With the development of Chemistry industry, more and more organic mercury compounds are now found in environment and the level of their exposure is increasing, polluting and harming the environment. Humans may be exposed to organic forms of mercury through inhalation, oral routes. Among them, the most common phenomenon is by eating fish and shellfish contaminated by methylmercury. Many methods are used in detecting the existence of mercury in the tissue of samples or the concentration of mercury in sediments of Minamata Bay, which is the origin of Minamata disease, such as using ammonium sulfide and hydrogen sulfate through the observation of brownish back granules. Generally, the effects of exposure to organic mercury are primarily on the nervous system, while many other organ systems may also be affected, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, liver, immune system, skin, and kidneys. The study investigates the physiological effect of the organic mercury and how to detect the existence of the organic mercury in the environment.