Organic Nitro Research Articles

Binding of nitrite-N on polyphenols during nitrification

The conversion of substantial amounts of ammonia nitrogen into organic nitrogen as a direct result of nitrification at neutral pH-values, was monitored in soil suspensions amended with ammonium nitrogen. The influence of the chemolithotrophic nitrifying bacteria was verified by applying nitrapyrin as a selective inhibitor in control experiments. In addition, the role of phenolic compounds was examined by adding α naphthol. The factors influencing the nitrification processi.e. pH, NH4+−N, NO2−−N, NO3−−N were measured during a 60 days incubation period. Nitrification started to be active after 5 and 10 days in the normal and the naphthol spiked soil suspensions respectively; it was inhibited in the nitrapyrin controls. Parallel with nitrification, formation of organic nitrogen was observed. The humic matter fractions were extracted and analyzed by I.R. spectroscopy which revealed the valence vibration ranges of nitro and nitroso groups fixed in different positions on aromatic compounds, both for normal and naphthol spiked samples. High resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopic analysis indicated the formation of nitrosonaphtholes. In addition a novel organic nitro compound was identifiedi.e. an azido nitro benzene. No nitrogen was fixed in the samples treated with nitrification inhibitor. A mechanism for the fixation of nitrite nitrogen during nitrification is proposed.

A structural and isotopic NO2–exchange rate comparison of trans-[Co(ao–H–ao)(NO2)2] and cis-[Co(Hao)2(NO2)2]NO3

The X-ray crystal structures of two non-isomeric (α-amineoxime)dinitrocobalt(III) complexes, trans-[Co(ao–H–ao)(NO2)2] and cis-[Co(Hao)2(NO2)2]NO3(Hao = 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanone oxime), have been refined to conventional R values of 0.034 (trans) and 0.032 (cis). The neutral trans complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a= 6.786(3), b= 11.553(1), and c= 20.908(2)A. The cis nitrate salt crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a= 8.1 60(3), b= 17.250(3), c= 13.745(2)A, and β= 104.77(2)°. Only the former species has an intramolecular hydrogen bond, and this is, to our knowledge, the first comparison of non-isomeric (due to charge)cis–trans complexes. The differences in the organic ligand and nitro bond distances and angles are discussed. The structural, u.v.-visible, and n.m.r. spectroscopic parameters are presented. The bond distances to the nitro groups are compared with their isotopic exchange lability in aqueous solution. It is concluded that the kinetic lability of the vitro ligands, as measured by 15N isotopic exchange rates is not directly related to the metal–nitrogen bond distance in the solid state.

Formation de chloropicrine lors de la chloration de quelques composes organiques nitres en solution aqueuse. Incidence d'une preozonation. Chloropicrin formation during the chlorination of some organic nitro compounds in aqueous solution. Incidence of a preozonation treatment.

Abstract The formation of trichloronitrome thane (chloropicrin) has been detected when chlorinating some organic nitro compounds in diluted aqueous solution. Among these compounds, only nitromethane and phenolic compounds with OH and NO2 groups in meta position have been .proved to be good precursors of chloropicrin. A noticeable production of chloropicrin (about 1,4 μg/mg of carbon) has been observed during the chlorination of a surface water heavily loaded in humic substances . This work has also shown that a preozonation of these nitro compounds generally leads to a decrease in chloropicrin concentration. However, for some precursors (Nitro‐2 Phenol, Nitro‐4 Phenol, Picric Acid) preozonation might yield to the formation of oxidation by‐products which are more reactive than the initial compounds.

Radiolytic preparation of radical cations of nitroalkanes and related compounds

Exposure of dilute solutions of a range of organic nitro derivatives in trichlorofluoromethane to 60Co γ-rays at 77 K gave radical cations thought to be formed from the expected primary species by some form of relaxation. These cations have e.s.r. spectra similar to that of nitrogen dioxide, and may be the isomeric nitrite cations, RONO+. However, the form and magnitude of the 13C hyperfine coupling for cations derived from 13CH3NO2 suggests that the alternative σ-structure (R˙NO2)+ may be a better description.

A new method for the synthesis of organic nitro compounds

A new method for the synthesis of organic nitro compounds

Effects of Organic Nitro- and Amino-compounds on Superoxide Dismutase in vivo and in vitro Experiments

Effects of Organic Nitro- and Amino-compounds on Superoxide Dismutase in vivo and in vitro Experiments

On the existence of the intermediate nitroso during the mixed electrochemical reduction of nitro compounds and organic halides

The general aspect of mixed electrolysis of nitro compounds and alkyl halides in very weakly acidic organic media is estimated as a function of the nature of organic nitro derivatives and that of the halide which can no longer be considered in all cases as electrophiles. When the transient nitroso compound has the property of a radical scavenger, the ESR spectrum may be observed. However, the intensity of the signal depends strongly on the nature of the organic halide: the reasons why no signal is obtained with primary organic halides are estimated both from the chemical and electrochemical points of view.

Trace analysis for organic nitro compounds by gas chromatography-electron-capture/photoionization detection methods

Combined detectors in gas chromatography (GC), such as electron-capture (ECD) and photoionization detectors (PID) have been utilized for improved identification of a wide variety of organic nitro compounds. GC retention times together with relative response factors and ratios of ECD/PID response factors are reported. Detection limits with the ECD and PID, relative response factors and ratios of relative response factors were derived from results for mixtures of organic nitro compounds separated by GC with temperature programming. A new type of GC packing material, covalently bonded Permabond supports, was utilized for most of these studies.

Optimization of the operational parameters of the supported mercury drop electrode detector in high-performance liquid chromatography

The pendent (or supported) mercury drop electrode detector for high-performance liquid chromatography is examined with reference to the effects on its performance of solvent flow, the residual current, the flow cell characteristics, the size, shape and stability of the mercury drop, and some other factors. The signal-to-noise ratio varies widely with respect to these factors, whose optimization is discussed. Under the optimized conditions, picogram levels of organic nitro and nitrate compounds can be detected.

ChemInform Abstract: NITRO DERIVATIVES OF THE THIOPHENE SERIES. 3. STUDY OF THE NITRATION OF THIOPHENE α,β‐UNSATURATED KETONES IN THE PRESENCE OF PROTONIC AND APROTIC ACIDS

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 12, Issue 44 Preparative Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: NITRO DERIVATIVES OF THE THIOPHENE SERIES. 3. STUDY OF THE NITRATION OF THIOPHENE α,β-UNSATURATED KETONES IN THE PRESENCE OF PROTONIC AND APROTIC ACIDS YU. D. CHURKIN, YU. D. CHURKINSearch for more papers by this authorL. V. PANFILOVA, L. V. PANFILOVASearch for more papers by this authorA. S. SHASHKOV, A. S. SHASHKOVSearch for more papers by this authorK. YA. BURSHTEIN, K. YA. BURSHTEINSearch for more papers by this author YU. D. CHURKIN, YU. D. CHURKINSearch for more papers by this authorL. V. PANFILOVA, L. V. PANFILOVASearch for more papers by this authorA. S. SHASHKOV, A. S. SHASHKOVSearch for more papers by this authorK. YA. BURSHTEIN, K. YA. BURSHTEINSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 3, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198144114Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume12, Issue44November 3, 1981 RelatedInformation

Correlation between vascular smooth muscle relaxation and increase in cyclic GMP induced by some organic nitro esters.

Three different nitro compounds glyceryl mononitrate (GMN), glyceryl dinitrate (GDN) and ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) were tested on histamine contracted bovine mesenteric artery. GDN and EGDN caused a dose-dependent relaxation which was accompanied by an increase in the endogenous cGMP level. The ED50-value for GDN and EGDN with regard to the relaxant action was 1.06 X 10(-6) M and 4.20 X 10(-8), respectively. GMN was almost completely ineffective as a relaxing agent and did not cause any significant change in cGMP. Regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between relaxation and increase in cGMP for both GDN and EGDN. The regression model for EGDN could be significantly improved by including the squared cGMP change, indicating a non-linear relationship. With regard to GDN a hyperbolic relationship between relaxation and cGMP increase was found. A slight improvement of the regression model was found for EGDN when the change in cAMP was included. For GMN and GDN no improvement of the regression model could be revealed by including the change of cAMP. It is suggested that the present data give further evidence for cGMP as a mediator of vascular smooth muscle relaxation induced by nitro compounds.

Computerized potentiometric stripping analysis for the determination of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in biological materials

Two different types of tinned mussels and a bovine liver reference sample have been analyzed for Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu by means of computerized potentiometric stripping analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry. The samples were digested by two different procedures, one employing nitric acid only and the other employing nitric and perchloric acids. It is shown that computerized stripping analysis can be used in samples containing high concentrations of electroactive organic nitro compounds, without sample deoxygenation.

ChemInform Abstract: THE ROLE OF ELECTRON TRANSFER AND CHARGE TRANSFER IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY

The principal objective of this lecture is to describe the efficacy of organometals as electron donors, and to show how this property dominates many aspects of their chemistry. First, the structural effects of alkyl ligands (B) on the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the neutral alkylmetals, R4Sn, R4Pb and R2Hg, are probed by photoelectron spectroscopy. The chemical properties of the resultant paramagnetic cation is then discussed. Electron transfer from alkylmetals to iron(III) complexes is shown to proceed via an outer-sphere mechanism, whereas that to iridate(IV) and tetracyanoethylene are inner-sphere processes. The difference lies in their response to steric effects in the alkylmetals. Steric effects are quantitatively evaluated with the aid of charge transfer transition energies in the absorption spectra of alkylmetal-tetracyanoethylene complexes. After correction for the steric effect, the rates of electron transfer from alkylmetal to both hexachloroiridate(IV) and tetracyanoethylene follow a linear free energy relationship with a Bronsted slope = 1, predicted by Marcus theory for inner-sphere mechanisms. The generalized concept of charge transfer is applied to a variety of organonickel systems, including (1) the oxidative addition of aryl halides to triethylphosphinenickel(0) complexes, (2) biaryl synthesis from the induced decomposition of arylnickel(II) halides, (3) oxygen atom transfer from organic nitro compounds to coordinated phosphines in nickel(0) complexes and finally even to (4) n-ligand substitution of benzophenones into phosphinenickel(0) complexes.

The role of electron transfer and charge transfer in organometallic chemistry

Abstract

Photolyses of Azidotriazines in Organic Nitro Compounds

Abstract Triazinylnitrenes were found to be inert towards nitro compounds. They afforded the products derived from the combination of two molecules of the starting materials.

ChemInform Abstract: OXIME TO NITRO CONVERSION. SUPERIOR SYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY NITROPARAFFINS

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 7, Issue 22 Preparative Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: OXIME TO NITRO CONVERSION. SUPERIOR SYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY NITROPARAFFINS M. W. BARNES, M. W. BARNESSearch for more papers by this authorJ. M. PATTERSON, J. M. PATTERSONSearch for more papers by this author M. W. BARNES, M. W. BARNESSearch for more papers by this authorJ. M. PATTERSON, J. M. PATTERSONSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197622143AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume7, Issue22June 1, 1976 RelatedInformation

Degradation of parathion in seawater

The decomposition of parathion (O,O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenylthiophosphate) in seawater has been followed in the laboratory. The influence of temperature, pH, salinity, and particulate matter on the degradation time and products is shown. Chemical hydrolysis as well as biodegradation occurred. The ratio of the two depends on the pretreatment of the water. During chemical hydrolysis dearylation and dealkylation occur. Biodegradation was observed through the disappearance of the organic nitro compounds. Among the degradation products dealkylated parathion was found to be stable against further hydrolysis and microbial degradation under environmental conditions.

ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS DER WANDERUNG VON NITRO‐ UND SULFOGRUPPEN BEI UNTER BETEILIGUNG VON ARENONIUM‐IONEN VERLAUFENDEN UMLAGERUNGEN

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 6, Issue 10 Preparative Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS DER WANDERUNG VON NITRO- UND SULFOGRUPPEN BEI UNTER BETEILIGUNG VON ARENONIUM-IONEN VERLAUFENDEN UMLAGERUNGEN V. I. MAMATYUK, V. I. MAMATYUKSearch for more papers by this authorV. G. DERENDYAEV, V. G. DERENDYAEVSearch for more papers by this authorA. N. DETSINA, A. N. DETSINASearch for more papers by this authorV. A. KOPTYUG, V. A. KOPTYUGSearch for more papers by this author V. I. MAMATYUK, V. I. MAMATYUKSearch for more papers by this authorV. G. DERENDYAEV, V. G. DERENDYAEVSearch for more papers by this authorA. N. DETSINA, A. N. DETSINASearch for more papers by this authorV. A. KOPTYUG, V. A. KOPTYUGSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 11, 1975 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197510118AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume6, Issue10March 11, 1975 RelatedInformation

Biogene und nichtbiogene organische Schmutzstoffe

Analytical methods and their application on the river Rhine for the identification and determination of refractory organic compounds are reported. 18 hydrocarbons, 32 chlorinated hydrocarbons, 13 organic nitro compounds, 14 ethers, 4 alcohols, 9 phenols, 6 esters and 21 other organic compounds have been identified. In view of the tedious methods which have to be applied, a technique for determining the ratio of persistent to biodegradable organic compounds has to be found. Requirements and perspectives of microbiological assays are discussed and rules for the survey of waste discharges are proposed.

ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGEN BONDING BY PROTIC SOLVENTS TO NITRO OXYGENS. EFFECTS ON ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF NITROANILINE DERIVATIVES

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 4, Issue 42 Physical Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGEN BONDING BY PROTIC SOLVENTS TO NITRO OXYGENS. EFFECTS ON ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF NITROANILINE DERIVATIVES MORTIMER J. KAMLET, MORTIMER J. KAMLETSearch for more papers by this authorELEONORE G. KAYSER, ELEONORE G. KAYSERSearch for more papers by this authorJOHN W. EASTES, JOHN W. EASTESSearch for more papers by this authorWILLIAM H. GILLIGAN, WILLIAM H. GILLIGANSearch for more papers by this author MORTIMER J. KAMLET, MORTIMER J. KAMLETSearch for more papers by this authorELEONORE G. KAYSER, ELEONORE G. KAYSERSearch for more papers by this authorJOHN W. EASTES, JOHN W. EASTESSearch for more papers by this authorWILLIAM H. GILLIGAN, WILLIAM H. GILLIGANSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 16, 1973 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197342064Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume4, Issue42October 16, 1973 RelatedInformation