Organic Pollutants In Aquatic Environment Research Articles

Effect of PCBs on Production Characteristics and Fucoxanthin / Fatty Acid Content of Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann et Lewin Diatom Enrichment Culture

Background: Since the mid-20th century, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have emerged as one of the foremost anthropogenic organic pollutants in aquatic environments. Microphytobenthic algae of the genus Cylindrotheca have been recurrently employed in laboratory experiments to assess sediment toxicity. Recently, a novel strain of benthic diatoms belonging to the genus Cylindrotheca has been identified and characterized from PCB-contaminated sediments in the coastal region of Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea). This species of algae has high biomass productivity, the ability to synthesize fucoxanthin, and a variety of fatty acids. Cylindrotheca closterium is capable of metabolizing organic pollutants in bottom sediments. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of PCBs on the growth patterns and physiological responses of C. closterium through a 9-day experiment, subjecting the microalgae to varying concentrations of PCBs ranging from 0.0003 to 100 mg/L. Results: The experiments revealed that C. closterium could grow in environments containing concentrations of PCBs ranging from 0.0003 to 10 mg/L, indicating its resilience to moderate levels of PCB exposure. Additionally, adaptive biochemical processes were observed in C. closterium under PCB exposure. Notably, on the sixth day of the experiment, the culture transitioned into a stationary growth phase, accompanied by significant increases in total lipid content by 1.6 times and fucoxanthin by 4.6 times compared to the control. However, a pronounced decrease in culture growth was observed at a PCB concentration of 100 mg/L, coinciding with reductions in total lipid and fucoxanthin content, suggesting a tolerance threshold of C. closterium between 10 and 100 mg/L PCB concentrations. Furthermore, alterations in the fatty acid profile of C. closterium were noted, characterized by a decrease in polyene content and an increase in monoene fatty acids, under PCB exposure. Conclusion: The study underscores the resilience of C. closterium to moderate PCB concentrations and highlights the complex physiological responses and adaptive mechanisms initiated in response to PCB exposure. The findings contribute to understanding the toxic effects of PCBs on C. closterium and provide insights into potential mechanisms underlying these effects.

Mineralization of clofibric acid by persulfate-promoted catalytic subcritical water oxidation process using CoFe2O4@SiO2 catalyst

The design and use of innovative treatment processes are very important in preventing the possible toxic effects of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. One of these methods is the subcritical water oxidation method, which has been used recently. In the current study, the mineralization of clofibric acid (CFA) was carried out under more effective and mild conditions using persulfate (PS) as an oxidant and CoFe2O4@SiO2 catalyst by the subcritical water oxidation (sub-CWO) process. Characterization of the synthesized catalyst was performed through XRD, FTIR, TEM and SEM–EDS analyses. In the CFA oxidation with persulfate-promoted catalytic Sub-CWO process, optimum working conditions was determined as 15 mM PS, 40 min, 383 K, and 0.3 g L−1 catalyst dosage using the response surface method and Box–Behnken design. The catalyst's efficiency remained relatively stable after three cycles under optimal conditions, resulting in a 97% total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Decomposition products were determined and a degradation mechanism was proposed.

Activated Periodates and Sodium Percarbonate in Advanced Oxidation Processes of Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Media: A Review

The methods of periodates and sodium percarbonate activation are considered for planning strategic approaches to increasing the efficiency and intensity of oxidative degradation of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. A classification of periodate activation methods is proposed, including activation methods by external energy effects, catalytic activation methods, and other activation methods (e.g., by hydrogen peroxide, by hydroxylamine, activation in alkaline medium). Activation methods for sodium percarbonate were divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous activation methods.

Self-powered organic pollutants degradation in wastewater by photocatalytic ozonation based on triboelectric nanogenerator

It is of great significance to explore innovative ways to degrade organic pollutants in wastewater. Here, for the first time, we report a self-powered photocatalytic ozonation water purification system for removing organic pollutants in aquatic environment. A rabbit fur-based rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (RR-TENG) is designed as the power supply of water purification system. As a new TENG-based ozone generation method, spark-surface dielectric barrier discharge (Spark-SDBD) is proposed, which is composed of spark discharge device and surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) device in series and can generate ozone to a maximum concentration of 36.4 mg/m3. Rhodamine B and ciprofloxacin, two typical organic compounds, are selected as simulated pollutants in wastewater, and P25 particles loaded on nickel foam are used as the photocatalyst. Ozone is continuously introduced into the polluted solution through an aeration device, coupled with photocatalysis. Within 80 minutes, it can be observed that Rhodamine B has 100% decolorization and ciprofloxacin is degraded to 99%. This work broadens the field of water purification and provides an effective way to create a cleaner and safer aquatic environment.

Novel core-shell structural nZVI@Fe2P for sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation: Accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) dynamic cycling, boosted Fenton performance and stability

Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) is widely used in traditional hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-based Fenton reactions for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants in aqueous environments. How to restrain the blocked electron transfer aroused from thickening of the iron oxide passivation layer and reinforce the Fe(III)/Fe(II) dynamic cycling is essential for Fenton reactions. In this work, a novel core–shell structural nZVI@Fe2P was fabricated and employed for the degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ). Compared to nZVI, the nZVI@Fe2P demonstrated a significant performance and stability in the degradation of SDZ. Completed SDZ removal is achieved in less than 15 min and the SDZ removal kept over 60% even in the ninth consecutive cycles. Although the SDZ removal decreased dramatically to only 27.4% in the tenth cycle, the value could be restored to 80.6% after a facile re-phosphorization process. Both experimental and density function theory (DFT) calculation revealed the dominant role of Fe2P in promoting H2O2 activation and strengthening the Fe(III)/Fe(II) dynamic cycling. In the nZVI@Fe2P/H2O2 system, the low impedance and high proton conductivity of the Fe2P shell layer played a dual function, i.e., accelerating electron transfer and donating electrons for the continuous Fenton reaction. This implication of these findings provides a novel strategy by integrating the state-of-the-art material science, advanced oxidation process, and mechanism elucidation for practical environmental wastewater remediation.

Development of diffusive gradients in thin-films technique for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal waters

Addressing the challenge of accurately monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic systems, this study employed diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique to achieve methods detection limits as low as 0.02 ng L−1 to 0.05 ng L−1 through in situ preconcentration and determination of time-integrated concentrations. The efficacy of the developed DGT samplers was validated under diverse environmental conditions, demonstrating independence from factors such as pH (5.03–9.01), dissolved organic matter (0–20 mg L−1), and ionic strength (0.0001–0.6 M). Notably, the introduction of a novel theoretical approach to calculate diffusion coefficients based on solvent-accessible volume tailored for PAHs significantly enhanced the method’s applicability, particularly for organic pollutants with low solubility. Field deployments in coastal zones validated the DGT method against traditional grab sampling, with findings advocating a 4 to 7-day optimal deployment duration for balancing sensitivity and mitigating lag time effects. These results provide a sophisticated, efficient solution to the persistent challenge of monitoring hydrophobic organic pollutants in aquatic environments, broadening the scope and applicability of DGT in environmental science and providing a robust tool for researchers.

Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of BiOI particles: An efficient visible-light-driven degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous environments

Bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) particles were successfully fabricated through solvothermal activation using bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate and potassium iodide as precursors. The photocatalytic activities of BiOI were investigated under the influence of synthesis temperature (120–200 °C) with a fixed duration of 12 h. The physical-chemical properties of the samples were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2-sorption isotherm techniques, and pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc). The prepared BiOI exhibited a single phase with a non-uniform 2D morphology with different sizes, an average crystallite size of 30 nm, and a BET surface area of 20.71 m²g−1. The zero-point charge was determined to be 7.7. The photocatalytic performance under simulated solar light irradiation was investigated by examining the effects of dye initial concentration, catalyst dose, and dye pH. Remarkably, BiOI synthesized at 160 °C demonstrated an impressive 85% removal efficiency of 10 ppm MO (methyl orange) at normal pH levels (pH 6.8) within 120 min under visible light irradiation, along with the highest rate constant of 0.01418 min−1. The quenching effects of different scavengers indicate the significant role of reactive O2•– and a minor role of hVB+ and •OHads in the photocatalytic process. These findings underscore the potential of BiOI particles as efficient photocatalysts for environmental applications, particularly in the degradation of organic pollutants in water using solar light irradiation.

Preparation of Cobalt-Nitrogen Co-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Activated Peroxymonosulfate Degradation of Carbamazepine.

Cobalt-nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes (Co3@NCNT-800) were synthesized via a facile and economical approach to investigate the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous environments. This material demonstrated high catalytic efficiency in the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The experimental data revealed that at a neutral pH of 7 and an initial CBZ concentration of 20 mg/L, the application of Co3@NCNT-800 at 0.2 g/L facilitated a degradation rate of 64.7% within 60 min. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the presence of pyridinic nitrogen and cobalt species enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species. Radical scavenging assays and electron spin resonance spectroscopy confirmed that radical and nonradical pathways contributed to CBZ degradation, with the nonradical mechanism being predominant. This research presents the development of a novel PMS catalyst, synthesized through an efficient and stable method, which provides a cost-effective solution for the remediation of organic contaminants in water.

Degradation of Water Pollutants by Biochar Combined with Advanced Oxidation: A Systematic Review

Recently, biochar has emerged as a promising option for environmentally friendly remediation due to its cost-effectiveness, extensive surface area, porosity, and exceptional electrical conductivity. Biochar-based advanced oxidation procedures (BC-AOPs) have gained popularity as an effective approach to breaking down organic pollutants in aqueous environments. It is commonly recognized that the main reactive locations within BC-AOPs consist of functional groups found on biochar, which encompass oxygen-containing groups (OCGs), imperfections, and persistent free radicals (PFRs). Additionally, the existence of metallic components supported on biochar and foreign atoms doped into it profoundly impacts the catalytic mechanism. These components not only modify the fundamental qualities of biochar but also serve as reactive sites. Consequently, this paper offers a comprehensive review of the raw materials, preparation techniques, modification approaches, and composite catalyst preparation within the biochar catalytic system. Special attention is given to explaining the modifications in biochar properties and their impacts on catalytic activity. This paper highlights degradation mechanisms, specifically pathways that include radical and non-radical processes. Additionally, it thoroughly examines the importance of active sites as catalysts and the basic catalytic mechanism of BC-AOPs. Finally, the potential and future directions of environmental remediation using biochar catalysts and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are discussed. Moreover, suggestions for future advancements in BC-AOPs are provided to facilitate further development.

Development of composite films of bismuthates immobilized in alginate biopolymers for application in photocatalysis under visible light

The immobilization of photocatalysts in films represents an alternative for mitigating the drawbacks associated with suspensions, such as deactivated catalyst separation from the reaction medium. The present study sought to help prevent immobilization from harming the environment through the use of biodegradable alginate films as a matrix. Furthermore, the study employed bismuth-based photocatalysts active in the visible spectrum, making greater use of solar energy. Employing the sol–gel method, the photocatalysts NaBiO3, BiOI, Bi2MoO6, and Bi2WO6 were immobilized to form films, characterized using X-ray diffraction, surface morphology, point of zero charge (pHPZC), and thermogravimetric analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the films was measured by batch assay, using methylene blue and phenol as model molecules. The alginate and NaBiO3 films showed high efficacy for degrading organic pollutants, while BiOI exhibited the highest adsorption rate. The Bi2MoO6 and Bi2WO6 films offered superior stability and efficiency for up to three reuses. The results demonstrated that, by immobilizing photocatalysts in alginate films, photocatalytic activity can be preserved and particle carryover prevented, representing an advancement in sustainable technologies for treating organic pollutants in aqueous environments.

Origins of Selective Oxidation in Carbon-Based Nonradical Oxidation Processes toward Organic Pollutants: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs).

Metal-free carbon material-mediated nonradical oxidation processes (C-NOPs) have emerged as a research hotspot due to their excellent performance in selectively eliminating organic pollutants in aqueous environments. However, the selective oxidation mechanisms of C-NOPs remain obscure due to the diversity of organic pollutants and nonradical active species. Herein, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were employed to unveil the origins of C-NOP selectivity toward organic pollutants in different oxidant systems. QSAR analysis based on adsorption and oxidation descriptors revealed that C-NOP selectivity depends on the oxidation potentials of organic pollutants rather than on adsorption interactions. However, the dominance of electronic effects in selective oxidation decreases with increasing structural complexity of organic pollutants. Moreover, the oxidation threshold solely depends on the inherent electronic nature of organic pollutants and not on the reactivity of nonradical active species. Notably, the accuracy of substituent descriptors (Hammett constants) and theoretical descriptors (e.g., highest occupied molecular orbital energy, ionization potential, and single-electron oxidation potential) is significantly influenced by the complexity and molecular state of organic pollutants. Overall, the study findings reveal the origins of organic pollutant-oriented selective oxidation and provide insight into the application of descriptors in QSAR analysis.

Catalytic and biological properties of palladium(II) complexes with bidentate Schiff base ligands

In this study, we synthesized and characterized Schiff base ligands (S1–3), which contained sulfonamide/sulfonate groups, and their corresponding Pd(II) complexes (K1–3). We also introduced these complexes into Al2O3‐supported materials (M1–3) using the impregnation method. Following the structural characterization, we proceeded to evaluate the performance of the supported materials in a series of degradation and reduction reactions of involving organic pollutants. These assessments were conducted with the intention of exploring their potential as catalysts in aqueous environments in the presence of NaBH4. The study's findings present novel approaches to develop effective catalysts for reducing/degrading organic pollutants in aqueous environments. The M2 catalyst showed excellent results for dye mixing after 90 s. Additionally, we investigated the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of the synthesized compounds. The outcome also suggests that these synthesized compounds exhibit potential antibacterial and cytotoxic properties.

Metal-free catalysts with local fluorination regulation for peroxymonosulfate activation: Nearly 100 % singlet oxygen production for selective degradation of aqueous organic pollutants

Generating singlet oxygen (1O2) via activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is crucial for the selective removal of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. However, achieving efficient and selective conversion of PMS into 1O2 without consuming energy or metals remains a significant challenge. In this study, graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was locally fluorinated via a simple polymerization method. The local fluorinated g-C3N4 (FCN) was used as a metal-free catalyst to activate PMS, enabling highly efficient degradation of 4-chlorophenol (100 %) and detoxification. The FCN/PMS system demonstrates exceptional selectivity for electron-rich pollutants, functions effectively across a broad pH range (2–10), and exhibits remarkable interference resistances to background scavenging ions and natural organic compounds. Furthermore, quenching experiments, probe tests, electron paramagnetic spin resonance measurements, electrochemical characterizations, and theoretical calculations demonstrated that 1O2 was the only reactive species in the catalytic process. Local fluorination regulated the electronic structure of g-C3N4, juxtaposing electron-rich fluorine with electron-deficient carbon dual active sites. This modification alters the electron transfer direction between PMS and g-C3N4, allowing for nearly 100 % selective generation of 1O2via dual electron transfer channels without the need for energy or metals. This study provides a new strategy for designing metal-free heterogeneous catalysts to selectively generate 1O2 in a green way and can facilitate the wider applications of advanced oxidation processes for water purification.

Magnetic perovskite nanohybrid based on g-C3N4 nanosheets for photodegradation of toxic environmental pollutants under short-time visible irradiation

In this study, a magnetic perovskite nanohybrid based on g-C3N4 (gCN) nanosheets was synthesized and developed for the efficient photodegradation of toxic environmental pollutants under short-time visible irradiation. The synthesis of this nanohybrid involved the incorporation of SrTiO3:N (STO:N) and ZnFe2O4 (ZnF) onto the g-C3N4 nanosheets through a simple reflux method. Our investigation encompassed a comprehensive suite of analytical techniques, including BET, TGA, TEM, SEM, EDX, DRS, VSM, XRD, photocurrent, and FT-IR, to elucidate the physicochemical characteristics of this nanocomposite in the context of its application in photodegradation processes. The nanohybrid displayed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to its individual components, achieving a degradation efficiency of over 90% for various pollutants, including organic dyes like Rhodamine B (Rh-B), within a short irradiation time. This enhanced activity can be attributed to the synergistic effect between gCN, STO:N, and ZnF, which promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species and facilitates the degradation process. Notably, the nanocomposite containing 20 wt% STO:N perovskite and 20 wt% ZnF demonstrated the highest Rh-B degradation rate under visible light irradiation within just 30 min. Furthermore, the nanohybrid displayed excellent stability and reusability over seven consecutive runs, retaining its high photocatalytic activity even after multiple cycles of degradation. This remarkable performance can be attributed to the strong interaction between the gCN nanosheets and the magnetic perovskite components, which prevents their aggregation and ensures their efficient utilization. Additionally, the nanohybrid exhibited excellent visible light absorption, enabling the utilization of a wider range of light for degradation. This feature is particularly advantageous, as visible light is more abundant in sunlight compared to UV light, rendering the nanohybrid suitable for practical applications under natural sunlight. In conclusion, the ternary gCN-STO:N@ZnF nanocomposite represents a promising candidate for the treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous environments, offering a versatile and efficient solution.

2D/2D Heterojunction of BiOBr/BiOI Nanosheets for In Situ H2 O2 Production and Activation toward Efficient Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment.

The presence of toxic organic pollutants in aquatic environments poses significant threats to human health and global ecosystems. Photocatalysis that enables in situ production and activation of H2 O2 presents a promising approach for pollutant removal; however, the processes of H2 O2 production and activation potentially compete for active sites and charge carriers on the photocatalyst surface, leading to limited catalytic performance. Herein, a hierarchical 2D/2D heterojunction nanosphere composed of ultrathin BiOBr and BiOI nanosheets (BiOBr/BiOI) is developed by a one-pot microwave-assisted synthesis to achieve in situ H2 O2 production and activation for efficient photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Various experimental and characterization results reveal that the BiOBr/BiOI heterojunction facilitates efficient electron transfer from BiOBr to BiOI, enabling the one-step two-electron O2 reduction for H2 O2 production. Moreover, the ultrathin BiOI provides abundant active sites for H2 O2 adsorption, promoting in situ H2 O2 activation for •O2 - generation. As a result, the BiOBr/BiOI hybrid exhibits excellent activity for pollutant degradation with an apparent rate constant of 0.141 min-1 , which is 3.8 and 47.3 times that of pristine BiOBr and BiOI, respectively. This work expands the range of the materials suitable for in situ H2 O2 production and activation, paving the way toward sustainable environmental remediation using solar energy.

Simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation of oxytetracycline in wastewater by Mycolicibacterium sp. immobilized on magnetic biochar

Due to the adverse effects of long-term oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in aquatic environments, an effective treatment is urgently needed. Immobilized microbial technology has been widely explored in the treatment of various organic pollutants in aquatic environments with its excellent environmental adaptability. Nevertheless, studies on its application in the removal of antibiotics are relatively scarce and not in sufficient depth. Only a few studies have further investigated the final fate of antibiotics in the immobilized bacteria system. In this study, a novel kind of OTC-degrading bacteria Mycolicibacterium sp. was immobilized on straw biochar and magnetic biochar, respectively. Magnetic biochar was proved to be a more satisfactory immobilization carrier due to its superior property and the advantage of easy recycling. Compared with free bacteria, immobilized bacteria had stronger environmental adaptability under different OTC concentrations, pH, and heavy metal ions. After 5 cycles, immobilized bacteria could still remove 71.8% of OTC, indicating that it had a stable recyclability. Besides, OTC in real swine wastewater was completely removed by immobilized bacteria within 2 days. The results of FTIR showed that bacteria were successfully immobilized on biochar and O–H, N–H, and C–N groups might be involved in the removal of OTC. The fate analysis indicated that OTC was removed by simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation, while biodegradation (92.8%) played a dominant role in the immobilized bacteria system. Meanwhile, the amount of adsorbed OTC (7.20%) was rather small, which could effectively decrease the secondary pollution of OTC. At last, new degradation pathways of OTC were proposed. This study provides an eco-friendly and effective approach to remedy OTC pollution in wastewater.

Unraveling the single-atom Fe–N4 catalytic site selectivity generate singlet oxygen via activation of persulfate: Polarizing electric fields changes the electron transfer pathway

Single-atom catalysts have been proved to be an effective material for the removal of organic pollutants from water and wastewater, and yet, the relationship between their internal structures and their roles still remains elusive. In this work, a catalyst Fe (MIL)-SAC with single-atom Fe–N4 active site was prepared. Fe (MIL)-SAC/Peroxydisulfate (PDS) system was able to achieve complete degrade of the Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) with kobs at 0.466 min−1, which was faster than the Fenton system under the same conditions (kobs = 0.422 min−1) and 16 times faster than Fe (MIL) (kobs = 0.029 min−1). Density functional calculations reveal that the Fe–N4 structure will affect the electron transport path and lead to selective generation of 1O2 by triggering S–O breakage and O–O polarization in PDS. Furthermore, Fe (MIL)-SAC/PDS system exhibits strong resistance to common influencing factors and has good application prospects. This work provides a new approach for the selectively generation of 1O2 for the efficient treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous environment.

Insights into Photo/Electrocatalysts for the Degradation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Advanced Oxidation Processes

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are an emerging group of persistent organic pollutants in aquatic environments with high levels of toxicity and bioaccumulation. The risks posed by PFASs to the environment and health have attracted increasing attention. To remove them from water, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), with the merits of high efficiency and low cost, are mainly used. Photo/electrocatalytic heterogeneous AOPs, with the assistance of nanostructured catalysts and external energy in the form of light/electricity, have emerged as one of the most powerful techniques, overcoming the difficulty associated with defluorination and achieving the effective and complete degradation of PFASs in water. The structures of photo/electrocatalysts play a critical role in the production of reactive oxygen species, the electron transfer process, and the degradation pathway and its efficiency. Herein, to elucidate the structure–performance relationship, a review of photo/electrocatalysts for the enhanced degradation of PFASs in heterogeneous AOPs, organized according to their composition and nanostructure design, is provided. This review article is mainly focused on (1) the mechanisms and pathways of PFAS degradation by heterogeneous photo/electrocatalytic AOPs, and (2) the structural designs and modifications of photo/electrocatalysts for the enhanced degradation of PFASs by heterogeneous AOPs. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future research into photo/electrocatalysts of heterogeneous AOPs in the field of PFAS remediation are discussed.

Enhanced removal efficiency of bensulfuron-methyl by a novel boron doping biochar-based Acinetobacter YH0317 at a lower temperature

Biochar-based bacteria are regarded as an efficient strategy for remediating organic pollutants in aquatic environments. Herein, a strain named Acinetobacter YH0317 that could degrade bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) at a lower temperature (15 °C) was isolated from a paddy rice field with long-term BSM application. Then Acinetobacter YH0317 was loaded on unmodified biochar (BC) and boron doping biochar (BBC). Results showed that BBC-based YH0317 significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of BSM (71.8–99.1%) compared with BC-based YH0317 (41.9–44.0%) and YH0317 alone (18.1–20.7%) in 24 h. BBC promoted the growth of YH0317 and secretion of extracellular secretions by providing a carrier and shelter for YH0317. The electrochemical analysis suggested BBC improved the electron transfer rate, which ultimately facilitated the removal of BSM. Hydroponic experiments indicated that BBC-based YH0317 effectively improved the growth of soybean. This work reports a novel BBC-based Acinetobacter YH0317 that could effectively remediate BSM contamination in the water environment.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin with Supramolecular Materials Consisting of Nitrogenous Organic Cations and Metal Salts

The design and synthesis of composite materials with new structures/properties have important practical significance for the degradation of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. On this basis, five new supramolecular materials {[L1]2·[Cu4I8]}(1), {[L1]2·[Ag4I8]}(2), {[L2]·[ZnBr4]}(3), {[L3]2·[AgI5]}(4), {[L3]·[CdBr3Cl]}(5) were synthesized by introducing an amino group into a series of nitrogen-containing cationic ligands (L1–L3) through the reaction of polybromomethylbenzene with 4-aminopyridine. The degradation effect of catalysts 1–5 on ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light was studied using their potential catalytic properties. The results showed that compounds 1 and 4 had better degradation effects compared to other compounds. Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 were proved to be excellent catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of CIP with cyclic experiments. Through further exploration, it was found that neutral conditions and 20 mg compound dosage were more conducive to the photodegradation of CIP by the compound. Through free radical capture experiments, it was found that ·OH played a major role in the photodegradation of CIP.