstractIn this study, we present a novel method for immobilizing Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) support (Pd NPs@PDMS). To enhance the stability of Pd NPs on the PDMS surface, we functionalized a PDMS thin film with amine groups. The structure and morphology of the resulting Pd NPs@PDMS material were characterized using various techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Furthermore, we investigated the catalytic performance of the Pd NPs@PDMS nanocatalyst for the reduction of well‐known environmental pollutants, such as 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), 2‐nitrophenol (2‐NP), 4‐nitroaniline (4‐NA), Methyl Orange (MO), Methylene Blue (MB), and Congo Red (CR), in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at room temperature (RT). Additionally, we explored the application of the prepared nanocatalyst in carbon‐carbon (C−C) coupling reactions, specifically Suzuki Miyaura and Sonogashira reactions. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the high efficiency and environmentally friendly nature of Pd NPs@PDMS as a catalyst for both C−C coupling reactions and the degradation of organic pollutants.

Electrochemically enhanced activation of Co3O4/TiO2 nanotube array anode for persulfate toward high catalytic activity, low energy consumption, and long lifespan performance

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can directly degrade and mineralize organic pollutants (OPs) in water by generating reactive oxygen species with strong oxidizing ability. The development of advanced electrode materials with high catalytic performance, low energy consumption, no secondary pollution, and long lifespan has become a challenge that must be addressed in this field. A heterojunction catalyst loaded with Co3O4 on TDNAs (Co3O4/RTDNAs) was designed and constructed by a simple and efficient pyrolysis (Co3O4/TDNAs) and electrochemical reduction. Co3O4 can be uniformly distributed on the inner wall and surface of the TiO2 nanotubes, enhancing the specific surface area while forming a tight conductive interface with TiO2. This facilitates rapid transmission of electrons, thereby assisting Co3O4 in quickly activating PS to form reactive oxygen species. The Ti3+ and Ov generated in Co3O4/RTDNAs can significantly improve the electrocatalytic degradation of OPs. Also, the interface formed by Co3O4 and RTDNAs will effectively suppress Co2+ leakage, thereby reducing the risk of secondary pollution. When the reaction conditions were 1 mM PMS (PDS) and a current density of 5 mA/cm2 in the EA-PMS (PDS)/Co3O4/RTDNA system, 30 mg/L TC can achieve 83.24 % (81.89 %) removal in 120 min, with very low cobalt ion leaching, while the energy consumption was reduced significantly. Therefore, EA-PS/Co3O4/RTDNA system has strong stability and a high potential for treating the OPs in AOPs.

Facile Prepared Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as a Nano-Catalyst on photo-Fenton process to remediation of methylene blue dye from water: Characterisation and Optimization

<p>In this research, a simple method for the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) with an average size of 38.05 nm via co-precipitation was investigated. X-ray diffraction (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These Fe3O4NPs were then used as nano-catalysts to degrade Methylene Blue (MB) in an aqueous solution via the Photo Fenton-like process. Also, under room solar light and low temperature, the photocatalytic activity of Fe3O4NPs for degrading MB was optimized through various experimental factors such as pH (ranging from 2 to 8), H2O2 concentration (from 10-2 to 5 × 10-1), catalyst amount (20 to 60 mg), and target organic compound concentrations (10 to 40 mg/L). The optimal experimental conditions were found to be a pH of 3, a dye concentration of 40 mg/L, and 40 mg of Fe3O4NPs as nano-catalyst. These conditions led to a high degree of removal (>86%) of MB dye from water. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the suitable model to describe the degradation of MB dye with a coefficient value of 0.969. From this, it was concluded that Fe3O4NPs could act as an effective nano-catalyst for a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to eliminate organic pollutants in water and wastewater. Keywords: Fe3O4Nps, structural characterization, BM degradation, photo-Fenton Oxidation process, pseudo-first-order Model, Nanocatalyst.</p>

Cold atmospheric plasma: a sustainable approach to inactivating viruses, bacteria, and protozoa with remediation of organic pollutants in river water and wastewater

Innovative technologies are needed to enhance access to clean water and avoid waterborne diseases. We investigated the performance of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a clean and sustainable approach for microbial inactivation and total organic carbon (TOC) degradation in environmental water. Water matrices played a crucial role in the performance of CAP efficacy; for example, complete removal of ɸX174 from dH2O required 1 min of treatment, while ɸX174 reductions of ~ 2log10 and 4log10 were obtained after 10 min of CAP exposure in river water and wastewater samples, respectively. Similarly, after 10 min of CAP treatment, bacterial concentrations decreased by 3 log10 and 4 log10, in river and wastewater samples, respectively. In contrast, after 30 s of contact time, a 4 log10 reduction of bacteria was accomplished in dH2O. Complete removal of Acanthamoeba from dH2O was found after 30 min of CAP treatment, whereas it was not removed from surface water or wastewater at the same exposure time. Additionally, the approach successfully reduced TOC, and the degradation kinetics of TOC were represented by pseudo-first-order. CAP showed higher rates of TOC degradation in the final effluent of the wastewater treatment plant compared to surface water. The difference in CAP performance between river water and wastewater could be attributed to the bulk structure of humic acids in river water compared to small organic byproducts in the final effluent of WWTP. Overall, the findings reported here support the idea that CAP holds promise as a sustainable solution for controlling pathogens, removing organic water pollution, and integrating with traditional purification processes. Low-cost systems may advance CAP technology and increase its widespread use.

FeS and Fe3O4 Co-modified biochar to build a highly resistant advanced oxidation process system for quinclorac degradation in irrigation water

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on sulfate radical (SO4·-) produced by peroxymonosulfate (PMS), can effectively mineralize refractory organic pollutants. However, the coexistence of anions and natural organic matters in actual wastewater prevents the application of AOPs. A simple one-step method was used to prepare FeS/Fe3O4 co-modified biochar materials (FFB) that could activate PMS to degrade quinclorac (QNC) with a removal rate of 100%, even exhibiting optimum degradation of QNC reached 99.31% in irrigation water, demonstrating excellent anti-interference performance for co-existing anions and natural organic matter. Meanwhile, ecotoxicity analysis showed that the toxicity of degradation intermediates was lower than that of QNC. Characterization results demonstrated the even distribution of FeS and Fe3O4 onto biochar, supplying abundant Fe2+ to activate PMS producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the generated Fe3+ after reactive continue to be reduced with sulfur species to promote the cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+. The coexistence of ·OH, SO4·-, 1O2, and O2·- in the FFB/PMS-QNC system suggest the possession of two pathway with free radical and non-free radical pathways to degrade QNC. The density functional theory (DFT) was used to analyze the adsorption sites and adsorption energy of PMS, as well as the differential charge density, which further proved the generation of SO4·-, O2·- and 1O2. In addition, the electrochemical test results showed that electron transfer also played an important role in the degradation of QNC. This study provides a feasible approach for the removal of organic pollutants in actual water.

Synthesis and Characterization of Crystalline Graphene-Titania Nanocomposites as Efficient Photocatalysts for Pollution Control

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is reported to exhibit high degradation efficiency to degrade organic water pollutants without any decomposition thereby acting as an excellent photocatalyst. The catalytic performance of pure TiO2 (T1) can even be enhanced by incorporating graphene forming graphene-TiO2 (GT1) nanocomposite. We suggest, a modified sol-gel method for synthesizing T1 and GT1 nanocomposites and they were characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-visible spectra, TEM and XPS techniques. The removal efficiency of organic dye, methylene blue, was investigated by the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of GT1 nanocomposite under daylight irradiation. Degradation studies revealed that more than 90% methylene blue dye removal was achieved with 3 mg GT1 with an initial concentration of 10-4 M under an irradiation time of 1 h.

Spectrophotometric determination of COD based on synergistic photocatalysis redox reaction using titanium dioxide nanoparticles and phosphomolybdic heteropoly acid

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is one of the important indicators to measure the degree of organic pollution in water. In this work, a rapid spectrophotometric method for detection of COD was achieved based on the oxidation of organics in water by photogenerated holes or free radicals and the reduction of phosphomolybdic heteropolyacid by photogenerated electrons by using TiO2 nanoparticles as a photocatalyst. Taking potassium hydrogen phthalate as the COD standard, under the optimal conditions, the absorbance of reduced phosphomolybdic heteropoly acid was linear with COD in the range of 0.50–100 mg L −1. The detection limit for was COD detection was 0.171 mg L −1. The proposed methods was used for the determination of COD in real water samples, and the results were in general agreement with the national standard method. Compared with the direct photo initiated reduction of phosphomolybdic heteropoly acid without TiO2 nanoparticles, the photocatalytic reaction has better stability and higher efficiency.

Raw clays from Morocco for degradation of pollutants by Fenton-like reaction for water treatment

Three raw clays from Morocco were used as heterogeneous catalysts for Fenton-like oxidation of organic pollutants in water. The selected pollutants were two dyes used in the textile industry, Congo Red (CR) and Tartrazine (Tar, known also as a food coloring compound, E102) and Caffeine (Caf), a stimulant drug present in popular beverages such as coffee and tea, commonly used in Morocco. Two different processes were used for their degradation: (i) Fenton-like reaction; and (ii) electro-Fenton-like reaction. Process (i) was used for Tar and Caf degradation in the presence of clays from different region of Morocco (Middle Atlas - ClayMA, Fez - ClayF, and Ourika - ClayO), the best results being obtained with ClayO and ClayMA, on which 60.0% and 23.4% of conversion and 41.0% and 20.5% of mineralization were achieved for Tar and Caf, respectively. Process (ii) was used for degrading CR by clay-modified electrodes (CME) using the rawclays from Fez and Ourika regions (ClayF and ClayO). The stability of the CME was assessed by cyclic voltammetry studies, which proved that they are stable in the experimental conditions used. The electrodegradation of CR dye, performed without hydrogen peroxide in the reaction medium, achieve 67.0% of mineralization at the end of electrolysis (2 h).

Catalytic transformation of microplastics to functional carbon for catalytic peroxymonosulfate activation: Conversion mechanism and defect of scavenging

Plastic wastes were catalytically transformed into different structured carbons as effective catalysts for peroxymonosulfate activation to degrade organic pollutants in water and the catalytic conversion mechanism was comprehensively investigated. A salt template-based carbonization approach was successfully developed to catalytically converting high-density polyethylene (HDPE) into diverse carbon materials, such as core-shell carbon composites, nanosheets, and their hybrids. The morphology and proportions of structure defective carbon were found to be controlled by a NiCl2 to HDPE ratio. Carbon nanosheets performed excellent catalytic efficiency in peroxymonosulfate activation toward phenol oxidation, due to a high content of reactive defects via a nonradical electron-transfer mechanism. More importantly, deliberate experiment design and kinetic analyses were employed to illustrate the artifact of radical scavengers (e.g., ethanol) in mechanistic investigation for nonradical/radical reaction. This work provides an upcycle approach for waste plastics into carbocatalysts and new insight to the conversion process and advanced water purification.

Synthesis of Adenosine 5-monophosphate monohydrate functionalized mesoporous Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanostructures for enormous mineralization of insistent organic contaminants and photoinhibition of bacteria

An important potential threat for both individuals, as well as the environment, is organic pollution and microbes in water from waste. Numerous industries, such as paper, food processing, cosmetics, plastics, textile, and others, need a lot of colors. Dyes discharged into water bodies have caused several problems for human beings because dyes are not biodegradable. The apparent and unattractive extremely small dye concentration (1 mg/L) also significantly influences a water body. In a manner analogous to this, healthcare-related infections in hospitals have a significant cost impact on healthcare systems. Drug-resistant or multi-drug-resistant microorganisms are the main causes of nosocomial infections. The creation of novel antibacterial materials has proven to be one of the largest challenges in the development of a new technique for preventing the spread of ailments associated with healthcare. To get around these obstacles, it is therefore desirable to come up with new techniques and materials. A unique hydrothermally produced mesoporous CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure was created in this context. Additionally, Ag was deposited to create the CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure, and Adenosine 5-monophosphate monohydrate (A-5-MM) was used to functionalize it. Additionally, incredible photocatalytic activity was achieved under visible light irradiation by rapidly degrading eriochrome black (EB) and bromothymol blue (BTB) dyes. More than 80% of the said dyes were degraded in 60 min. The said result was much lower in dark condition. Furthermore, it was discovered that the A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanomaterials exhibited notable antibacterial activity in light against Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), with respective zones of inhibition of 17 ± 0.2 mm, and 21 ± 0.3 mm.

Mechanistic insights into removal of bisphenol A from activate peroxymonosulfate by Fe-C coupled biochar with the assistance of electric-field activation

Iron-carbon micro electrolysis activated persulfate (Fe-C/PS) treatment of wastewater is characterized by high oxidation efficiency and no secondary pollution, Limitations such as short reaction lifetime and hardening of Fe-C usually make it insufficient to achieve the desired treatment effect.The research is a new type of electric field in the auxiliary, promote biochar activation peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by micro electrolysis produce active free radicals to degradation of organic pollutants in water. namely IC-BC/PMS-EC，Using biochar as electron shuttle, electric field was introduced in the process of iron-carbon microelectrolysis activation of PMS promoted the electron transfer in the solution， The results showed that the reaction system could achieve 100% removal effect in 20 min. Fe2+/Fe3+ released by Fe-C was below the ambient concentration, which constituted a stable cycle in the electrocatalytic system and efficiently activated PMS. The work found that applied electric field and Fe-C micro-electrolysis activation both improved the efficiency of persulfate advanced oxidation progress. The activated system superimposition strengthened on coupled action and enhanced the performance for the degradation of organic pollutants in water. In summary, IC-BC/PMS-EC system is an economical, efficient and promising new system in the process of activating PMS to degrade pollutants.