Organic Pollutants In Water Samples Research Articles

Synthesis of materials from agricultural wastes combined with Fe3O4 for methylene blue adsorption and application to treat organic pollutants in water samples

AbstractThis study presents the adsorption process of methylene blue and other organic pigments in water samples using synthetic materials derived from agricultural waste combined with Fe3O4. The properties of the materials were determined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherm. The result shows the successful association of Fe3O4 on materials prepared from agriculture with a surface area = 3.594 m2 g−1 and a pore size of 49.713 nm. The optimal factors of methylene blue removal process, such as pH, mass, initial concentration, time, and shaking speed, were also investigated, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the material is 268.64 mg g−1, with an adsorption efficiency of 98.84%. The research method was applied to analyze and evaluate the materials' adsorption capacity in the southern provinces of Vietnam water samples.

Construction of S-scheme BiOCl/layered bimetallic oxide heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A

Constructing heterogeneous photocatalysts to enhance the visible light absorption and photo-generated charge carrier separation for efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water samples remained a significant challenge. An S-scheme BiOCl/ZnCrZr-layered bimetallic oxide (LBMO) heterojunction was constructed by depositing BiOCl nanoparticles on ZnCrZr-LBMO. The characterization of material samples were by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FTIR, UV–Vis-DRS, transient photocurrent response, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficiency of BiOCl/ZnCrZr-LBMO heterojunction was obviously improved, about 3.95 and 1.68 folds higher than that of pristine BiOCl and ZnCrZr-LBMO, respectively. The fast separation and migration and the prolonged lifetime of photo-generated carriers in the BiOCl/ZnCrZr-LBMO heterojunction were validated by photoelectrochemical tests. The influence factors, versatility, and reusability of the heterojunction were also evaluated. Free radical scavenging test and ESR experiment revealed that ·O2– and h+ active radicals were the dominant active radicals in the BPA degradation. Additionally, BPA degradation intermediates were detected by LC-MS, and the possible degradation pathway of BPA was deduced using density functional theory. This novel S-scheme model heterojunction was expected to provide new ideas for the study of the photocatalytic mechanism and the BPA removal.

High-performance electrochemical sensor based on neodymium molybdate/reduced graphene oxide (Nd2Mo3O12/RGO) for rapid detection of carcinogenic organic pollutants in water samples

Reasonable design, rapid, and reliable high-performance catalyst for the electrochemical sensor determination of carcinogenic photographic developing agent metol (ML) which is identified as a water and environment contaminant. This research investigation is based on the development of rare earth molybdate (Nd2Mo3O12) embedded with reduced graphene oxide, synthesized through the co-precipitation method for electrochemical sensing of ML. The highly conducting carbon-based material improved the electronic conductivity of metal molybdate. The synthesized nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized by various techniques to affirm its surface morphology, topography, crystal structure, surface area, and elemental composition. Taking advantage of a huge electroactive surface area and fast electron transfer rate and strong electrocatalytic ability of NdMO, the fabricated NdMO/RGO sensor displays sensitivity for the quantitative analysis of ML. Their limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 µM with a linear range of 0.01 – 1770 µM respectively. Beyond that, the developed sensor exhibits good catalytic activity, stability, reproducibility, and selectivity toward the detection of ML. The proposed sensor was employed for the water sample analysis and appreciable recovery results were obtained.

Screening analysis of pesticides in the protected area of Zobnatica Lake

The aim of study was to characterize pollution of water in protected area of Zobnatica Lake in the vicinity of Backa Topola, Serbia. The sampling campaigns were conducted in spring and summer 2019 in order to identify organic pollutants in water samples. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by GC-MS in SCAN and SIM mode. Screening analyses indicated the presence of pesticides: terbuthylazine, alpha-cypermethrin, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) and urea. Terbuthylazine was detected in both sampling campaigns. Results specified the need for comprehensive water monitoring program in order to determine specific pollutants in protected area of Lake Zobnatica caused water pollution by agricultural activities.

Freestanding Fully Porous Polyimide Membrane for Thin Film Microextraction

In this study, freestanding fully porous polyimide (FFPP) membranes were prepared in batches by the scraping technique and vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) and used for thin film microextraction (FFPP-TFME). When water vapor was applied simultaneously during scraping, the resulting membrane surface was highly porous, in contrast to the dense and smooth surface obtained without vapor. The micro/nanocomposite pore structure was revealed by scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The diameters of the micropores, nanopores and fibrous polyimide (PI) nanofibers were 0.5–1.5 μm, ca. 30 nm and ca. 250 nm, respectively. The extraction performance of the FFPP-TFME method was evaluated with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) as model analytes in water. The extracted OCPs were desorbed in acetone and then quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The effects of extraction time, ionic strength, desorption solvent, desorption volume and desorption time were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) for eight OCPs (4.4–83 ng L−1), linear ranges (0.05–50 μg L−1), correlation coefficients (0.997–0.999), intrabatch relative standard derivations (RSDs, 0.88–9.20%) and interbatch RSDs (6.35–13.5%) were obtained. The method was also successfully applied to the analysis of environmental water samples, and the relative recoveries of all real water samples were 73.6–116.4%. These results show that the FFPP-TFME method is a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the pretreatment of trace organic pollutants in water samples.

Combination of different chromatographic and sampling modes for high-resolution mass spectrometric screening of organic microcontaminants in water.

This study explores the combination of two sampling strategies (polar organic compounds integrative sampler (POCIS) vs. spot sampling) and four chromatographic retention modes (reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), mixed-mode liquid chromatography (MMLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)) for high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) screening of organic pollutants in water samples. To this end, a suspect screening approach, using iterative data-dependent tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) driven by a library of 3227 chemicals (including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, drugs of abuse, human metabolites, industrial chemicals and other pollutants), was employed. Results show that POCIS can afford a larger number of positive identifications as compared to spot sampling. On the other hand, the best suited retention mechanisms, in terms of identified analytes, are SFC, and followed by RPLC, MMLC and HILIC. However, the best combination (POCIS + SFC) would only allow the identification of 67% of the detected analytes. Thus, the combination of the two sampling strategies, spot and passive sampling, with two orthogonal retention mechanisms, RPLC and SFC, is proposed in order to maximize the number of analytes detected (89%). This strategy was applied to different surface water (river and estuary) samples from Galicia (NW Spain). A total of 155 compounds were detected at a confidence level 2a, from which the major class was pharmaceuticals (61%).

Bar adsorptive microextraction device coated with polyimide microsphere assembled by nanosheets combined with thermal desorption-gas chromatography for trace analysis of nitroaromatic explosives in environmental waters

Polyimide (PI) microspheres assembled by nanosheets were used for bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE) for the first time. The PI microsphere possessed self-organized hierarchical nanostructure, large specific surface area (170 m2/g) and good thermostability (up to 400 °C). The BAμE device was prepared by adhering the PI microspheres on a quartz bar with Kapton double sided tape. Trace nitroaromatic explosives in environmental waters were extracted by the BAμE device, desorbed by thermal desorption (TD), and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The reproducibility of five BAμE devices prepared in parallel was less than 13.0% (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD). The BAμE device could stand up to 30 extraction/desorption cycles without decrease of extraction efficiency. The results of method validation showed that the BAμE-TD/GC–MS method possessed wide linearity (0.05–50 μg/L or 0.05–20 μg/L), high correlation coefficients (> 0.9987), good precision (RSDs < 11.8%), low detection limits (0.005–0.013 μg/L) and high enrichment factors (528–1410). Relative recoveries were in the range of 72.2–122.6% with RSDs between 0.1% and 10.5% for real water samples. These results proved that the proposed method was a good choice for determination of organic pollutants in water samples.

Nivoi nekih organskih zagađivača u uzorcima vode Jadranskog mora - studija slučaja - žarište Porto-Romana, Albanija

This paper presents concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine water samples of Porto-Romano area. Porto-Romano is situated in Adriatic Sea, near city of Durres, in central Albania. It was considered Hot-spot area because before 90' there was located chemical plant for Lindane production. Landfill near Porto-Romano and elevated activity for industrial development of this area can be the main sources of water pollution in recent years. Water samples were taken in December 2018 and April 2019 in nine stations of Porto-Romano. Liquid-liquid extraction was used for isolate organic pollutants from water samples. Clean-up procedure for chlorinated pollutants was realized in a Florisil column. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of pesticides and PCBs were performed in HP 6890 Series II, gas chromatograph equipped with p-ECD detector. For separation of organochlorine pollutants was used Rtx-5 capillary column. Analyzes of PAH were realized in Varian 450 GC, gas chromatograph equipped with FID detector and VF-1ms capillary column. The most frequent organic pollutants in water samples of Porto-Romano were found organochlorine pesticides because of ex-chemical plants impact in this area. Note, that Lindane and its isomers weren't found in high concentration. PCB 28, volatile congener, was found in higher concentrations because of their atmospheric origin. Presence of PCB 138 show terrestrial origin of PCBs in this area. PAH were found in higher concentrations inside of hydrocarbon port. Their concentrations were due to industrial activity and ship transport in this area. Mismanagement of Lindane plant wastes, urban pollution and recent industrial activity are factors of continues pollution in Porto-Romano area. Presence of organic pollutants in water samples of Porto-Romano indicates that monitoring of this Hot-spot should be continuous.

Determination of Heavy Metal Ions and Organic Pollutants in Water Samples Using Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid-Modified Sorbents.

Water pollution, especially by inorganic and organic substances, is considered as a critical problem worldwide. Several governmental agencies are listing an increasing number of compounds as serious problems in water because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation, and persistence. In recent decades, there has been considerable research on developing analytical methods of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants from water. Ionic liquids, as the environment-friendly solvents, have been applied in the analytical process owing to their unique physicochemical properties. This review summarizes the applications of ionic liquids in the determination of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in water samples. In addition, some sorbents that were modified physically or chemically by ionic liquids were applied in the adsorption of pollutants. According to the results in all references, the application of new designed ionic liquids and related sorbents is expected to increase in the future

Implementing a superhydrophobic substrate in immersed solvent–supported microextraction as a novel strategy for determination of organic pollutants in water samples

In this research, a new approach for extraction and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sea and rain water samples was developed by implementing a superhydrophobic substrate and consuming the least amount of solvent. This version of solvent–supported microextraction enabled us to perform the procedure in the immersion mode with the slightest troubles arising from water leakage into the gas chromatography. The superhydrophobic property leads to the fixation of extracting solvent on the substrate surface during water sampling. To prepare a superhydrophobic substrate, a piece of melamine foam was coated by tannic acid and silica nanoparticles using methyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethyl orthosilicate. The morphology of the prepared foams was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The developed solvent–supported microextraction method in combination with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied to the isolation and determination of some typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aquatic media. Influential parameters such as substrate nature, extractive solvent, eluting solvent and its quantity and extraction time were investigated. The limits of detection and quantification of the method under the optimized conditions were 0.01–0.11 µg L−1 and 0.03–1.01 µg L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations at the concentration level of 20 µg L−1 were between 3% and 14% (n = 3). The linearity of calibration curves ranged from 0.03 to 60 µg L−1. The implementation of the solvent-supported method to the analysis of real water samples was quite successful and the relative recoveries were between 88% and 107%.

Analysis of organic pollutants in water samples of White Drin, Black Drin and Fierza Reservoir

This study presented data about concentrations of some organic pollutants inAlbanian part of Black Drin (BD), White Drin (WD) and Fierza Reservoir (FR).Thirteen stations were analyzed in this study. Sampling of water was realized inMay 2017. Drin River presents important aquatic area in Albania. For all watersamples were analyzed organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-, m-, p-xylenes (BTEX)and polyromantic hydrocarbons (PAH). Organochlorined pesticides and PCBswere found in higher level for Fierza Reservoir stations. Their concentrations forBlack and White Drin samples were 5-10 times lower.

Organic pollutants in water samples of Vjosa river: Albania

The findings reported here belong to a study on determination of organochlorine pesticides, their residues, polychlorinated biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and BTEX concentrations in water samples of Vjosa River (Albanian part). The Vjosa River in Albania is one of Europe's last living wild rivers. Water samples were taken in 12 stations starting from Sarandoporo (Leskovik, Kolonje) to Vjosa river mouth (Adriatic Sea), in March 2017. Organochlorine compounds and PCB markers were extracted using liquid-liquid technique using n-hexane as extracting solvent. PAHs were extracted also using liquid-liquid technique using dichloromethane as extracting solvent. After extraction the organic phase was dried with Na2SO4 anhidrous, for removing water. A Florisil column was used for the sample clean-up. After the concentration to 1 ml, the samples were injected in Varian 450 GC equiped with ECD and FID detectors. BTEX were extracted using HS/SME technique with PDMS fiber. Found data shown persistent levels of pesticides and their metabolites in water samples because their previous use. PCBs, PAHs and BTEX were found also for all samples. Their presence could be because of anthropogenic and automobilist impact in waters of Vjosa River. The found levels for organic pollutants in waters of Vjosa River were lower than reported levels for other ecosystems in Alb ania.

Assessment of persistent organic pollutants in water samples from River Challawa in Kano, Nigeria

&lt;p&gt;This study was aimed at assessing the levels Persistent Organic Pollutant in Challawa River Basin of Kano State, Nigeria. The investigation was particularly plan to assess the presence of PCBs and PAHs in River Challawa and compare the concentrations of the pollutants with the acceptable limit set by Nigerian Standard and other international regulatory agencies. Data were collected using reconnaissance survey; laboratory experiment as well as other secondary data sources. A total of 26 water samples were collected through stratified and systematic random sampling. Three sampling points were chosen and designated A, B and C along the stretch of the river from Yan Danko Bridge to Tamburawa bridge. The result shows that Polychlorinated biphenyls were not detected but polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in all the samples analyzed using GCMS. The total concentrations of PAHs in the water samples range between 0.001 to 0.087mg/l. The analytical results revealed that most of the pollutants present in water were at significantly very high levels especially at Zamawa village situated very close to Challawa industrial estate - the major sources of effluent discharge point, making the drinking water around area is not fit for consumption. In conclusion, it can be said that industrial activities had impact on Challawa River basin and its environment. It is recommended among others that the industries should treat their effluents before releasing them into Challawa river basin. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords: persistent, organic, pollutant, challawa river, Nigeria&lt;/p&gt;

Extraction and enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by ordered mesoporous carbon reinforced hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction.

A novel microextraction method, ordered mesoporous carbon reinforced hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection, was developed for the determination of some organic pollutants in water samples. Four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) were selected to validate this new method. Main parameters that could influence the extraction efficiency such as extraction time, fiber length, stirring rate, the type of the extraction solvent, pH value, the concentration of ordered mesoporous carbon, and salt effect were optimized. Under the optimal extraction conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 2-1000 ng/L, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9954-0.9986. The recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 88.96-100.17%. The limits of detection of the method were 0.4-4 ng/L. The relative standard deviations varied from 4.2-5.9%. The results demonstrated that the newly developed method was an efficient pretreatment and enrichment procedure for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples.

Simultaneous determination of 13 organic pollutants in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

On the basis of environmental quality standards for surface water, a sensitive and simple method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 13 organic pollutants, including dimethoate, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, parathion, methyl parathion, malathion, demeton, acrylamide, aniline, benzidine, carbaryl, Microcystin-LR and atrazine in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with direct injection. The water samples were filtered through 0.22 μm of microfiltration membrane. With methanol-0.01% formic acid as mobile phase, the separation was performed on a Kromasil 100-5 C18 column (150 mm x 2.1 mm, 5 μm) in gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 °C. The samples were detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive electro spray ionization. The organic pollutants were quantified by external standard method. The calibration curves of the organic pollutants show good linearity in suitable ranges with correlation coefficients (r) over 0.9995. The detection limits of organic pollutants in samples ranged from 0.02 μg/L to 0.1 μg/L. The relative standard deviations of organic pollutants were 0.5%-5.0% (n= 6). The average recoveries of the 13 organic pollutants spiked in water samples ranged from 81.2% to 112%. The method has been proven to be sensitive, rapid and with little interference. It is suitable for the determination of the 13 organic pollutants simultaneously in the surface and underground waters.

Improved sample preparation and GC–MS analysis of priority organic pollutants

Mass spectrometry is a major tool for analysing organic pollutants. However, scientists often complain about laborious sample preparation. The development of new commercial high-resolution mass spectrometers gives a chance to improve simultaneously speed, reliability, and sensitivity of the analysis. Here, we used the time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometer Pegasus GC-HRT to identify and quantify 55 priority organic pollutants in water samples. This mass spectrometer has a high resolution of 50,000, a high mass accuracy of about 1 ppm and a very high acquisition rate of up to 200 full mass range spectra per second. 1 mL water samples were extracted with 1 mL dichloromethane. Results show that the sample preparation and analysis are achieved 30 times faster, requiring 1,000 times less water and 350 times less solvent than the classic 8270 method of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The detection limit is 1 μg/L. The quantification limit is 10 μg/L. Our procedure, named accelerated water sample preparation, is simpler, faster, cheaper, safer and more reliable than 8270 Method.

Assessment of commercially available polymeric materials for sorptive microextraction of priority and emerging nonpolar organic pollutants in environmental water samples

Among the different organic pollutants, persistent organic pollutants and emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) are of particular concern due to their potentially dangerous effects on the ecosystems and on human health. In the framework of the analysis of some of these organic pollutants in water samples, sorptive extraction devices have proven to be adequate for their monitoring. The efficiency of four commercially available and low-cost polymeric materials [polypropylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), Raffia, and polyethersulfone (PES)] for the simultaneous extraction of 16 organic compounds from five different families from environmental water samples was evaluated in this work. Firstly, the homogeneity of the sorbent materials was confirmed by means of Raman spectroscopy. After the optimization of the parameters affecting the extraction and the liquid desorption steps, it was found that PES showed the largest efficiencies for slightly polar analytes and, to a lesser extent, for nonpolar analytes. Additionally, Raffia rendered good extraction efficiencies for nonpolar compounds. Thus sorptive extraction methods followed by large volume injection-programmable temperature vaporizer-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were validated using PES and Raffia as sorbent materials. The validation of the method provided good linearity (0.978 < r (2) < 0.999 for PES and 0.977 < r (2) < 0.999 for Raffia), adequate repeatability (below 19 % and 14 % for PES and Raffia, respectively), and low method detection limits (low ng · l(-1) level). Finally, these materials were applied to the analysis of contaminants in environmental water samples.

Further investigation of array capillary in-tube solid-phase microextraction of trace organic pollutants in water samples

Array capillary in-tube solid-phase microextraction (ACIT-SPME) was demonstrated to be a fast, reproducible and convenient extraction method for trace organic pollutants in water samples. In order to improve the extraction efficiency per unit of extraction time, ACIT-SPME cartridges with capillary tubes of different inner diameters (I.D.), from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm I.D., were fabricated and compared systematically for the extraction of chlorobenzenes (CBs) and nitrochlorobenzenes (NCBs). The results indicated that the ACIT-SPME cartridges with the largest bore diameter were more suitable for rapid extraction of analytes in abundant water samples, while the ACIT-SPME with the smallest bore diameter resulted in the highest absolute recovery. Thus, ACIT-SPME capillary tubes of 0.5 mm I.D. were applied in the rapid extraction of CBs and NCBs from environmental water. Parameters such as sample volume, extraction time, ionic strength, and thermal desorption conditions were investigated to obtain the optimal operation conditions. The extraction was completed in 1.5 min under gravity using 250 mL of water sample. The desorbed analytes were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with electron capture detection (ECD). A linear relationship between the peak areas and the concentrations of the analytes covered 2 orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9961 for all the compounds being studied. The detection limits were between 0.00041 and 0.047 μg L−1 with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of between 1.4% and 4.8%. The proposed method was applied in the extraction and determination of CBs and NCBs in real water samples. Relative recoveries and RSDs for the analysis of real water samples were 87.1–116% and 1.8–9.4%, respectively. These results further proved that ACIT-SPME could be applied as a routine sample preparation method for water analysis both in the field and in the lab .

Multiresidue analysis of organic pollutants by in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry

In this work, in-tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupling with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) multiresidue analytical method has been proposed for the first time for on-line enrichment of 9 analytes included in Water Frame Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD). The device was equipped with a GC TRB-5 capillary column, used as pre-concentration loop, and two conventional six-port injection valves. Water sample and desorption solvent volumes were tested. The optimum conditions were 4mL of processed sample followed by elution with 40μL of methanol. The analytes were detected with a mass spectrometer after being ionized positively using an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The method presents good linearity over the range assayed, 0.025–2.5μg/L for chlorpyriphos and 0.25–25μg/L for the other tested compounds and LODs between 0.025μg/L and 2.5μg/L. Enrichment factors ranged from 2.5 to 10. Intra and inter-day variation coefficients were <26 and 31.6% respectively. Once validated, the method was applied to several water samples from different sources demonstrating that it achieves the on-line enrichment of the analytes with the advantage of minimum sample manipulation, and the identification and quantification of some organic pollutants in water samples in the range of low parts-per-billion. The method provided similar analytical characteristics as those obtained in the established couple IT-SPME–Capillary Liquid Chromatography (CapLC).

Bamboo charcoal as a novel solid-phase microextraction coating material for enrichment and determination of eleven phthalate esters in environmental water samples

This study demonstrates the potential of bamboo charcoal as a novel and inexpensive solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating material for enrichment and determination of organic pollutants in water samples. Bamboo charcoal was prepared and used as a SPME coating material. Eleven phthalate esters (PAEs) were used as model analytes, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for separation and detection. Important extraction conditions (ionic strength, stirring rate, and extraction time) and desorption conditions (desorption temperature and time) were systematically investigated and optimized. Linearity of 0.1-100 μg L(-1) and correlation coefficients of 0.9992-0.9998 were obtained under optimum conditions. Inter-day and intra-day repeatability were 2.15-9.93 % and 1.89-9.85 %, respectively, and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility was 5.42-9.66 %. On the basis of a chromatographic signal-to-baseline noise ratio of three, the limits of detection reached 0.004-0.023 μg L(-1). Satisfactory results were achieved when the bamboo coating was used for determination of 11 PAEs in real water samples. The experimental results indicate that bamboo charcoal has significant potential as a SPME coating material for rapid enrichment and sensitive determination of organic pollutants in environmental samples.