Organic Monomers Research Articles

Influence of internal components on gas-solid flow characteristics in fluidized bed reactor for organic silicon monomer synthesis

Internal components play a crucial role in the synthesis of organic silicon monomer in gas-solid fluidized bed reactors (FBRs). Finger-tube (F-tube) and U-tube components are commonly utilized to control the temperature and ensure its homogeneity in FBRs, thereby guaranteeing a high selectivity of the target product. The main objective of this work is to better understand the influence of F-tube and U-tube on the hydrodynamics in FBRs. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combined with the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique were employed to explore the flow characteristics. The numerical data were validated against the particle velocity using an image processing technique. The results revealed that the F-tube increases the bed voidage by 3.2% and reduces the pressure drop by 13.0%. While the U-tube increases the bed voidage by 2.1% and reduces the pressure drop by 11.2%. These internals improve fluidization by ensuring even particle distribution and enhancing intra-particle circulation compared to reactors without internals.

Design and Assembly of Conductive Covalent Organic Frameworks for Proton Exchange Membrane Application

AbstractTo develop proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with robust structure stability and remarkable proton conductivity and explore their application in PEMs fuel cells have significant implications for realizing reduced carbon emission and environmental pollution. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as crystalline porous polymer material composed of organic monomers and connected by covalent bond, possess specific framework, inherent porosity, adjustable functional group and eminent thermal/chemical structure stability. Therefore, COFs display prominent superiorities in constructing rigid ordered proton transfer channels and improving fuel cell performance long‐term durability. In this review, the proton conduction properties of extrinsic proton‐conductive COFs (incorporating carriers into the pore), intrinsic proton‐conductive COFs (introducing conductive groups on the backbone) and combined extrinsic/intrinsic proton‐conductive COFs in the form of pressed pellets are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, proton‐conductive COFs related PEMs, including COFs‐related polymer‐based composite membranes, COFs‐based composite membranes and self‐supporting COFs membranes are also systematically summarized. In addition, the existing challenges are analyzed and future outlooks are addressed.

Preparation of positively charged acid-resistant hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane with excellent separation performance by surface modification

There is a significant requirement for acid-resistant nanofiltration (NF) membranes with positively charged surface in order to effectively treat and recycle acidic industrial wastewater that contains heavy metal ions. Currently, acid-resistant nanofiltration membranes still exhibit low water permeance and typically display only weak positively charged or even negatively charged surface, which presents a vast challenge for the effective removal of heavy metal ions. In this work, we successfully produced a positively charged hollow fiber (HF) NF membrane with outstanding water permeability by combining interfacial polymerization and surface modification approaches. The interfacial polymerization reaction was conducted on the inner surface of an HF polysulfone substrate using polyethyleneimine as the aqueous monomer and cyanuric chloride as the organic monomer. This process results in the formation of a positively charged polyamine selective layer. Subsequently, the surface of the selective layer was modified with an aqueous solution of (3-bromopropyl) trimethylammonium bromide (BPTAB) via a Hoffman alkylation process, which increases the positive charge density and hydrophilicity of the HF NF membrane. Consequently, the BPTAB-modified HF NF membrane achieves a water permeance of 44.5 L m−2 h−1 MPa−1, which is a 130 % increase compared to the unmodified baseline HF NF membrane. Meanwhile, it exhibits excellent desalination performance, corresponding to a rejection of 97.3 %, 99.3 % and 99.1 %, for MgCl2, CoCl2 and MnCl2, respectively. Additionally, it demonstrates excellent resistance to acids, which remains a 93.3 % MgCl2 rejection after being submerged in pH = 1 HNO3 solution for 60 d.

High rejection seawater reverse osmosis TFC membranes with a polyamide-polysulfonamide interpenetrated functional layer

Current polyamide thin-film composite (TFC) membranes for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) require enhanced rejection capabilities for high salinity application and the removal of neutral micropollutants. In this study, we developed high rejection SWRO membranes utilizing m-phenylenediamine (MPD) as the water phase monomer, trimethyl chloride (TMC) as the organic phase monomer, and naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonyl chloride (NTSC) as a molecular plug. Xylene was added to the heated organic phase to compensate for the flux loss due to the tightened functional layer. The membranes were characterized in detail with ATR-FTIR, XPS, SEM, AFM, WCA, surface zeta potential, Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PALS), and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Our results indicate that adding xylene into the organic phase enhances flux, while heating the organic phase to 90oC benefits both flux and rejection. Furthermore, the addition of NTSC further improves the rejection. The variation in membrane flux correlates with the functional layer morphology under SEM and the membrane rejection properties correspond well with the functional layer free volume results by PALS. Due to the low reactivity of sulfonyl chloride, NTSC can only form oligomers embedding into the polyamide network, resulting in significantly higher rejection of sodium chloride (99.90 %) and boron (92.39 %) with a flux of 37.85 L m−2 h−1 under the conditions of 35000 ppm NaCl and 5 ppm boric acid at 800 psi. This work demonstrates that high rejection SWRO membranes can be successfully achieved by an in situ “swelling and filling” method.

AIE-derived fluorescent silsesquioxane-based hybrid aerogel for light-enhanced gold recovery

In this work, two aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active organic fluorescent monomers (TPV, TPC) were synthesized by Knoevenagel reaction of 2,2′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)diacetonitrile with benzaldehyde and 4-bromobenzaldehyde, respectively. Subsequently, two fluorescent hybrid porous polymers with semiconductor performance (PCS-TPV, PCS-TPC) were prepared successfully by connecting octavinyl silsesquioxane (OVS) with TPV and TPC through Friedel-Crafts reaction and Heck coupling, respectively. Among them, PCS-TPV with a hyper-crosslinked structure offered a specific surface area of up to 1165 m2 g−1; PCS-TPC was the first AIE-derived fluorescent hybrid silsesquioxane-based semiconductor polymer with 3-D conjugated structure. Compared with PCS-TPV, PCS-TPC exhibited stronger visible light absorption, higher fluorescent performance and quantum yield due to its high AIE-active unit content. Besides, PCS-TPC exhibited a remarkable gold recovery capacity (Qm = 2728 mg g−1) when exposed to visible light irradiation. Adsorption mechanism revealed that the photoelectrons produced by PCS-TPC under visible light irradiation reduced all adsorbed Au(III) to Au(I) and Au(0). Furthermore, a hybrid aerogel was prepared through physical blending of PCS-TPC with chitosan, overcoming the limitation that insoluble powder was difficult to process and recycle. This work provided a very efficient, sustainable, and industrially feasible way for gold recovery in e-waste.

Synthesis of MOF@COF composites and study on dye adsorption properties

MOF@COF hybrid materials not only have high stability and adjustable function, but also have the characteristics of MOFs and COFs materials, which make them have important application value in the field of adsorption. This article employs 1,3,5-benzene tricarbonyl chloride and p-Phenylenediamine as covalent organic framework monomers. Through the in-situ growth of covalent organic frameworks (COF) on the surface of NH2-MIL-88(Fe) material, a novel, stable, and porous COF-on-MOF hybrid material (NH2-MIL-88(Fe)/COF) was synthesized. The structure, morphology, and performance of the hybrid material were thoroughly examined using characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Subsequently, We explored the MOF@COF hybrid material as an effective adsorbent for removing organic dyes, namely methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and crystal violet (CV). The influence of various adsorption parameters, such as adsorption time, initial dye concentration, and different pH values, on dye adsorption performance was systematically investigated. Experimental results revealed that at pH = 7, NH2-MIL-88(Fe)/COF demonstrates maximum adsorption capacities of 114 mg·g−1, 106 mg·g−1, and 102 mg·g−1 for methylene blue, methyl orange, and crystal violet, respectively. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models. Lastly, NH2-MIL-88(Fe)/COF maintains high removal efficiency for the three dyes even after five repeated uses, establishing it as a stable and efficient adsorbent. The research findings suggest that MOF@COF hybrid materials hold promising applications in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater.

Tow-way regulation strategy for in-situ electropolymerization additives coordinated by double bonds and boric acid groups in lithium secondary batteries

The stability and cycle life of the cathode material directly affect the electrochemical performance of the secondary battery, and the dendrite problem of the anode material greatly destroys its safety. To solve the above problems, here we report a small organic molecule monomer, 2,2-dimethylvinylboronic acid (DEBA) containing carbon–carbon double bonds and boric acid groups as electrolyte additive for lithium secondary battery. The unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds in DEBA can undergo in-situ electropolymerization during the electrochemical process, forming a polymer network. The electron-deficient boron element can easily combine with the electron-rich lithium salt anion to form a B-F bond. It can promote the transport rate of Li+, alleviate the Li+ concentration gradient at the interface, and achieve uniform and dense deposition on the Li metal surface. The Li//graphite and Li//LiFePO4 half-cell experiments show that DEBA has an excellent tow-way regulation effect. This rationally designed dual-functional electrolyte additive provides a broad prospect for future electrolyte engineering.

Polymerization of redox-active alizarin in biomass porous carbon with enhanced cycling stability for supercapacitor

Redox-active organic molecules have optimistic application prospects in energy storage due to their high theoretical capacitance, designable electrochemical activity and environmental friendliness. However, low conductivity and solubility in electrolyte severely hinder their redox activity. Here, alizarin molecules containing carbonyl and phenolic hydroxyl are encapsulated in biomass-derived porous carbon, and stable alizarin polymers are further grown on porous carbon substrate by electrochemical polymerization. Porous carbon as conductive network can improve electron transport properties, and provide suitable accommodation environment for confinement and polymerization of alizarin. The electrochemical polymerization strategy on carbon substrate allows alizarin to be connected by rigid C-O-C bond, which inhibits the dissolution of organic monomers while maintaining redox activity. The optimized polyalizarin/porous carbon composite (PAZ/PC-0.5) exhibits superior charge storage performance, with a specific capacitance of 355.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 220.8 F g−1 at high current density of 30 A g−1. Moreover, PAZ/PC electrode has more durable long-term charge-discharge stability (capacitance retention is 98 % after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles). The assembled symmetrical supercapacitor exhibits excellent energy-power characteristics (21.4 Wh kg−1 at 700 W kg−1) and durable cycle stability. This work sheds light on the design of stable organic electrode towards high-performance supercapacitor.

Mechanistic Insights into the Potentiodynamic Electrosynthesis of PEDOT Thin Films at a Polarizable Liquid|Liquid Interface.

Conducting polymer (CP) thin films find widespread use, for example in bioelectronic, energy harvesting and storage, and drug delivery technology. Electrosynthesis at a polarizable liquid|liquid interface using an aqueous oxidant and organic soluble monomer provides a route to free-standing and scalable CP thin films, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), in a single step at ambient conditions. Here, using the potentiodynamic technique of cyclic voltammetry, interfacial electrosynthesis involving ion exchange, electron transfer, and proton adsorption charge transfer processes is shown to be mechanistically distinct from CP electropolymerization at a solid electrode|electrolyte interface. During interfacial electrosynthesis, the applied interfacial Galvani potential difference controls the interfacial concentration of the oxidant, but not the CP redox state. Nevertheless, typical CP electropolymerization electrochemical behaviors, such as steady charge accumulation with each successive cycle and the appearance of a nucleation loop, were observed. By combining (spectro)electrochemical measurements and theoretical models, this work identifies the underlying mechanistic origin of each feature on the cyclic voltammograms (CVs) due to charge accumulated from Faradaic and capacitive processes as the PEDOT thin film grows. To prevent overoxidation during interfacial electrosynthesis with a powerful cerium aqueous oxidant, scan rates in excess 25 mV·s-1 were optimal. The experimental methodology and theoretical models outlined in this article provide a broadly generic framework to understand evolving CVs during interfacial electrosynthesis using any suitable oxidant/monomer combination.

Electrolyte-triggered in-situ polymerization of multi-site organic cathodes for superior-longevity cation-anion co-storage secondary batteries

Organic electrodes are promising as next-generation energy storage materials owing to their diverse structures, low mass, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the dissolution and degradation of organic active species in electrolytes are remaining obstacles to their authentic commercialization. Herein, we report an instantaneous in-situ upgrading strategy to convert multi-site organic cathode materials, e.g., 1-aminoanthraquinone (1-AAQ) and 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone (1,5-DAAQ), into poly(1-aminoanthraquinone) (PAAQ) and poly(1,5-diaminoanthraquinone) (PDAAQ) simply by dropping the electrolyte during battery assembly without extra operations. The remarkable chemistry is essentially a chemical polymerization process of redox-active organic monomers triggered by the electrolyte containing magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) (Mg(HMDS)2) as an initiator. Notably, due to the π-conjugated polymer chain with inhibited dissolution, high conductivity, and improved stability, the as-obtained PDAAQ cathode delivered a high specific capacity (254 mAh/g at 100 mA/g), superior rate performance (83 mAh/g at 2000 mA/g), and excellent cycling stability for over 8000 cycles accompanied by an average capacity decay of only 0.0026 % per cycle. Detailed characterizations further explore the kinetic behaviors and verify a reversible hybrid cation–anion co-redox mechanism of PDDAQ cathode, which involves reversible Mg2+ cation insertion/extraction on AQ units and anion doping/de-doping reactions on the PANI backbones. Density functional theory (DFT) computations demonstrate the optimized structure of the discharged products and indicate that Mg2+ preferably interact with two carbonyls oxygen atoms and nitrogen atom for both PAAQ and PDAAQ. This study demonstrates an intriguing in-situ chemical-polymerization synthetic approach for preparing multi-site organic electrode materials that compromise structure optimization and synthetic efforts, offering great promise for high-performance and sustainable secondary batteries.

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration for Production of Synthetic Materials

The processes of carbon dioxide sequestration at obtaining various inorganic carbonate materials, including with the use of biotechnologies, and formation of organic polymers and monomers for them from CO2 are considered. It is revealed that in the case of inorganic materials the use of slags and sludges containing a large amount of metal oxides from various industries looks the most appropriate, and in the case of materials based on organic polymers the technologies based on polycarbonates, as well as polycarbonate-containing polyols and phosgene-free isocyanates for polyurethanes are preferable. New promising methods under active development but not yet industrially applied, such as electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide and its condensation with butadiene, are analyzed.

Thermally stable thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes derived from 3,3′-diaminobenzidine

The rapid development of modern industrialization has put forward high demands on separation and purification technologies. To reduce energy consumption, improve efficiency, and enhance process flexibility, nanofiltration membranes for high temperature separation have become more and more important. Herein, we report the use of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the aqueous phase monomer and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as the organic phase monomer to engineer thermally resistant nanofiltration membranes via interfacial polymerization. The incorporation of DAB enhances the rigidity of the cross-linked polyamide network, reduces segmental thermal motion at high temperature, and improves the thermal stability of the composite membrane. The variations in fractional free volumes of the nanofiltration membranes were analyzed at different temperatures by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, which have also been confirmed by experiments. The findings reveal that incorporating a rigid monomer into the polyamide layer can significantly enhance the thermal resistance. The resultant composite membrane exhibits outstanding resistance to high-temperature feed solutions, boasting a highly stable rejection rate (97.0 %) to Na2SO4 between 25–85 °C. Remarkably, even under sustained operation at 85 °C for 12 h, the rejection rate is consistently stable. This work presents a novel system for the design of thermally stable nanofiltration membranes for high temperature separation.

Modulating interfacial polymerization by combination of organic phase additives and trimesoyl chloride for preparing high-performance thin-film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes

Incorporating hydrophilic nanoparticles into organic phase during interfacial polymerization (IP) to establish covalent bonds with organic phase monomers has proven to be a successful approach for fabricating high-performance thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. However, the effect of covalent bonds number on the membrane structure and properties remains uncertain. Herein, hydrochloric acid doped polyaniline (PANI-HCl) with a small amount of amine groups and inherent polyaniline (PANI-base) nanomaterials with a larger amount of amine groups were prepared as organic phase additives for preparing high-performance TFN RO membranes. The amine groups on the nanoparticles can bond covalently with the acyl chloride groups of trimethyl chloride (TMC), leading to the accumulation of TMCs at organic/aqueous interface and accelerates IP reaction rate, resulting in a thinner, denser polyamide layer with more leaf-like structures and free volume. The water permeance of the PANI-base-RO membrane was improved by 62.5 % from 0.8 to 1.3 Lm−2h−1bar−1, and the NaCl rejection was improved from 97.6 % to 99.4 % compared with the pristine membrane. Overall, this work highlights the beneficial impact of organic phase additives with more amine groups on enhancing the desalination performance of RO membranes, providing valuable insights for the structural design of additives and dispersing medium selection.

On-demand detachable and reuseable adhesives assembled by organic-silicon nanogels with wide applicability and excellent harsh-environment resistance

Detachable adhesives are extensively utilized in many fields such as electronic assembly and medical devices, yet achieving a balance between adhesive strength and removability still remains a significant challenge. In this study, we designed a kind of novel adhesive of organic-silicon nanogels (P(TPHA-Si)) based on the self-polymerizing of an organic siloxane monomer (TPHA-Si) in ethanol/water mixture under mild conditions. P(TPHA-Si) self-assembled adhesive possessed not only detachable and reuseable advantages, but also wide applicability and excellent harsh-environment resistance. Remarkably, the adhesive strength to glass reached up to 14.6 MPa, heretofore one of the highest strengths of detachable adhesives. The P(TPHA-Si) adhesive could be easily dissociated by ethanol infiltration, allowing for an environmentally friendly detachability and user-friendly reusability. On the other hand, P(TPHA-Si) adhesive could withstand harsh environmental conditions including different acid, alkali and salt solutions, various organic solvents, and −20–120 °C temperatures. Through empirical and theoretical computations, the molecular mechanism underlying the high-strength, detachable adhesion had been validated and elucidated. Considering the ease of processing, cost-effectiveness, Eco-friendly ethanol-assisted detachability and reusability, as well as strong adhesion under harsh conditions, the design of transparent P(TPHA-Si) adhesive offers a commendable pathway for the development of multifunctional detachable adhesives, which are expected to be able to exhibit great potential for applications in electronics and medical fields.

(Invited) Recent Progress in Organic-Based Aqueous Flow Batteries

We have developed high performance flow batteries based on the aqueous redox behavior of small organic and metalorganic monomers composed of earth-abundant elements. These redox active materials can be inexpensive and exhibit rapid redox kinetics and high solubilities, potentially enabling rapid scaling of flow batteries at reduced cost. Adequate molecular lifetime has been one of the most challenging requirements to satisfy. We have shown that the amount of lost capacity is determined by the molecular calendar life, which can depend on state of charge, but is independent of the number of charge-discharge cycles imposed. I will discuss recent progress in molecule development and in measuring extremely small capacity fade rates and will discuss how an understanding of molecular decomposition mechanisms has permitted us to design molecules with decadal projected lifetimes and even to reverse capacity fade by recomposing decomposed molecules within the functioning battery electrolyte.

High Performance Dental Zirconia Ceramics Fabricated by Vat Photopolymerization Based on Aqueous Suspension

Currently, a significant challenge in the fabrication of ceramic dental prostheses via vat photopolymerization lies in the utilization of slurries composed of organic monomers, which compromises environmental sustainability and impedes commercial viability. In this research, we successfully develop a low-viscosity aqueous zirconia ceramic suspension with a solid loading of 40 vol% and 20 vol% deionized waters, incorporating 3 wt% dispersant and 0.5 wt% photoinitiator for printing dental crowns using vat photopolymerization. The resulting green bodies require only water washing to remove unreacted material. The printed ceramics demonstrate an average flexural strength of 708 MPa, a relative density of 98.3 %, and a Vickers hardness of 14.7 GPa. A dental crown is ultimately fabricated with an accuracy of 92.8 %. This study demonstrates that zirconia ceramics fabricated by vat photopolymerization with aqueous suspension exhibit excellent mechanical properties and accuracy, highlighting their potential for broad applications in dental restorations through an environmentally sustainable approach.

A novel loose nanofiltration membrane constructed by 1, 2-bis (N-aminoethyl imidazoline) ethane as an aqueous monomer for precise dye/salt separation

In dye/salt separation of textile industry wastewater, bio-fouling holds negative effects on separation ability of loose nanofiltration (LNF) membrane. A novel ultra-high in-situ anti-bacterial LNF membrane was firstly fabricated through interfacial polymerization (IP) using a synthetic aqueous monomer of 1,2-bis (N-aminoethyl imidazoline) ethane (BAIE) and a commercial organic monomer of 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene (TBB) in this work. Notably, the BAIE-TBB LNF membrane containing anti-bacterial imidazole structures by IP process could prevent the loss of anti-bacterial modifiers and keep the imidazole structures loaded meanly. It showed significant anti-bacterial performance for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the fabricated BAIE-TBB LNF membrane with 0.1 wt% TBB (M-0.1) exhibited an ultra-high water permeance of 157.1 LMH/bar, a high Congo Red (CR, 100 ppm) rejection of 99.6 %, and a low NaCl (1000 ppm) rejection of 1.5 %, due to its relatively loose functional layer. For the salt/dye mixed solution, M-0.1 presented excellent separation performance with a CR/NaCl separation factor (α 246.3), and still exhibited good salt/dye separation performance under high salt concentration. With excellent water permeability, dye/salt separation, and anti-bacterial properties, BAIE-TBB LNF membrane holds great application potential in dye/salt separation.

Sequential Electrochemical and Chemical Multi-Polymerization of Catechol for Abatement of Environmental Pollutants

Catechol is a substance that is commonly found in wastewaters from a variety of sectors including paper, paint, petroleum, dyes, antioxidants, pesticides, iron and steel, solvents, nylon, detergent, textile, plastic, rubber, cosmetics, and medicine. In this study, sequential electrochemical and chemical multi-polymerization of catechol was investigated for environmental pollution abatement. The effect of operating parameters like catechol concentration (2–10 g/L), ammonium persulphate (APS) concentration (2–10 g/L) and reaction temperature (20–60 °C) were evaluated using response surface methodology. Catechol concentration was determined using HPLC in a gradient mobile phase. The electrochemical behavior of the polymer was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The structural and morphological properties of polycatechol were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) analysis. It was observed from the SEM images a polymeric structure developed from a crystalline and heterogeneous structure when the APS concentration increased. Similarly, it was seen in SEM images that the polymers transitioned from a bulk and heterogeneous structure to a homogeneous structure as the temperature increased, and back to a heterogeneous structure as the catechol concentration increased. It was also found that catechol removal increased and reaction selectivity decreased by increasing the reaction temperature. The optimum operating conditions were found as 4 g/L catechol concentration, 9.5 g/L APS concentration, 30 °C reaction temperature with 100 cycles at 50 mV/s of electrochemical polymerization and 72 h of chemical polymerization. The results of this study show the potential of challenging new routes not only facile polymerization of organic monomers but also to decrease the undesirable pollutant concentration in the wastewater.

Efficient Photocatalytic System based on Schiff‐Base Type Hybrid Polymers for Energy Conversion and Water Treatment

AbstractIn this contribution, a new Schiff‐base hybrid cross‐linked polymer (TFPT‐SHCP) derived from triazine derivatives and silsesquioxanes was developed, and its photocatalytic performance was systematically investigated. Compared with traditional organic Schiff base catalysts, in TFPT‐SHCP, organic inorganic hybrid silsesquioxanes monomers at the molecular level can serve as a sturdy host backbone, bringing structural ultrastability to the final material. And their excellent strength and durability make them have good application prospects in water treatment. Furthermore, the introduction of triazine derivatives with excellent photoelectric performance and the construction of −C=N‐ result in excellent photocatalytic performance of TFPT‐SHCP. The as‐prepared TFPT‐SHCP exhibits excellent degradation capacity of various organic pollutants under visible light catalysis, with degradation rate constants for Congo Red (CR), rhodamine B (RB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) reaching 0.302 min−1, 0.121 min−1, 0.161 min−1, respectively. Under simulated outdoor conditions, dye solutions with concentrations up to 500 ppm can be degraded to complete decolorization within 5 weeks. This work demonstrates the enormous potential of POSS‐based Schiff base materials as a platform for visible light catalysts, paving the way for the pre design and functionalization of related materials in the future.

Nonenzymatic electrochemical detection of endocrine disruptor (Bisphenol-A) based on biogenic α-Fe2O3 nano enabled interface prepared by Bluemea sinuata leaf extract

One of the most important organic monomers in the manufacturing of plastic is bisphenol-A (BPA), which is widely used in food packaging, containers, and water pipelines, among other industries. However, because of how easily it contaminates food and water and causes illnesses, including cancer, heart disease, and developmental abnormalities, its extensive usage carries serious dangers to human health and the environment. BPA is nevertheless widely used in numerous products despite its negative effects. A new technique using α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles synthesized from Bluemea sinuate leaf extract is offered to address the requirement for effective BPA detection. The production and composition of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were confirmed via rigorous characterization techniques, such as XRD, IR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, TEM, and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The nanoparticles showed promising morphology and structure. Then, via electrophoretic deposition, an α-Fe2O3/ITO electrode was created, which showed superior electrochemical qualities for BPA detection. The electrode demonstrated excellent durability and reusability along with great sensitivity (14.4 µA µM−1 cm−2) and a low detection limit (0.03256 µM). The created electrode offers a viable way to quickly and precisely identify BPA in a variety of samples, supporting initiatives related to health, safety, and the environment.