Organic Inclusions Research Articles

Facilitation of Creative Self-Actualization of a Person with Disabilities and People with Disabilities in the Process of Professional and Life Self-Determination within the Conditions of Specially Organized Events

The facilitation of creative self-actualization of a person with disabilities and people with disabilities finds itself at the forefront of the conditions that lead to the organic inclusion of the people with specific educational needs into the society. At the university, this process determines the need for an academic mentor able to fulfill the function of facilitation within a developed system of cross-level connections in between all the elements of special and inclusive education that considers a multi-level model of personal development and upbringing through environmental interaction in full. The purpose of this research is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the process of creative self–realization of a person with disabilities and people with disabilities. Modeling environmental characteristics, substantiation of network cooperation in the interests of a self-fulfilling personality are in the focus of this paper. The research methodology is based on the theoretical constructs of the cultural and historical concept (L. S. Vygotsky); holistic approach in psychology (A. Maslow); humanistic psychology (K. Rogers). The results of the study represent a scientific generalization of empirical experience and the results obtained within longitudinal procedures of more than twenty years. In special psychology, there is a tradition of the long-term, rigorous research on a person with special educational needs and people with disabilities. The survey analysis gives grounds for a holistic perspective of a person – “a unified personality in a holistic world.” In conclusion of the research based on theoretical modeling and a longitudinal experiment that covers twenty years, we present a comprehensive psychological and pedagogical model of support at various stages along with the path of self–actualization for each of them. Based on self-realization via creative self-actualization in the space of assistive solutions aimed at combining efforts and a kind of “holistic ecumenism” the survey presents a predicted development space individuals in special inclusive education.

Ex vivo functional whole organ in biomedical research: a review.

Model systems are critical in biomedical and preclinical research. Animal and in vitro models serve an important role in our current understanding of human physiology, disease pathophysiology, and therapy development. However, if the system is between cell culture and animal models, it may be able to overcome the knowledge gap that exists in the current system. Studies employing ex vivo organs as models have not been thoroughly investigated. Though the integration of other organs and systems has an impact on many biological mechanisms and disorders, it can add a new dimension to modeling and aid in the identification of new possible therapeutic targets. Here, we have discussed why the ex vivo organ model is desirable and the importance of the inclusion of organs from diverse species, described its historical aspects, studied organs as models in scientific research, and its ex vivo stability. Wealso discussed,how an ex vivo organ model might help researchers better understand organ physiology, as well as organ-specific diseases and therapeutic targets. We emphasized how this ex vivo organ dynamics will be more competent than existing models, as well as what tissues or organs would have potentially viable longevity for ex vivo modeling including human tissues, organs, and/or at least biopsies and its possible advantage in clinical medicine including organ transplantation procedure and precision medicine.

Роль виолончели в рок-музыке ХХ века

The focus of this article is the actualization of the cello in the rock music of the 20th century and further performance modifications associated with this instrument in the 21st century. The article examines changes in the design features of the instrument itself (electric cello), the birth of cello rock (Electric Light Orchestra) and the cello boom in rock music in the 1990s-2000s (Apocalyptica and other bands), and from this perspective, it touches upon some aspects of creative work and features of the performing manner of some rock group musicians. Particular attention is paid to the creative activity of the Balkan duo 2CELLOS. Having done a detailed historical and cultural review of this musical phenomenon, the author draws a conclusion about the organic inclusion of cello rock in the musical culture of the 20th — 21st centuries.

Microstructural and excess conductivity properties of Y-123: effect of organic polymer chitosan inclusion

Microstructural and excess conductivity properties of Y-123: effect of organic polymer chitosan inclusion

Source rocks of the Birrindudu Basin: perspectives from a new sampling program

The Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Birrindudu Basin is an underexplored frontier basin straddling the Northern Territory and Western Australia, and is a region of focus for the second phase of Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program (2020–2024). Hydrocarbon exploration in the Birrindudu Basin has been limited and a thorough assessment of the basin’s petroleum potential is lacking due to the absence of data in the region. To bridge this data gap, a comprehensive analytical program including organic petrology, programmed pyrolysis and oil fluid inclusion analysis was undertaken on cores from six drill holes to improve the understanding of the basin’s source rock potential and assess petroleum migration. Organic petrological analyses reveal that the primary maceral identified in the cores is alginite mainly originating from filamentous cyanobacteria, while bitumen is the most common unstructured secondary organic matter. New reflectance data based on alginite and bitumen reflectance indicate the sampled sections have reached a thermal maturity suitable for hydrocarbon generation. Oil inclusion analyses provide evidence for oil generation and migration, and hence elements of a petroleum system are present in the basin.

Moisture Optimization and Energy Saving Effects of Combined Organic Acid and Surfactant Inclusion in Pelleted Feed Production

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of inclusion of an organic acid and surfactant (OS) combination on moisture optimization and energy sparing in the production of pelleted compound feeds for dairy and beef cattle. The trial was carried out in two independent private commercial feed factories (factories A and B) producing cattle feed in pellet form. Each factory produced 21 tons of commercial cattle feed (7 batches; 3 tons per batch); factory A, a dairy feed containing 2620 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME) with 18.90% crude protein (CP); and factory B, a fattening feed containing 2550 kcal/kg ME with 13.00% CP. Batches for the treatment groups were prepared by adding 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ton of OS (Fylax flow) respectively to these basal feeds in the mixer. The moisture retention capacity during pelleting process of all three OS supplemented feeds increased in comparison to the basal feed, whilst moisture content of the finished feeds and energy consumed for production decreased significantly. It was observed that increasing the OS supplementation to 1.5 kg could further increase the moisture retention capacity and moisture content in pellet production compared to the feeds supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 kg OS, due to the lower power rating of the equipment. It has thus been concluded that adding 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg of OS to commercial compound feeds for dairy resulted in a profitable production with good moisture optimization and energy savings during pelleting.

RECONSTRUCTING THE CHRONOLOGY OF BUILDING THE SOUTHWEST CHURCH OF UMM EL-JIMAL, JORDAN BY AMS RADIOCARBON DATING OF MORTAR AND PLASTER

ABSTRACTThe research aims to reconstruct the chronology of building the Southwest Church, Umm el-Jimal, Jordan by AMS radiocarbon dating organic inclusions uncovered from the mortars collected from the floor of the church, seat of the apse and the base of the north wall. It sheds light on the major aspects of mortar recipes at the time of their production. Samples were examined macroscopically with magnifying lenses and characterized using archaeometric techniques of optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The radiocarbon dates showed that 594–643 AD is the most probable age for flooring and plastering the church and 995–1154 AD is the earliest possible date for its final collapse. The preparatory layers of the church floor were laid on an older one, probably of a yard, and its north wall was raised on an older base, both most probably date to the late fifth–early sixth century AD. The production recipe of the mortars is made from a lime binder and inclusions mainly of organic (charcoal) and inorganic (quartz, grog, volcanics). The mortars have the same recipe regardless their bedding and jointing functions which remained unchanged during the building stages of church complex.

Features of the morphogenesis of oxalate and urate urinary stones in urolithiasis patients from heavely industrialized region.

Aim: Determining the characteristics of urinary stone composition in inhabitants of an industrially advanced region afflicted with oxalate and urate urolithiasis. Materials and Methods: A comparative analysis of the morphology of 246 kidney stones from residents of one of heavily industrialized region of Ukraine, was conducted. Petrographic examination of the calculi was performed through microscopic analysis. The qualitative composition of the calculi was investigated using X-ray structural analysis of fragments and dust remnants of the stones, which were formed during the preparation of thin sections. Results: A distinctive characteristic of all mineral components is their varying microblock structure and the presence of organic material inclusions. The inclusion of an organic component reduces the strength of the crystalline layers. Urolith resembles a brittle-hollow environment, which in certain cases allows for the selection of the most effective methods of their destruction (lithotripsy). Conclusions: A common feature among all mineral components is their diverse microblock structure and the presence of organic inclusions, which diversify the strength characteristics of uroliths. The prior determination of these characteristics allows for the selection of the most ef f ective method for destructive treatment (lithotripsy). The combination of data on the ontogenesis of uroliths, their mineral composition, and the state of the electrolyte balance in the body of a patient with urolithiasis will allow choosing an individually effective method of metaphylaxis of the disease.

Searching for Life in Hot Spring Carbonate Systems: Investigating Raman Spectra of Carotenoid-Bearing Organic Carbonaceous Inclusions from Travertines of Italy.

Carotenoid pigments provide some of the most common exclusively biogenic markers on Earth, and these organic pigments may be present in extraterrestrial life. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify carotenoids quickly and accurately through the inelastic scattering of laser light. In this study, we show that Raman spectra of organic matter found in hot spring bacterial assemblages exhibit "spectral overprinting" of the carotenoid spectrum by the carbon spectrum as the organic matter progressively breaks down. Here, we present how, with increasing thermal maturity, the relative intensity of the carotenoid spectrum increases, and as maturity increases a low-intensity carbon spectrum forms in the same region as the carotenoid spectrum. This carbon spectrum increases in intensity as the thermal maturity increases further, progressively obscuring the carotenoid spectrum until only the carbon spectrum can be observed. This means key carotenoid biogenic signatures in hot spring deposits may be hidden within carbon spectra. A detailed study of the transition from carotenoid to carbon, Raman spectra may help develop deconvolution processes that assist in positively identifying biogenic carbon over abiogenic carbon. Our results are relevant for the data analysis from the Raman spectroscopy instruments on the Perseverance (National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA]) and Rosalind Franklin (European Space Agency [ESA]) rovers.

Cretaceous amber insects

Abstract Amber first became relatively abundant and widespread in the geological record during the Cretaceous period. It originated often as copious resin production by a variety of incompletely understood coniferous trees, generally under humid climates, but not excluding seasonal aridity. Study of insect and other organic inclusions only commenced in the twentieth century, but has expanded considerably since then, with several thousand taxa now described. Cretaceous amber insects can be exquisitely preserved in three dimensions, although tend to be biased towards smaller individuals that lived in the local forest environment. They are therefore complemented by the Cretaceous rock record, which sampled larger insects and other habitats. As well as the fine morphological detail exhibited by the amber insect inclusions, various behaviours and interactions unlikely to be otherwise preserved can be found frozen in time, such as brooding behaviour and the entrapment of insects in spiders’ webs. Insects in amber also provide important information about evolutionary changes over the course of the Cretaceous, including the rise of eusociality and angiosperm pollination.

Crystallization features and physical properties of the thin-film heterostructure of lead zirconate titanate – lead oxide

Various diagnostic techniques aimed at studying the structure and physical properties (synchronous thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy operating in the current measurement mode, electron-probe X-ray spectral microanalysis, dynamic method for determining the pyroelectric response) were used to study the crystallization features and physical properties of the thin-film heterostructure PZT – PbO1+x formed by a two-stage technique of RF magnetron sputtering of a ceramic target. During the first stage, amorphous films were deposited on a “cold” platinized silicon substrate, while the second stage involved high-temperature annealing in air. It was shown that annealing of amorphous films and crystallization of the intermediate pyrochlore phase are accompanied by additional oxidation of the structure resulting in the formation of lead orthoplumbate and lead dioxide and additional oxidation of organic inclusions. The presence of a liquid phase of lead oxide contributes to the formation of the pyrochlore phase. It was found that lead oxide layers have significantly higher through conductivity than perovskite blocks. It was assumed that the increased conductivity of lead oxide layers is associated with lead dioxide, which has high conductive properties. Self-polarized thin films were detected to have an abnormal electrical response to the strobing thermal exposure, including the typical pyroelectric response, local photoconductivity shunted by layers of the perovskite phase, and through photoconductivity. The presence of photoconductivity is also associated with the conductive properties of lead dioxide

The chronology of Julianos Church, Umm el‐Jimal, Jordan: AMS radiocarbon dates of its synthronon

AbstractAn ongoing long debate on the chronology of Julianos Church, Umm el‐Jimal, northeast Jordan, started in the early 20th century. It was claimed to be the earliest dated church (ad 344) by an inscription not found in situ. After five decades, it was proven that the inscription was mistakenly associated to the church, and ‘after the start of the fifth century ad’ was suggested as a new date. It is still argued that this new date is an early one, and the church might have been built in the late fifth to early sixth century ad when compared to the dated churches of sites surrounding Umm el‐Jimal. This research aims to reconstruct the chronology of Julianos Church by AMS radiocarbon dating organic inclusions collected from mortar samples from the pavement, the coats of the tiers of the bench and the steps of the throne of the synthronon. The AMS radiocarbon dates agree with the archaeological data in that Julianos Church was renovated after its good‐quality initial construction. Hence, the last decades of the sixth century ad (565–607) are interpreted to be the most probable date for the renovation of the synthronon, while the fifth century ad, probably the second half (465–507 ad), might be the construction date of the old mosaic floor (i.e., the church).

Weakened AMOC related to cooling and atmospheric circulation shifts in the last interglacial Eastern Mediterranean

There is limited understanding of temperature and atmospheric circulation changes that accompany an Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowdown beyond the North Atlantic realm. A Peqi’in Cave (Israel) speleothem dated to the last interglacial period (LIG), 129–116 thousand years ago (ka), together with a large modern rainfall monitoring dataset, serve as the base for investigating past AMOC slowdown effects on the Eastern Mediterranean. Here, we reconstruct LIG temperatures and rainfall source using organic proxies (TEX86) and fluid inclusion water d-excess. The TEX86 data show a stepwise cooling from 19.8 ± 0.2° (ca. 128–126 ka) to 16.5 ± 0.6 °C (ca. 124–123 ka), while d-excess values decrease abruptly (ca. 126 ka). The d-excess shift suggests that rainfall was derived from more zonal Mediterranean air flow during the weakened AMOC interval. Decreasing rainfall d-excess trends over the last 25 years raise the question whether similar atmospheric circulation changes are also occurring today.

Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles generated from peels of Solanum tuberosum (potato) and their antibacterial and wastewater treatment potential

Global food production consumes a large fraction of energy budget, land area, and freshwater; however, a larger fraction of the produce is lost or unutilized, which has potential to produce useful products for human use. The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles from such waste food appears to be a promising strategy. A conservative estimate of 70–140 thousand tons of potato peels is produced annually by food-chain companies globally; however, they are primarily utilized to produce substandard feed for livestock or manure. For the formation of highly profitable compounds, enhancement of value, and the process of extraction, such as nanocomposite, organic antioxidants, and organic meal inclusions, potato peels can be used as a cheap, productive, and readily available source of raw material. In the present research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were extracted from the peels of potato (Solanum tuberosum). The fabrication of potato peel-derived AgNPs was established using UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. Approaches like X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to determine the characteristics of the AgNPs. Additionally, strains of Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 25923) and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 25922) were used to determine the antibacterial activity of AgNPs via the disc diffusion technique. The antibacterial properties of AgNPs could help protect food from microbial contamination. Furthermore, AgNPs were tested for their potential application in purification of industrial wastewater. The results revealed that AgNPs derived from the potato peels could be used in industrial and biomedical applications and possess excellent antibacterial activity. Our research suggests that AgNPs can be extracted from a safe and ecofriendly fabrication technique from largely unused potato peels that have a great potential for inhibiting the bacterial growth and for the in situ purification of wastewater in the upcoming years. Therefore, besides value addition to the farm produce, such recycling of potato peels is likely to reduce the burden of the solid waste volumes in agro-centers, kitchen wastes, and food industries across the globe.

EXTENSIVE SURVEY ON RADIOCARBON DATING OF ORGANIC INCLUSIONS IN MEDIEVAL MORTARS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

ABSTRACT Dating organic inclusions in mortars such as charcoals is a useful alternative or complementary method to dating mortars themselves, helping to estimate the building age. To assess the limitations of this dating approach, organic inclusions were searched for in surface mortar layers of six early to late medieval buildings in the Czech Republic with relatively well-known age. Altogether, 123 samples were found. About 80% were successfully radiocarbon (14C) dated. However, only 66% originated from wood relatively young when used in lime burning. To judge which samples are relevant to the actual building date, sufficient statistics is crucial. We recommend dating at least 5–10 samples, i.e., collecting 6–12 samples, for a site with uncomplicated building history, or per building phase. Otherwise, unrealistically old or young dates might be obtained. With the recommended statistics, inclusion-based dating provides building ages with uncertainty of 50–100 years.

Recycling of grounds for the construction of the railway subgrade

The relevance of the issue of construction waste management is considered on the example of soil during the construction of the railway track. The main requirements for the soils of the subgrade, as one of the components of the railway track, ensuring the safety of rolling stock movement, are listed. Definitions of construction waste and recycling are given; classification of waste generated during the dismantling and repair of railway track facilities in accordance with regulatory documents. The advantages, the main task of recycling, as well as the main reasons that exclude this method in solving the problem of getting rid of construction waste are indicated. The main pollutants of the soil, which is removed during the repair of the railway track, have been identified. The methods of utilization of soils for the construction of the railway subgrade containing petroleum and organic inclusions are considered. The main methods of extracting petroleum products, depending on the degree of contamination and terrain conditions, taking into account efficiency and environmental safety: physico-chemical method, cutting out the top layer of soil, washing with high-pressure water jets and pumping out pulp, microbiological cleaning, washing using drainage systems, capillary absorption of porous materials and others. Peat processing methods: production of pellets, pyrolysis, hydrolysis.

Oil Inclusions Found in Skeleton Crystals of Quartz Indicated the Existence of Organic Matter Surrounding Ancient Growth Environments.

In nature, minerals record various origins and information for geology and geobiochemistry. Here, we investigated the origin of organic matter and growth mechanism of quartz with oil inclusion revealing fluorescence under short ultraviolet (UV) light, obtained from the clay vein at Shimanto-cho, Kochi, Shikoku Island, Japan. Geological investigation indicated that the oil-quartz was formed in hydrothermal metamorphic veins found in the late Cretaceous interbedded sandstone and mudstone. The obtained oil-quartz crystals are mostly double-terminated. Micro-X-ray computed tomography (microCT) indicated that oil-quartz crystals have various veins originating as skeleton structures along the quartz crystal {111} and {1-11} faces. Spectroscopic and chromatographic studies indicated that aromatic ester and tetraterpene (lycopene) molecules, which revealed fluorescence, were detected. Large molecular weight sterol molecules, such as C40, were also detected in the vein of oil-quartz. This investigation indicated that organic inclusions in mineral crystals would form with ancient microorganism culture environments.

RADIOCARBON DATING OF GRASS-TEMPERED CERAMIC REVEALS THE EARLIEST POTTERY FROM SLOVAKIA PREDATES THE ARRIVAL OF FARMING

ABSTRACTIn the absence of wood, bone, and other organics, one possible candidate for determining the age of a site is the radiocarbon (14C) dating of pottery. In central Europe during the Early Neolithic, pottery was ubiquitous and contained substantial quantities of organic temper. However, attempts at the direct dating of organic inclusions raises a lot of methodological issues, especially when several sources of carbon contribute to the resulting radiocarbon age. Hence an alternative approach to dating of the early pottery is necessary. Here, we present a novel method of bulk separation of organic content from the grass-tempered pottery from Santovka (Slovakia). The procedure is based on the consecutive application of three inorganic acids, dissolving clay, silica content, and low molecular or mobile fractions to separate organic inclusions added to the pottery matrix during the formation of vessels. Radiocarbon dates obtained with this method are coherent and produce the shortest time span compared to other pretreatment methods presented in this study. The paired dates of grass-tempered pots with the 14C age of lipids extracted from the same pots point to a difference of 400–600 14C yr, however they are in line with the site’s chronostratigraphic Bayesian model. Grass-tempered pottery from Santovka (Slovakia) is dated to the first half of the 6th millennium cal BC, making it the earliest pottery north of the Danube. It seems feasible that ceramic containers from Santovka were produced by hunter-gatherers, and pottery predated the arrival of farming in the Carpathian region by a couple of centuries.

Long-term impact of pulses and organic amendments inclusion in cropping system on soil physical and chemical properties

Mono-cropping of maize–wheat, mechanical disintegration of soils, and continuous chemical fertilization have deteriorated soil health in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. We studied the long-term impact of pulse-based cropping systems with integrated nutrient management on soil physical and chemical properties and yield sustainability. We evaluated four different cropping systems: (1) maize–wheat (M–W), (2) maize–wheat–mungbean (M–W–Mb), (3) maize–wheat–maize–chickpea (M–W–M–C), (4) pigeonpea–wheat (P–W) each with three degrees of soil fertilization techniques: (1) unfertilized control (CT), (2) inorganic fertilization (RDF), and (3) integrated nutrient management (INM). The field experiment was undertaken in a split-plot design with three replications each year with a fixed layout. P–W and M–W–Mb systems enhanced soil properties such as volume expansion by 9–25% and porosity by 7–9% (p < 0.05) more than M–W, respectively. P–W and M–W–Mb increased soil organic carbon by 25–42% and 12–50% over M–W (RDF). P–W system enhanced water holding capacity and gravimetric moisture content by 10 and 11% (p < 0.05) than M–W. Pulse-based systems (P–W and M–W–Mb) had higher available nitrogen (8–11%), phosphorus (42–73%), and potassium (8–12%) over M–W (p < 0.05). M–W–Mb increased 26% maize yield and 21% wheat yield over M–W (p < 0.05) at the thirteenth crop cycle. P–W system had a higher sustainable yield index (p < 0.05) of wheat over the M–W. Thus, pulse inclusion in the cropping system in combination with INM can enhance physical and chemical properties vis-à-vis sustainable yield index over the cereal-cereal system.

Mass exchange in two-layer medium moving through the narrow cylindrical channel

This work further develops previous studies devoted to numerical modeling of diffuse mass transfer in narrow pore channels. The problem of diffusion in a two-layer liquid moving through narrow cylindrical channel, into which a neutral component, which does not interact with heterogeneous inclusions, diffuses, is considered. The dispersion carrier fluid moves close to the wal, while a reologically complicated two-phase medium occupies most of the channel. During the flow of a fine-dispersed concentrated suspension in a quasi-balanced condition, the reological properties of the medium were accepted as parameters of some homogenous liquid, which can be deemed an adequate approximation. This model can be used for some situations of flow in the chanal of fluid bodies which are capillary-porous and broken, such as those that contain muddy or clay inclusions. Similar mathematical models can be applied to paste sliding flows because of poor capillary fluid fixation. In this paper, two cases are considered. In the first scenario, a portion of the channel midsection is exceeded by the diffusing component. In the second, this component in the same location exits the channel. The non-stable problem is numerically solved before the creation of the stationary state. The installation procedure was monitored up to the fifth decimal digit. The resulting solution determines the concentration fields of the diffuse component. It is demonstrated that distribution of the diffuse component concentration in the working area is influenced by the rate of the medium speed; diffuse flow through the wall, and effective diffusion coefficient. In this work, the case is considered when there is no interaction between the diffusing component and the dispersed medium. However, the interaction of these components of the medium in soils, biological systems, and natural layers containing organic inclusions is of great interest. Therefore, accounting of adsorption properties of the dispersed medium in relation to the elements involved in mass exchange can be in the focus of future study. Taking into account large-scale metabolic processes, such as those in blood in the veins, is crucial in many practically significant circumstances.