Organic Culture Research Articles

Exfoliation of Graphite with Triazine Derivatives under Ball-Milling Conditions: Preparation of Few-Layer Graphene via Selective Noncovalent Interactions

A ball-milling treatment can be employed to exfoliate graphite through interactions with commercially available melamine under solid conditions. This procedure allows the fast production of relatively large quantities of material with a low presence of defects. The milling treatment can be modulated in order to achieve graphene flakes with different sizes. Once prepared, the graphene samples can be redispersed in organic solvents, water, or culture media, forming stable dispersions that can be used for multiple purposes. In the present work, we have screened electron-rich benzene derivatives along with triazine derivatives in their respective ability to exfoliate graphite. The results suggest that the formation of a hydrogen-bonding network is important for the formation of multipoint interactions with the surfaces of graphene, which can be used for the exfoliation of graphite and the stabilization of graphene in different solvents. Aminotriazine systems were found to be the best partners in the preparation and stabilization of graphene layers in different solvents, while the equivalent benzene derivatives did not show comparable exfoliation ability. Computational studies have also been performed to rationalize the experimental results. The results provide also the basis for further work in the preparation of noncovalently modified graphene, where derivatives of aminotriazines can be designed to form extensive hydrogen-bond 2D networks on the graphene surface with the aim of manipulating their electronic and chemical properties.

Pest, disease and weed incidence and crop yield as influenced by organic culture in tea [Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze

A field investigation was conducted in the Experimental Garden for Plantation Crops, Department of Tea Husbandry & Technology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam to study the incidence of pests, diseases and weeds in organic tea cultivation and yield of tea. Organic culture in tea was found to influence the ecology of the cultivated area. Incidence of tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora) and red spider mite (Oligonyclus coffeae) was relatively higher in the organically treated plots. Disease symptoms were not observed in these plots. Significantly higher predator population, weed intensity and weed biomass were also recorded in organic tea cultivation. Plants under organic treatments produced comparable yield as that of inorganic treatment.

LEAN-NPD적용에 따른 구조방정식모델 실증분석

Abstract Purpose: This study is about Lean-NPD (New Product Development). Lean-NPD is Pulip Line's New Product Development type. This study introduced Lean-NPD Definition, Case Study, and Research Model of Lean-NPD. Empirical results of this survey will be provide suggestions to workers.Methods: Researcher developed research model about Lean-NPD activities. And researched Lean-NPD. This study analyzed model fitness and path significant with SEM(Structural Equation Model). Results: Fitness of the research model was satisfactory level. Leadership capabilities and production oper-ations were significantly influence marketing capabilities(t> ±). Organizational culture significantly af-fected marketing capabilities(t> ±). R&D capabilities and marketing competencies had significant influence on business performance(t> ±). Marketing capabilities had significant influence on quantitative manage-ment performance(t> ±). Outstanding leadership appear to directly affect Qualitative Performance(t>±).Conclusion: Under the excellent leadership and management environment definite organic Lean-NPD organ-izational culture significantly affects the operation can be seen. Lean-NPD of operational activities to provide value to customers, customer-oriented marketing activities can be seen that more important than anything. Lean NPD based on customer needs is key factor of growth.Key Words: Lean-NPD(New Product Development), Leadership, Organic Organizational Culture, SEM(Structural Equation Model), Customer Oriented Marketing

Utilization of Periphytic Natural Food as Partial Replacement of Commercial Food in Organic Tilapia Culture - An Overview

ABSTRACT This article summarizes the results obtained during five years of research at the Dor Fish and Aquaculture Research Station on partial replacement of commercial food by periphytic natural food in the culture of organic tilapia (hybrid Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) x Oreochromis niloticus (L.)). Tilapia culture experiments were conducted in earth ponds with and without substrates, utilizing different substrates. Tilapias of sizes ranging from nursery to market-size fish were tested. Fish were stocked at densities common in organic fish culture, i.e. 5 tilapia/m2 at the nursery stage, 1.2-1.4 tilapia/m2 at the grow-out stage. Substrate experiments were carried out in 1 m3 cages protected from fish grazing to test growth of periphyton on materials with different characteristics. The findings show that the inclusion of substrates in the water body at an amount equivalent to 40-50% of the pond water surface, allows the reduction of commercial food input by 30-40% without significantly hampering fish growth rate. It is recommended to use rough, rigid, white substrates, on which periphyton growth of 2 g dry matter/m2/day has been measured. A figure and a table are provided as a tool to estimate periphyton contribution to the fish food ration, enabling the adjustment of the remaining daily food portion to be supplied as fish biomass increases during the culture period. Applying this technology will save food and money in the culture of organic tilapia, and it can also be appropriate in the conventional pond culture of tilapia as a method to reduce feed costs and increase sustainability.

Antioxidant activity in selected tomato genotypes cultivated in conventional and organic culture systems

The present study is a compilation of results obtained at the Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau regarding the influence of the culture system on the quantitative and qualitative yield of tomatoes. The present study provides comparative information regarding yield achievements of tomato genotypes cultivated in two different culture systems (conventional and organic), in order to highlight the suitability of the cultivation system. The best yield results were obtained at a density of 30,000 plants per hectare in both culture systems. All studied genotypes resulted in quantitatively superior yield in the conventional system as opposed to the organic system. Another purpose of this study was to determine the difference in antioxidant activity of tomato genotypes cultivated in the ecological and the conventional culture systems. The results indicate the suitability of the tomato to organic cultivation, highlighting the potential of the tomato species to be utilized as a significant source of natural antioxidants, and also the influence of cultivation systems on the accumulation of antioxidant compounds. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, polyphenols, flavones, yield

Research on Tissue Culture Technology of Racomitrium japonicum

The effects of different disinfectants on explants of Racomitrium japonicum were studied here. Suitable inoculation media were screened tentatively,and the effects of sucrose concentrations on growth of R. japonicum gametophytes were investigated. The results showed that a concentration of 0. 02% HgCl 2 for 45- 60 seconds was optimal for initiation cultures from fragments of gametophytes pre-immersed in 2% detergent for a period of time. The suitable inoculation medium for sterile explants was organic culture medium MS. Protonemal colonies and young gametophytes then grew well when 3% sucrose was added.

Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Fine Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Influenced by Organic Fertilizer

The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during 14 August to 7 December, 2008 to study the effects of organic fertilizer on yield performance of five fine rice cultivars viz., Rajshahi Swarna, Silkumul, Kataribhog, Lal Pajam and Sanla. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Effective tillers hill-1, plant height, panicle length, filled grains panicle-1, total grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index (HI) were significantly influenced by the combined effect of cultural conditions and rice cultivars. Under inorganic and organic culture, the highest grain yield was obtained from Rajshahi Swarna (2.90 and 2.74 t ha-1, respectively) and the lowest were from Sanla (2.20 and 1.74 t ha-1, respectively). All the cultivars showed better performance in respect of grain yield and other parameters under inorganic culture than organic culture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13146 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 98-103

Influence of Mulch Type and Fertilization System upon the Percentage of Fruits Set and Yield in Strawberry

In recent years, organic strawberry culture is becoming more and more important butknowledge concerning best practice is still contradictory. Behavior of ten strawberry cultivars -‘Alba’, ‘Kimberly’, ‘Korona’, ‘Elliany’, ‘Elsanta’, ‘VimaZanta’, ‘Viktoriana’, ‘Virena’, ‘VimaXima’,‘Premial’ under three different types of mulch (agro-textile, 0,04 mm thick black polyethylene andstraw) and two fertilizer systems (poultry manure and liquid NPK 24:8:16, Mg 2.2%, S 2%, B 0.03%,Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05% and Zn 0.025%) has been studied in climatic conditions from Cluj-Napoca,Romania in 2012. The control cultivar was ‘Premial’. Observation were made on number of trusses,number of flowers, percent of fruits set, and yield at end of first growing season. There were varietiesscattered compact trusses, with flowers arranged at or above the leaves. In the trusses, each flower issolitary or terminal and opens upward. The flowers are large, medium or small depending on thespecies and their position on the plant. The size of the fruit is related to the rank of the flower fromwhich the fruit developed. The best behavior in the experimental conditions proved ’Viktoriana’ and‘VimaXima’ because of their high productivity. It was noted that organic fertilization has a highinfluence on number of inflorescence ‘VimaXima’ and ‘Virena’ and the percentage of fruits set.

Produção orgânica de calêndula: um estudo de caso

Apresenta-se caracterização do processo de produção agrícola orgânica de Calendula officinalis L. no Estado de Santa Catarina, evidenciando particularidades e discrepâncias frente aos modelos já descritos na literatura especializada, a partir de visitas a campo, observação participante e entrevistas com um produtor de plantas medicinais. Identificaram-se como principais particularidades a saúde na agricultura familiar, demonstrada pela prática da cultura orgânica, além do controle de pragas e manuseio da produção. Os principais problemas ou divergências evidenciados foram: características do solo; época de plantio da calêndula e suas etapas posteriores, como transplante e floração. Aspectos da colheita foram discrepantes quanto ao período do dia indicado para o procedimento, bem como a ausência de informações do produtor quanto à existência de outros incentivos governamentais ao setor agrícola. Recomenda-se aos extensionistas rurais e/ou instituições competentes que busquem orientar os produtores orgânicos de calêndula para promover a adequação das práticas de cultivo dessa espécie medicinal.

폐쇄형 하우스를 이용한 인삼 재배에서 상토의 조성이 2년 근 인삼의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of various organic substrates on growth and yield of ginseng seedling grown organically in the closed plastic house. The pH and EC of substrates used for organically ginseng cultivation ranged 5.93~6.78 and 0.03~0.15 dS/m respectively. The concentrations NH4-N and NOsub3/sub-N respectively was 14.01~68.63 mg/L, 5.60~58.83 mg/L. The average quantum of the closed plastic house was range from 10 to 16% of natural light. In July and August, the maximum temperature of the closed plastic house did not exceed 30 and the average temperature was maintained within 25 lower than the field because air conditioning ran. The PPV-1 and PPV-2 bed soil substrates produced higher stem length, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight and leaf area than those of conventional culture. In PPV-2 bed soil substrates, root fresh weight and root diameter was the highest. The root fresh weight of PPV-2 bed soil substrates in closed plastic house was maximum 25% heavier than the conventional cultivation. The results of this experiment will be utilized for making new substrate application for organic ginseng culture in the plastic house.

Effect of Different Fertilizer Management on Soil Properties and Yield of Fine Rice Cultivar

The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during 14 August to 7 December, 2008 to study the effect of (different organic and inorganic) fertilizer management on soil properties and yield of five fine rice cultivars viz., Rajshahi swarna, Silkumul, Kataribhog, Lal pajam and Sanla. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. For post harvest soil, bulk density and pH gradually decreased in organic fertilizer management compared to inorganic fertilizer management. But percent organic carbon (0.68 to 0.80%) and organic matter (1.19 to 1.37%) of soil increased in organic management compared to inorganic management (0.53 to 0.66% and 0.91 to 1.14%, respectively). All the cultivars gave some-what better yield under inorganic management where the yield variation was minimum between organic and inorganic management. Conversely, organic culture had beneficial effects in improving soil properties and the sustainable agriculture mostly depends on soil organic matter. This organic matter will remain stable by using organic fertilizer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11588 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 239-242, 2012

An empirical study on relationship between organizational culture and administrative corruption

Article history: Received January 8, 2012 Received in Revised form April, 25, 2012 Accepted 1 May 2012 Available online May 4 2012 Bureaucratic corruption is an organizational phenomenon, which faces the trend of countries’ development with serious problems. In spite of all planning and respects of countries to fight against this phenomenon, we are still observing its growth in various aspects of the community. The basic approach emphasized by present study is that it is necessary to establish a corruption prevention system whose central element is social culture and organizational culture rather than relying upon the trends based on punishment after corruption. To perceive the relationship between organizational culture and bureaucratic health of organizations, we used a field approach and selected four governmental organizations namely “governorship”, “municipality”, “traffic police” and “customs to gather the data. We used two questionnaires A and B to gather the data on organizational culture and the relationship between culture and corruption, respectively. Initially, by distributing questionnaire A, we evaluated all four organizations in a manner that two organizations have bureaucratic culture and two organizations with organic culture. Then, questionnaire B was distributed among employees and clients of studied organizations (to acquire realer information on bureaucratic health rate) to study the relationship between the type of organizational culture and bureaucratic health. Research statistical population consists of all employees and clients of bureaucratic organizations in Chabahar province located in south east of Iran. Statistical sample consists of 146 clients and 146 employees of all four studied organizations. The results from data analysis show that there is no significant relationship between organic or mechanic organizational culture and employees’ bureaucratic health. © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Evolution of Human Eyesight: Mikhail Matiushin's Organic Culture in Russian Avant-Garde Art

The Russian avant-garde - whose ground-breaking artistic activities began with the founding of the Moscow group Bubnovoi Valet (Knave of Diamond) in 1909 and came to an end with the declaration of the doctrine of socialist realism in 1932 - has preoccupied scholars in the fields of art history, literature, history, and cultural studies since the late 1960s. Discussion usually centres on its revolutionary aspects, political dimensions, artistic inventions, and utopian visions. Art historians have examined the stylistic inventions of artists, such as Pavel Filonov, Kazimir Malevich, and Vladimir Tatlin, and explored the influences of primitivism, Russian folk art, and icon painting on Russian modernism in the works of Natalia Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov, and others. Placing the movement in its socio-historical and cultural contexts, scholars have also considered the utilitarian and social aspects of Russian constructivism and the foundational role of the movement in the totalitarian culture of the Stalin era.

Disease Occurrence in Organic Culture of Apple Sprayed with Brewed Vinegar and Electrolyzed Acid Water

Disease Occurrence in Organic Culture of Apple Sprayed with Brewed Vinegar and Electrolyzed Acid Water

Growing Organic Rabbiteye Blueberries in Georgia, USA: Results of Two Multi-Year Field Studies

South Georgia is a major blueberry production region located in the warm and humid northern subtropics. The region enjoys a favorable market window, but pressure from weeds, insects, and diseases raised questions as to whether organic production would be feasible in this climatic zone. Two multi-year field studies were conducted to determine the best practices for organic culture of blueberries and to compare yields with conventional production. Various methods of weed control were tested. While organic burn-down herbicides performed poorly on the grasses that are the dominating weeds in blueberry in southern Georgia, mulches and a rolling cultivator were successful in maintaining a weed-free strip on the side of the organic beds. Hand-weeding was needed at the interface between the mulches and the cultivated strip. Pine straw and pine bark mulch resulted in the lowest hand-weeding times, whereas pine bark and wheat straw were the highest-yielding treatments. Some other locally available plant-derived or synthetic mulches also performed well for organic blueberry establishment, hence, the decision as to which mulch to use can be based partly on availability of local resources. A separate 6-year study compared yields in conventional and organic production systems. Weed problems in year 1 caused the growth of the organically managed plants to fall behind those grown conventionally, but over time very good yields (ca. 5,900 kg /ha) were produced by the organic method using pine bark mulch, and net returns over the 6-year period were higher than conventional. Organic production of rabbiteye blueberries in Georgia appears commercially feasible.

상토의 물리.화학성이 시설하우스 묘삼의 생육에 미치는 영향

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of variouis organic substrates on growth and yield of organically grown ginseng seedlings in a shaded plastic house. In the investigation of optimal substrate, the eight substrate were formulated by adjusting blending rate of peatmoss, perlite, coir dust(coco peat), and vermiculite. Then, the changes in physico·chemical properties of root substrates as well as their influences on the growth characteristics and yield were determined at six months after sowing. The elevation of the blending rate of peatmoss from 50% to 70% with decrease in the rate of inorganic component (mixture of perlite and vermiculite) from 50 to 30% resulted in the increase in container capacities and decrease in total porosities and air-filled capacities. The concentrations of NH4-N, P2O5 and K increased as the incorporation rate of castor seed meal, phosphate ore, and langbenite, respectively, were elevated during the root medium formulations. The PPV-1 and PPV-4 substrates produced high stem length, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, leaf area and root length among eight substrate. Root fresh weight was heaviest in PPV-4 compound nursery media. The results of this experiment will be utilized in the new substrate application for ginseng organic culture in shaded vinyl house.

Exploring the Relationships between Strategy, Innovation, and Management Control Systems: The Roles of Social Networking, Organic Innovative Culture, and Formal Controls

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with the relationship between strategy, management control systems (MCS), and innovation. MCS are described in terms of a package of controls that is comprised of social networking, organic innovative culture, and formal controls. We develop a path model that proposes that product differentiation is associated with more extensive innovation. It is argued that this association is explained, in part, by paths from product differentiation to the three dimensions of MCS, and then paths from these MCS dimensions to innovation. Using a survey of Russian enterprises we confirm that product differentiation is associated with innovation. Also, product differentiation is associated with each dimension of the MCS. Organic innovative culture and formal controls have direct paths to innovation, while social networking has an effect on innovation by acting indirectly through its connection with organic innovative culture.JEL Classification: M41.

Effect of cultural system and essential oil treatment on antioxidant capacity in raspberries

The effects of cultural system and essential oil treatment on antioxidant capacities in raspberries were evaluated. Raspberries were hand-harvested from organic and conventional farms in Maryland, USA, and were treated with essential oil including carvacrol, anethole, cinnamic acid, perillaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and linalool. Results from this study showed that raspberries grown from organic culture exhibited higher value of antioxidant capacities and individual flavonoids contents. Moreover, the organic culture also enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, essential oil treatments promoted the antioxidant enzymes activities and antioxidant capacities of raspberries, and the most effective compound was perillaldehyde. In conclusion, raspberries produced from organic culture contained significantly higher antioxidant capacities than those produce from conventional culture. Postharvest essential oil treatments have positive effect on enhancing antioxidant capacities in raspberries from both organic and conventional cultures.

Soil organisms associated to the weed suppressant Crotalaria juncea (fabaceae) and its importance as a refuge for natural enemies

Soil organisms play an important role in organic crops of Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) and are associated with the natural conservation of the environment. The present study was aimed to investigate the population of soil organisms in the organic culture of C. juncea, as well as its importance as a refuge for natural enemies. Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Diabrotica sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Lagria villosa (Coleoptera: Lagriidae), Melanotus sp. (Coleoptera: Elateridae), Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Nephilidae), Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Myrmicidae), Phyllophaga sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), Procornitermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae), Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) were identified in C. juncea. The organisms that were found during a 3-month period in 144 trenches in C. juncea were pest species (84.47%) and natural enemies (15.53%) as well. Natural enemies had an average of 11.89 individuals per 1.08 m³ of soil cultivated with C. juncea. The abundance of organisms in the pod stage (5.49%) of C. juncea was lower than that in the vegetative (83.50%) and flowering (11.01%) stages. Crotalaria juncea plants can be used as part of a crop system for Integrated Pest Management.

Organics Olympiad 2011: Global Indices of Leadership in Organic Agriculture

Organic agriculture is now a worldwide phenomenon which is practiced in 160 countries. The Organics Olympiad presents 12 indices of global organics leadership, each at three levels. It yields 26 countries as global organics leaders, and reveals that organics leadership is diversely distributed across countries, large and small, rich and poor, developed and less so, as well as across linguistic and cultural barriers. Australia leads the world in organic agriculture hectares, Finland leads in organic wild culture hectares, China leads in organic aquaculture hectares, and Portugal leads in organic forest hectares. Germany leads in biodynamic hectares, as well as with the number of members of the International Federation of Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), and in the publishing of organics research papers. India is in the lead position for the number of organic producers, the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) leads in terms of the percentage of agricultural land dedicated as organic, and Denmark leads with the value of organics consumption per capita. Uruguay leads in the relative increase in organic hectares over the past decade, and Japan leads in the number of organics certifiers. The overall global organics leaders, on the basis of aggregated scores, are Germany, India and Denmark, in positions one, two and three, respectively. The successful global diffusion of organics, as demonstrated in this study, means that leadership lessons are available from a diversity of social, geographical, political, and ecological situations for both existing and aspiring organics leaders.