Organic Compounds Research Articles

CHEMOUT: CHEMical complexity in star-forming regions of the OUTer Galaxy. IV. ALMA observations of organic species at a galactocentric radius of ~ 23 kpc

Single-dish observations suggest that the abundances of organic species in star-forming regions of the outer Galaxy, which are characterised by sub-solar metallicities, are comparable to those found in the local Galaxy. To understand this counter-intuitive result and avoid a misleading interpretation due to beam dilution effects at these large distances, spatially resolved molecular emission maps are needed to correctly link the measured abundances and local physical properties. We observed several organic molecules with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array towards WB89-671, the source with the largest galactocentric distance (23.4 kpc) of the project CHEMical complexity in star-forming regions of the OUTer Galaxy (CHEMOUT) at a resolution of $ 15000$ au. We compared the observed molecular abundances with chemical model predictions. We detected emission of C$_4$H HCO HCS$^+$, CS, HN13C, and SO. The emission morphology is complex, extended, and different in each tracer. In particular, the most intense emission in and arises from two millimeter-continuum infrared-bright cores. The most intense and SO emission predominantly arises from the part of the filament that lacks continuum sources. The narrow line widths across the filament indicate quiescent gas in spite of the two embedded protostars. The derived molecular column densities are comparable with those in local star-forming regions, and they suggest an anti-correlation between hydrocarbons, ions, HCO, and on the one hand, and and SO on the other. The static chemical models that match the observed column densities best favour low-energy conditions that are expected at large galactocentric radii, but they also favour carbon elemental abundances that exceed those derived by extrapolating the C/H galactocentric gradient at 23 kpc by three times. This would indicate a flatter C/H trend at large galactocentric radii, which is in line with a flat abundance of organics. However, to properly reproduce the chemical composition of each region, models should include dynamical evolution.

Catalysts for Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs): Efficient Storage and Transport for Renewable Energy.

Restructuring the current energy industry towards sustainability requires transitioning from carbon based to renewable energy sources, reducing CO2 emissions. Hydrogen, is considered a significant clean energy carrier. However, it faces challenges in transportation and storage due to its high reactivity, flammability, and low density under ambient conditions. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers offer a solution for storing hydrogen because they allow for the economical and practical storage of organic compounds in regular vessels through hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. This review evaluates several hydrogen technologies aimed at addressing the challenges associated with hydrogen transportation and its economic viablity. The discussion delves into exploring the catalysts and their activity in the context of catalysts' development. This review highlights the pivotal role of various catalyst materials in enhancing the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation activities of multiple LOHC systems, including benzene/cyclohexane, toluene/methylcyclohexane (MCH), N-ethylcarbazole (NEC)/dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole (H12-NEC), and dibenzyltoluene (DBT)/perhydrodibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT). By exploring the catalytic properties of noble metals, transition metals, and multimetallic catalysts, the review provides valuable insights into their design and optimization. Also, the discussion revolved around the implementation of a hydrogen economy on a global scale, with a particular focus on the plans pertaining to Saudi Arabia and the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries. The review lays out the challenges this technology will face, including the need to increase its H2 capacity, reduce energy consumption by providing solutions, and guarantee the thermal stability of the materials.

New Synthetic Approaches for the Construction of Enantioenriched Molecules Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters

AbstractOptically active molecule architectures stand as an important class of organic compounds and occupy a key role in academic and industrial communities. Particularly, the molecules bearing quaternary carbon are of vital importance because of its favorable conformation and valuable three‐dimensional molecules, which frequently play a key role in a broad spectrum of functional materials, pharmaceutical relevant natural molecules, and agrochemicals. Over the past few decades, a large number of synthetic strategies for the enantioselective construction of compounds with chiral quaternary carbon centers have been the focus of a number of research initiatives. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art toward the synthesis of enantioenriched molecules bearing quaternary stereocenters are summarized, which could be segmented into four categories: 1) Construction of optically active quaternary carbon centers by addition to prochiral sp2 carbon; 2) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via substitution at non‐chiral tetra‐substituted carbon; 3) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via kinetic resolution; 4) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via desymmetrization reactions.

Integrating Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring, Ecological Momentary Assessment, and Spirometry to Evaluate Asthma Symptoms: Usability Study

Background Individuals are exposed to a variety of indoor residential toxins including volatile organic compounds and particulates. In adults with asthma, such exposures are associated with asthma symptoms, asthma exacerbations, and decreased lung function. However, data on these exposures and asthma-related outcomes are generally collected at different times and not in real time. The integration of multiple platforms to collect real-time data on environmental exposure, asthma symptoms, and lung function has rarely been explored. Objective This paper describes how adults with asthma perceive the acceptability and usability of three integrated devices: (1) residential indoor air quality monitor, (2) ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys delivered via a smartphone app, and (3) home spirometry, over 14 days. Methods Participants (N=40) with uncontrolled asthma were mailed the Awair Omni indoor air quality monitor, ZEPHYRx home spirometer, and detailed instructions required for the in-home monitoring. The air quality monitor, spirometer, and EMA app were set up and tested during a videoconference or phone orientation with a research team member. Midway through the 14-day data collection period, participants completed an interview about the acceptability of the study devices or apps, instructional materials provided, and the setup process. At the end of the 14-day data collection period, participants completed a modified System Usability Scale. A random sample of 20 participants also completed a phone interview regarding the acceptability of the study and the impact of the study on their asthma. Results Participants ranged in age from 26 to 77 (mean 45, SD 13.5) years and were primarily female (n=36, 90%), White (n=26, 67%), college graduates (n=25, 66%), and residing in a single-family home (n=30, 75%). Most indicated that the air quality monitor (n=23, 58%), the EMA (n=20, 50%), and the spirometer (n=17, 43%) were easy to set up and use. Challenges with the EMA included repetitive surveys, surveys arriving during the night, and technical issues. While the home spirometer was identified as a plausible means to evaluate lung function in real time, the interpretation of the readings was unclear, and several participants reported side effects from home spirometer use. Overall, the acceptability of the study and the System Usability Scale scores were high. Conclusions The study devices were highly acceptable and usable. Participant feedback was instrumental in identifying technical challenges that should be addressed in future studies.

Development of Abraham model correlations for predicting the solubility of crystalline organic compounds and inorganic gases in ethyl formate

ABSTRACT Abraham model correlations are derived for predicting the solubility of crystalline organic compounds and inorganic gases dissolved in ethyl formate based on published experimental data gathered from the chemical literature. The mathematical expressions presented in the current study described the observed solubility data to within an overall standard deviation of 0.12 log units. Comparison of the Abraham model expressions for ethyl formate versus our recently published equations for ethyl acetate reveals that of the two organic solvents, ethyl acetate exhibits a better H-bond acceptor character, while ethyl formate engages in the stronger dipolar interactions with neighbouring solute molecules.

Evaluating the impacts of printing operations on indoor air quality in a printing press

Purpose Building operations and human activities indoors continuously affect air quality, contaminating the air and sometimes exceeding permissible limits which can be health threatening either in the short or long time. This implies a need for strict awareness and compliance with air quality standards, particularly in workplaces prone to air contaminants emissions. This study aims to evaluate printing-related pollutant concentrations and their effects on indoor air quality (IAQ). The study investigated a printing press's total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions. Design/methodology/approach This study used mainly an experimental research design supported by physical assessment by identifying the major printing-related pollutants, assessing the existing situation and measuring pollutant concentration levels using literature reviews, walkthrough inspections and experiments, respectively. The measurements were conducted in two scenarios: with and without printing activities, and the results were compared with relevant standards and guidelines. Findings The outcomes indicate that TVOC concentration reaches 120 ppb during printing and binding activities, exceeding the 75 ppb acceptable limit based on the time-weighted average. The PM2.5 concentrations reach 49 µg/m3 and PM10 up to 150 µg/m3, exceeding acceptable levels given by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which are 35 µg/m3 and 150 µg/m3 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. These high concentrations of TVOC and PM indicate a significant risk to the health of building occupants, particularly those with respiratory conditions. PM concentrations do not exceed permissible levels when no printing or bookbinding occurs, suggesting that printing-related activities can contribute to elevated TVOC and PM concentrations. Social implications The social implication of the study lies in its ability to promote awareness among workers and improve their well-being which in turn relates to productivity. The study outcome could also encourage businesses to adopt more responsible environmental and social practices as part of corporate social responsibility practices. Originality/value The study's findings, which highlight the need for improved ventilation in printing halls, have the potential to significantly benefit building system designers, facility managers, policymakers and decision-makers. By providing information and theoretical support, the research can help integrate policies that regulate IAQ by reducing pollutant concentrations. This protects workers' health and helps update and enforce stricter IAQ regulations for industrial operations.

Fast prediction of anharmonic vibrational spectra for complex organic molecules

Interpreting Raman and IR vibrational spectra in complex organic molecules lacking symmetries poses a formidable challenge. In this study, we propose an innovative approach for simulating vibrational spectra and attributing observed peaks to molecular motions, even when highly anharmonic, without the need for computationally expensive ab initio calculations. Our approach stems from the time-dependent stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation to capture quantum nuclear fluctuations in atom dynamics while describing interatomic interaction through state-of-the-art reactive machine-learning force fields. Finally, we employ an isotropic charge model and a bond capacitor model trained on ab initio data to predict the intensity of IR and Raman signals.

Ratios of organic mass to organic carbon in fine particulate matter at urban sites in China and Korea during winter and summer.

This study evaluates the composition and seasonal characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during winter and summer through simultaneous measurements conducted at the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology in South Korea and the Changping campus of Peking University in China. PM2.5 samples were concurrently collected at both sites, and chemical analyses were conducted to quantify various components, including carbonaceous materials, ionic species, and metals. Although the average PM2.5 concentrations were comparable between the two sites, there were distinct differences in the concentrations of major components. Organic indicator compounds were analyzed to discern the contributions of primary and secondary pollution sources. Changping displayed a mix of primary and secondary pollution, characterized by higher concentrations of primary organic carbon (POC) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hopanes, compared to Gwangju. In contrast, Gwangju demonstrated a higher prevalence of secondary organic carbon (SOC), particularly water-soluble organic carbon not related to biomass burning (WSOCnbb) and various polar organic compounds. The organic mass to organic carbon (OM/OC) ratios estimated using the mass balance method revealed significant differences, with Gwangju showing a higher ratio of 2.3 compared to 1.9 at Changping, indicating a greater influence of secondary pollutants at Gwangju. Additionally, both Changping and Gwangju exhibited higher OM/OC ratios in summer (Changping: 2.0, Gwangju: 2.5) compared to winter (Changping: 1.8, Gwangju: 2.2), indicating seasonal differences in organic mass contributions to PM2.5. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for spatial and seasonal variations in air pollution studies and suggest that updating commonly used OM/OC ratios could enhance the reliability of research outcomes.

Analysis of emission of volatile organic compounds and thermal degradation in investment casting using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and three-dimensional printing (3DP) made of various thermoplastic polymers.

The study examined the degradation process of various types of polymers used to form models using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) and three-dimensional printing (3DP) methods and used in the investment casting method. Commercial filaments made of polylactide (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer (ABS), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), polyamide 12 (PA12), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and polypropylene (PP) were used to produce gypsum molds. The assessment included organic volatile compounds (VOCs) released during mold heating and model degradation, which is characteristic of this technological process. The screening qualitative chromatographic analysis of decomposition products sampled from various points of the production hall made it possible to define potential threats related to the processing of selected polymers and the necessary preventive measures. Furthermore, passive diffusion-type samplers were used at the sampling stage of VOCs emitted to the gaseous phase to reduce nuisance and user interference. Studies have been completed to characterize the thermoplastic polymer degradation process. The coupled thermogravimetry (TGA) with analysis of gaseous products by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation (FT-IR) has been used. The presented results are the first to compare and rate the use of this still-developing novel aspect of castings by the method of fused models.

Regulating Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds in Organic Cathode Materials to Realize Ultra‐stable, Flexible and Low‐temperature Aqueous Zinc‐organic Batteries

Rational design of molecular structures is one of the effective strategies to obtain high‐performance organic cathode materials. However, besides the optimization of single‐molecule structures, the influence of the "weak" interaction forces (e.g. hydrogen bonds) in organic cathode materials on the performance of batteries should be fully considered. Herein, three organic small molecules with different numbers of hydroxyl groups (namely nitrogen heterocyclic tetraketone (DAB), monohydroxyl nitrogen heterocyclic dione (HDA), dihydroxyl nitrogen heterocyclic dione (DHT)) were selected as the cathodes of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), and the effect of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds on their electrochemical performance was studied for the first time. Clearly, the stable hydrogen‐bond networks built through the hydroxyl groups significantly enhance the cycle stability of organic small‐molecule cathodes and facilitate rapid proton conduction between the hydrogen‐bond networks through the Grotthuss mechanism, thereby endowing them with excellent rate performance. In addition, a larger and more dense two‐dimensional hydrogen‐bond network can be constructed through multiple hydroxyl groups, further enhancing the structural stability of organic small‐molecule cathodes, giving them better cycle tolerance, excellent rate performance, and extreme environmental tolerance.

Regulating Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds in Organic Cathode Materials to Realize Ultra-stable, Flexible and Low-temperature Aqueous Zinc-organic Batteries.

Rational design of molecular structures is one of the effective strategies to obtain high-performance organic cathode materials. However, besides the optimization of single-molecule structures, the influence of the "weak" interaction forces (e.g. hydrogen bonds) in organic cathode materials on the performance of batteries should be fully considered. Herein, three organic small molecules with different numbers of hydroxyl groups (namely nitrogen heterocyclic tetraketone (DAB), monohydroxyl nitrogen heterocyclic dione (HDA), dihydroxyl nitrogen heterocyclic dione (DHT)) were selected as the cathodes of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), and the effect of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds on their electrochemical performance was studied for the first time. Clearly, the stable hydrogen-bond networks built through the hydroxyl groups significantly enhance the cycle stability of organic small-molecule cathodes and facilitate rapid proton conduction between the hydrogen-bond networks through the Grotthuss mechanism, thereby endowing them with excellent rate performance. In addition, a larger and more dense two-dimensional hydrogen-bond network can be constructed through multiple hydroxyl groups, further enhancing the structural stability of organic small-molecule cathodes, giving them better cycle tolerance, excellent rate performance, and extreme environmental tolerance.

Quantitative structure-property relationship of glass transition temperatures for organic compounds

The glass transition temperatures (T gs) of materials used in the manufacture of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) determine their thermal stability. Three Dragon descriptors, TPC, RBF and TDB04s, were adopted to develop quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) for the prediction of the T gs of 66 compounds (Data Set I) for OLED application, by applying random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). The RF Model A, based on a training set (44 compounds), was validated with a test set (22 compounds). The RF Model A possesses a coefficient of determination R 2 of 0.942 and a root mean square (rms) error of 10.750 K for the training set and R 2 of 0.909 and rms error of 11.102 K for the test set, which are more accurate than the results from the SVM model. The RF Model A was further validated with 63 OLED molecules (Data Set II). Moreover, the three Dragon descriptors (TPC, RBF and TDB04s) were used to build another T g QSPR model (named RF Model B) for a large dataset of 1934 OLED molecules (Data Set III), which achieved rms errors of 16.79 K for Data Set III, 22.89 K for Data Set I and 20.17 K for Data Set II.

Prealighting and Postalighting Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Rice Influence the Behavior of Scirpophaga incertulas.

Yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas, is a major rice pest causing significant yield losses worldwide. We investigated how volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the rice variety TN1, both before and after infestation, as well as by its companion weeds, Echinochloa colona and Echinochloa crus-galli, influence the behavior of YSB in host selection, recognition, and establishment. Olfactometry bioassays showed that uninfested TN1 plant VOCs attracted YSB more than those from YSB-infested rice plants and weeds. Changes in the VOC profile of TN1 during 24-48 h post-YSB infestation revealed that these postalighting compounds may deter YSB oviposition. Xylene, cymene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro naphthalene, dodecanol, and tetradecanol could be possible YSB attractants based on metabolomics, olfactometry, and GC-EAD studies. This work illuminates rice plant-YSB chemical interactions and VOCs dynamic function in attraction and defense processes. These findings provide a foundation for developing VOC-based pest management strategies to mitigate yield losses in rice farming.

Thaumarchaeota from deep-sea methane seeps provide novel insights into their evolutionary history and ecological implications

BackgroundAmmonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the phylum Thaumarchaeota mediate the rate-limiting step of nitrification and remove the ammonia that inhibits the aerobic metabolism of methanotrophs. However, the AOA that inhabit deep-sea methane-seep surface sediments (DMS) are rarely studied. Here, we used global DMS metagenomics and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) to investigate the metabolic activity, evolutionary history, and ecological contributions of AOA. Expression of AOA-specific ammonia-oxidizing gene (amoA) was examined in the sediments collected from the South China Sea (SCS) to identify their active ammonia metabolism in the DMS.ResultsOur analysis indicated that AOA contribute > 75% to the composition of ammonia-utilization genes within the surface layers (above 30 cm) of global DMS. The AOA-specific ammonia-oxidizing gene was actively expressed in the DMS collected from the SCS. Phylogenomic analysis of medium-/high-quality MAGs from 18 DMS-AOA indicated that they evolved from ancestors in the barren deep-sea sediment and then expanded from the DMS to shallow water forming an amoA-NP-gamma clade-affiliated lineage. Molecular dating suggests that the DMS-AOA origination coincided with the Neoproterozoic oxidation event (NOE), which occurred ~ 800 million years ago (mya), and their expansion to shallow water coincided with the Sturtian glaciation (~ 713 mya). Comparative genomic analysis suggests that DMS-AOA exhibit higher requirement of carbon source for protein synthesis with enhanced genomic capability for osmotic regulation, motility, chemotaxis, and utilization of exogenous organic compounds, suggesting it could be more heterotrophic compared with other lineages.ConclusionOur findings provide new insights into the evolutionary history of AOA within the Thaumarchaeota, highlighting their critical roles in nitrogen cycling in the global DMS ecosystems.EWMb7UH3jhRcWd8tHNUGyqVideo

Molecularly Modified Electrodes for Efficient Triboelectric Nanogenerators

The integration of organic molecules into monolayers on triboelectric layers and electrodes has significantly improved the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in recent years. By modifying surfaces at the molecular level, one can enhance durability, power density, and cost‐efficiency, leading to flexible, lightweight, and more efficient devices. A simple chemistry of organic monolayer formation allows a precise control over orientation, coverage, consistency, and functionality. These monolayers boost surface charge density and output voltage while influencing surface polarization and dipole interactions. This review focuses on recent advances in chemical modification of electrodes for controlling surface charge density and altering surface dipoles, emphasizing the significance of organic monolayers. A new concept of Schottky‐based TENGs is also introduced that explores chemically modified sliding surfaces. Furthermore, the importance of flexoelectricity and its contribution to triboelectricity is discussed. By addressing current challenges and outlining future directions, this review underscores the crucial role of surface chemistry in advancing TENGs.

Promoting WLED-Excited High Temperature Long Afterglow by Orthogonally Anchoring Chromophores into 0D Metal-Organic Cages.

Afterglow materials have garnered significant interest due to distinct photophysical characteristics. However, it is still difficult to achieve long afterglow phosphorescence from organic molecules due to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and energy dissipation. In addition, most materials reported so far have long afterglow emission only at room or even low temperatures, and mainly use UV light as an excitation source. In this work, we report a strategy to achieve high temperature long afterglow emission through the assembly of isolated 0D metal-organic cages (MOCs). In which, both ACQ and phosphorescence quenching effects are effectively mitigated by altering the stacking mode of organic chromophores through orthogonally anchoring into the edges of cubic MOCs. Furthermore, improvement in molecular rigidity, promotion of spin-orbit coupling and broadening of the absorption range are achieved through the MOC- engineering strategy. As a result, we successfully synthesized MOCs that can produce afterglow emission even after excitation by WLEDs at high temperatures (380 K). Moreover, the MOCs are capable of generating afterglow emissions when excited by mobile phone flashlight at room temperature. Given these features, the potential applications of MOCs in the visual identification of explosives, information encryption and multicolor display are explored.

Effect of landfill leachates on urban soil: A review

The increasing generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a significant global concern, with landfills receiving around 1.4 billion tonnes of MSW yearly. Inadequate landfill management contributes to environmental degradation, with landfill leachate being a substantial outcome of MSW decomposition. Leachate contains inorganic nutrients, volatile and dissolved organic molecules and heavy metals and its properties vary depending on waste composition, moisture content and seasonal elements. Heavy metals found in leachate include Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Hg, Fe, Zn and Cd and Emerging Organic Contaminants (EOCs) such as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC), pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PCPs) are also prevalent. Microplastics (MPs) have been found in raw leachate samples at concentrations ranging from 49.0 ± 24.3 to 507.6 ± 37.3 items/L. Landfill leachate production ranks among the most aggressive pollutants to the environment, particularly to soil and poses a danger of contaminating both surface and groundwater. This review examines the potential impacts of landfill leachate on soil quality and the broader implications of this phenomenon, summarizing recent scientific studies and presenting the direct and indirect effects of leachate on soil based on the literature. Bibliometric analysis of publications in the Scopus database reveals a growing scholarly interest in this topic, with the number of publications in the Science Citation Index (SCI) database increasing dramatically to over 464 articles between 2009 and 2024.

Are Hazard Assessment Methods in the Assessment of Chemical Alternatives Suitable for REACH?

The assessment of chemical alternatives for hazardous substances is an important prerequisite for avoiding regrettable substitution, and several methods have been developed in the past to perform such a hazard assessment for chemical alternatives. We investigate here whether GreenScreen, Cradle to Cradle, multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), the Pollution Prevention Options Analysis System, the U.S. EPA Safer Choice Standard and Criteria, and the GHS column model 2020 from IFA use similar criteria for the evaluation of substances as Article 57 of the European chemicals regulation, REACH, and how suitable these methods are for assessing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. MCDA and GreenScreen were analyzed in detail using two different data sets. The results of the assessments show that none of the investigated hazard assessment methods use the same criteria as described in Article 57 of REACH. It was also not possible to parametrize multi-attribute value theory (MAVT), a commonly used MCDA method, to align with Article 57 of REACH by using the relatively simple objective hierarchy that has been proposed in previous publications. There is therefore an urgent need for a modified/new method that can be used in the future to assess organic substances that are used within the European Economic Area.

MXene Electrodes for All Strain-Free Solid-State Batteries.

All-solid-state batteries with nonflammable inorganic solid electrolytes are the key to addressing the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries with flammable organic liquid electrolytes. However, conventional electrode materials suffer from substantial volume changes during Li+ (de)intercalation, leading to mechanical failure of interfaces between electrode materials and solid electrolytes and then severe performance degradation. In this study, we report strain-free charge storage via the interfaces between transition metal carbides (MXenes) and solid electrolytes, where MXene shows negligible structural changes during Li+ (de)intercalation. Operando scanning electron transmission microscopy with electron energy-loss spectroscopy reveals the pillar effect of trapped Li+ in the interlayer spaces of MXene to achieve the strain-free features. An all strain-free solid-state battery, which consists of a strain-free Ti3C2Tx negative electrode and a strain-free disordered rocksalt Li8/7Ti2/7V4/7O2 positive electrode, demonstrates long-term stable operation while preserving the interfacial contact between electrode materials and solid electrolytes.

Deoxyfluorination: A Detailed Overview of Recent Developments

AbstractFluorine organic compounds have been a predominant force of pharmaceutical chemistry for modern drug design, with an increasing amount of fluorine-containing compounds entering the market. Methodologies for fluorine atom incorporation into organic molecules are still challenging to date and thus represent an important research area. Deoxyfluorination serves as a useful tool for the construction of carbon–fluorine bonds in biologically active molecules by converting a common hydroxyl group into the corresponding fluoride. In this review, we have summarized and categorized deoxyfluorination reaction protocols developed over the last decade (2015–2024) by the structural type of C–O bond deoxyfluorination, including substrates like alcohols, phenols, ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids.1 Introduction2 Deoxyfluorination of C(sp3)–O Bonds2.1 Alcohols2.2 Alcohol Derivatives3 Deoxyfluorination of C(sp2)–O Bonds3.1 Phenols3.2 Phenol Derivatives3.3 Aldehydes and Ketones3.4 Carboxylic Acids4 Conclusions