Corg Content Research Articles

Variations of Time for Composting Market Organic Waste Using Aerobic Microorganisms

The use of fertilizers in agriculture is an absolute must, both organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. Considering the increasing price of inorganic fertilizers, innovation is needed to make organic fertilizers from easily obtained materials, one of which is market organic waste. Among the aerobic microorganisms used are lignolytic, cellulotic, proteolytic, lipolytic and aminolytic which are capable of changing compost in time. The purpose of this study was to analyze the right time in the composting process so as to produce a maximum source of essential nutrients. The research method or stages used is to divide the composting time into 4 parts, namely 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks and 8 weeks. The results showed that the C-Organic content in the 5-7 weeks composting phase met the minimum SNI standards, while in the 8-week composting phase it is below the minimum standard of SNI. Phosphorus content is also above the minimum limit of the standard determined by SNI, Meanwhile, Potassium and Nitrogen are below the minimum SNI standard. The content of secondary macronutrients such as Calcium, Magnesium, and Sodium does not exceed the maximum limit set by SNI.

Penggunaan limbah organik cair pabrik kelapa sawit dan industri tahu dalam meningkatkan kualitas fisikokimia dan stok karbon tanah haplustepts

The soil type of Haplustepts found in Reuleut, Aceh Utara, possessed low fertility. However, it still has potential for agriculture development through organic matter application, both solid and liquid, to improve its soil qualities. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Tofu Industry Liquid Waste (TOFU) on the changes in soil physicochemical properties and soil organic carbon stock (SOCs) of Haplustepts. The study was designed using a Factorial Randomized Block Design, comprising two factors and three replications. The first factor was POME with three different doses: S0 (0 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume), S1 (1.62 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume), and S2 (3.24 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume). The second factor was TOFU comprising three different doses: T0 (0 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume), T1 (2.7 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume), and T2 (5.4 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume). The results indicated that different doses of POME and TOFU applied were non-significant on soil aggregate, bulk density, and soil water availability in Haplustepts. Similar results were recorded on organic-C content, soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and SOCs. Although insignificant, the value of soil aggregate stability and SOCs increased as the doses of POME and TOFU increased. The indicators of these insignificant results were the different doses applied, high soil water content, and a short period of POME and TOFU incubation.

Soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry within aggregate size classes varied with tea plantation age and soil depth in southern Guangxi in China

Abstract. Soil ecological stoichiometry offers a tool to explore the distribution, cycling, limitation, and balance of chemical elements in tea plantation ecosystems. This study aimed to explore how soil organic C (OC) and nutrient contents (total N (TN), total P (TP), Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+) as well as their stoichiometric ratios (C/N, C/P, N/P, Ca/Mg, and Fe/Mn) varied with tea plantation age (8, 17, 25, and 43 years) and soil depth (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) within aggregates in southern Guangxi in China. Our results showed that tea plantation age and soil depth significantly affected soil nutrient stoichiometry in different sizes of aggregates. Among different ages of tea plantations, soil OC, TN, and TP contents as well as C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios significantly decreased as the soil depth increased. In addition, soil Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents were significantly lower in the surface soil layer than the deeper soil layer, whereas soil Fe2+ and Mn2+ contents showed opposite trends, and no significant differences were detected in Ca/Mg and Fe/Mn ratios among different soil depths. At the 0–40 cm soil depth, continuous planting of tea corresponded to increases in soil OC, TN, Fe2+, and Mn2+ contents, whereas soil Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents significantly decreased over time. During the process of tea growth, the losses of soil Ca2+ and Mg2+, especially Ca2+ (as indicated by the decrease in the soil Ca/Mg ratio), led to soil acidification, which reduced Fe2+ absorption and enhanced Mn2+ uptake by tea plants (as indicated by the increase in the soil Fe/Mn ratio). In general, tea plantation age affected the variations of soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry, and such effects were more obvious at the 0–40 cm soil depth, in contrast to the 40–60 cm soil depth.

Changes in the Carbon Stocks, Microbial and Enzyme Activities of Retic Albic Podzol in Southern Taiga during Postagrogenic Evolution

Soil organic matter largely controls the ecosystem functions of soil and is a source of energy and a nutrient substrate for the soil microbial community as well. The postagrogenic dynamics of organic matter stock (content of organic carbon, Corg; total nitrogen, Ntot; and their ratio, C/N), basic soil properties, and indicators of soil microbial and enzyme activities are analyzed for the chronosequence of Retic Albic Podzol (southern taiga zone, Kostroma oblast, Russia). Different plots of the chronosequence have been withdrawn from agricultural use 11, 16, and 40 years ago. The stratification ratios (SRs) 0–5 : 5–10, 0–10 : 10–20, and 0–10 : 20–30 cm layers for Corg and Ntot contents are also estimated. A statistically significant increase in the contents of Corg and Ntot during the postagrogenic succession is observed in the topsoil layer of the old arable horizon (0–5 and 5–10 cm) as well as an increase in the stratification of their distribution, especially after a closed tree canopy has developed on the former arable land. Postagrogenic succession promotes an increase in the soil basal respiration rate and the content of microbial biomass, the maximum values of which are most often recordable in the soil under a 40-year-old secondary small-leaved forest. During the natural reforestation of the former arable lands, a statistically significant increase in the phosphatase activity is observed within the entire old arable horizon. The peaks of oxidoreductase activity correspond to the stages of succession with the maximum uptake of easily decomposable plant litter. Over the 40 years of postagrogenic succession, all analyzed parameters (except for pHKCl) have increased in a statistically significant manner at all considered depths of the old arable layer, with the highest annual increase in 0–5-cm layer, most enriched for organic matter.

PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK PADAT MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH SABUT KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) DENGAN BIOAKTIVATOR EM4

This The background of this research is waste from coco coir with bioactivator EM4, the manufacture of solid fertilizer utilizing waste from coco coir that is not treated properly has quite an impact on environmental pollution. Solid organic fertilizer is the decomposition of organic matter by a complex compound reform process with the help of microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to measure the time of making solid organic fertilizer, to analyze the nutrient content of N, P, K, C-organic, C/N ratio and pH. The research was conducted on Jl. Samratulangi ex. Gunung Panjang, Kec. Keledang River, East Kalimantan Province. This research lasts for 2 months from January to February 2021. The results of the study, the length of time in the P1 fertilizer treatment was finished on the 16th day while the P2 fertilizer had been finished on the 21st day. Analysis of the nutrient content in the P1 treatment was N total 0.084% , P total 0.0301%, K total of 0.03994 % , C/N ratio was 52.10, and P2 treatment, namely N total 0.098 %, P total 0.0403 %, K total 0.06534 %, C/N ratio 45.9, did not meet the Quality Standards of the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the compost requirements number 261/Permentan/ SR.310/4/2019, while the total P1 C-organic content was 0.44,512 %, pH was 5.38 and P2 C-organic total was 45.032 %, pH 5.74 already meets the Quality Standards of the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture for compost requirements number 261/Permentan/SR.310/4/2019

Erosion intensity and check dam size affect the horizontal and vertical distribution of soil particles, carbon and nitrogen: Evidence from China’s Loess Plateau

Check dams are effective soil and water conservation structures worldwide that play an important role in preserving sediments containing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). However, in terms of the depositional characteristics of C and N in check dams, research on the relative effects of erosion intensity and depositional area is limited, hindering our understanding of the fates of eroded C and N. This study compared the horizontal and vertical distributions of soil particles, organic C (OC), and total N (TN) in check dams of various sizes and erosion intensities in the Loess Plateau. The results showed greater variations in the horizontal and vertical patterns of soil particles of smaller check dams and highly serious erosion (erosion modulus = 15040 t km-2 a-1) than those that of larger check dams and strong erosion regions (erosion modulus = 5151 t km-2 a-1). Soil OC and TN contents decreased from the dam body to the gully head, especially in the highly serious erosion region. Notably, the effect of smaller check dam on the vertical distributions of soil OC and TN was more intense than that of the larger check dam in the strong erosion region. In contrast, a minor effect of check dam size was observed in the highly serious erosion region. Moreover, a closer relationship between the distribution of OC and TN with silt content rather than with clay content in check dams was observed, and this relationship was enhanced by an increase in erosion intensity. Overall, the synergistic effects of erosion intensity and check dam size affected the spatial patterns of OC and TN in sediments on the Loess Plateau. Careful consideration of these two factors is beneficial for accurately assessing the C and N fates in depositional areas.

Characteristics of Oil Palm Stem Mulch as Soil Conditioner at Oil Palm

Oil palm is a plantation crop that has great potential in Indonesia. The very rapid development of oil palm is due to the high economic value of this commodity. However, the handling and utilization of oil palm waste resulting from replanting is not optimal yet. Planting new seedlings is delayed because the decomposition process of oil palm stems from replanting takes a long time. One method of replanting uses a mulcher machine which produces mulches in the form of thin fibers and has different characteristics from other replanting methods. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the mulch from the chopping of oil palm stems using a mulcher, to learn the effect of oil palm stem mulch on soil conditioner in oil palm replanting land, and to determine the optimum heap thickness to maintain soil quality in oil palm replanting land. Oil palm stem mulch was composted for two months using the bin method. The application of oil palm stem mulch as a soil conditioner was carried out in different thickness treatment was 1 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm thickness and control. Oil palm stem compost chopped by mulcher has the characteristics as the quality of standard Indonesian compost and decomposed faster than other replanting methods. The results showed that at a soil depth of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm, mulch with a thickness of 10 cm was the best treatment because it was able to increase the average value of soil moisture content respectively amounted to 28.22% and decreased the value of soil penetration resistance to 15.13 kgf/cm2 and and soil temperature 27.5°C respectively. The results of the compost fit in criteria of SNI:19-7030-2004, which is moisture content of 22.99%; density of mulch of 0.77 g/cm3; C-organic content of 10.72%; N-total of 0.7952%; mulch porosity of 70.3%; and C/N ratio of 13.48%.

Rice production in North Aceh Regency based on N, P, K and C-organic studies

Rice is the staple food for most of Indonesia’s population. Efforts to increase rice production and productivity are really carried out with agricultural intensification and extensification. However, rice production and productivity did not increase significantly. This research was conducted to find out the nutrient content of N, P, K and C-organic in some irrigation area in North Aceh. The study was conducted in four irrigation areas in North Aceh, namely Krueng Sawang irrigation, Krueng Pase Irrigation and Krueng Langkahan Irrigation. The method used in this research survey method. Determination of respondents is using purposive sampling method. Observations made on observed soil chemical properties include N-Total, P-available, K-exchangeable, and C-organic soils. The farm business data is only the yield per harvest. The results showed that the soil C-organic content ranged from 1.61 to 5.18%, with low to very high criteria. N-total levels ranged from 0.17 to 0.55% with low to high criteria. P-available levels ranged from 1.87 to 6.85 ppm with very low to low criteria, Then, K-exchangeable content ranged from 0.29 – 0.96 ppm with low to high criteria. The yield per harvest ranges from 4.45 to 6.00 t/ha.

ANALISIS SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PADA LAHAN KELAPA SAWIT DI DESA ANGGOTOA, KECAMATAN WAWOTOBI

This study aims to determine some of the chemical properties of soil on oil palm land in Anggotoa Village, Wawotobi District, Konawe Regency. This study is geographically located on the line 3°00′ – 4°25′ South Latitude and 121°73′ – 123°15′ BJ located in afdeling 2 of oil palm plantations of PT. Tani Prima Makmur (TPM) aged 10 years in Anggotoa Village, Wawotobi District, Konawe Regency. Soil samples were analyzed at UPT. Halu Oleo University Integrated Laboratory. This research is a descriptive study with an observation method, namely sampling in the field and analyzed in the laboratory to obtain quantitative data. Determination of the point is done by random sampling method. There are 5 sample units to represent 1 (one) block. The results showed that the chemical properties of the soil on oil palm land in Anggotoa Village, Wawotobi District, Konawe Regency were very low. The parameter that becomes the limiting factor is soil pH with a value of 4.29 - 5.88, the criteria for acid-acidic acidity. C-organic content with a value of 0.12 % - 0.86%. very low criteria. N-total with a value of 0.02 % - 0.06%, very low criteria. P-available with a value of 1.23 ppm - 6.26 ppm, very low-low criteria. K-available with a value of 0.26 mg 100 g-1 - 0.38 mg 100 g-1, very low criteria. And CEC with a value of 12.77 me 100 g-1, 21.58 me 100 g-1 and 39.21 me 100 g-1, the criteria are low, medium and high.

Formulasi Limbah Cangkang Telur Ayam Ras Dengan Kompos Limbah Pasar untuk Peningkatan Hasil Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.)

The formulation of chicken eggshell waste with market waste compost to increase the yield of green mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Aims to find the best and environmentally friendly organic fertilizer formula to increase the yield of green mustard and improve some soil chemical properties. This research is a pot experiment in a greenhouse, using a simple randomized block design consisting of 7 combinations. Fertilizer formulas that were tried were: F0 (without treatment), F1 = (100 kg of shell + 10 tonnes of compost), F2 = (200 kg of shell + 8 tonnes of compost), F3 = (300 kg of shell + 6 tonnes of compost), F4 = (400 kg of shell + 4 tons of compost), F5 = (500 kg of shells + 2 tons of compost), F6 = (600 kg of shells + 0 tons of compost), and each treatment was repeated 4 times. The parameters observed included: maximum plant height (cm), fresh plant weight at harvest, oven dry plant weight, soil pH, C-organic content, CEC and soil Ca content at harvest. The data were analyzed statistically, tested for variance. If the effect of the treatment had significant, then continued with the 5 % Duncans test. The results of this study indicate that the treatment has a significant effect on plant height growth, fresh weight and oven dry weight of plants, as well as changes in soil chemical properties such as: C-organic, soil CEC, and soil Ca content. The fresh plant weight was obtained in treatment F2 (9.55 g), followed by F3 (9.37 g), and F1 (9.18 g) per pot. While the highest CEC was obtained in the F2 treatment (36.31 me 100 g-1) with a soil Ca content of 7.52 me 100 g-1. The best fertilizer formula from this study was found in the F2 treatment.

Hydrocarbon pollution in the waters and sediments of the Kerch Strait

The results of studying the content and composition of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the suspended particulate matter of surface waters and in the surface layer of bottom sediments in 2019–2021 in the Kerch Strait in comparison with earlier studies in other areas of the Black Sea (Theodosia Gulf, Tuapse area, Coastal waters of the Crimean Peninsula, Big Sochi, Central part of the Sea) are presented. Despite the high concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons (especially in the waters of the strait itself: 28–254 on average 87 μg/L. The highest content of aliphatic hydrocarbons was confined to the cross-section through the Kerch Strait. Accumulation of aliphatic hydrocarbons, as well as the suspended particulate matter, occurs in the western part of the Strait, which is associated with the predominant wind direction and coastal orography. The composition of alkanes did not correspond to the smooth distribution of homologues characteristic of oil. Their distribution was bimodal in most samples, which may indicate a mixed genesis of alkanes. Among the low-molecular-weight alkanes either even numbered autochthonous alkanes n-C16, C18, C22, arising during the microbial transformation of aliphatic hydrocarbons, or n-C17, indicating the inclusion of phyto- and zooplankton alkanes, prevailed. Despite the different sources of hydrocarbons input, the distribution of the total concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons basically coincided. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons composition was dominated by fluoranthene and pyrene, which are formed in high-temperature combustion processes Low values of the Σnaphthalenes/Phen ratio (0.05–0.11) may indicate an insignificant inclusion of petroleum polyarenes.In contrast to suspension of surface waters, the highest content of hydrocarbons in the surface sediments was found not in the strait, but at stations in areas with aleurite-pelitic sediments, which is due to the pattern of currents in these areas and the higher sorption capacity of finely dispersed sediments. The average Corg content in July 2020, was 1.8 times lower (0.34%) than in September 2019 (0.63%), and aliphatic hydrocarbons, on the contrary, was 2.2 times higher (47 μg/g) than in April 2019 (21 μg/g). In surface sediments the maximum concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons was established in July 2020 (233 μg/g), and the highest average content in July 2021 (58 μg/g). This area is also associated with higher concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the composition of Corg –≥1%. The composition of alkanes in surface sediments differed from their composition in suspension. The ratio of low-to-high molecular weight homologues (L/H = 0.08–0.54) was lower and the odd-to-even ratio (CPI = 1.19–4.58) was higher than in particulate matter. Due to the coarse composition of sediments, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in their surface layer was lower (0–631 ng/g) compared to other areas of the Black Sea. In their composition, along with fluoranthene and pyrene, methylated naphthalene homologues also belonged to the dominant compounds. Correlation analysis of individual polyarenes, as well as factor analysis, indicates their mixed genesis oil + pyrogenic, with the preference of the latter in most samples. The entry of pollutants into the marine environment increases the hydrocarbons content in water and bottom sediments, creating a modern hydrocarbon background.

Standardized Organic Fertilizer Formulations and their Effectiveness in Enhancing the Role of Biological Agents to Increase Disease Resistance and Maize Productivity in Marginal Lands

Background: The importance of standardized organic fertilizers with relatively balanced levels of NPK elements, in order to increase the role of organic fertilizers as a source of nutrition for plants which at the same time can improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties and can increase the role of organic fertilizers as a medium for growth and development of biological agents so that they can increase its role as a biopesticide and biofertilizer, thereby simultaneously increasing crop productivity on marginal land. Methods: This research was conducted in the period June-November 2019 at South Konawe Regency Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia and in the Integrated Laboratory of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kendari Halu Oleo University. Assessing and formulating organic fertilizers by taking into account the composition of the ingredients which include; C/N ratio of the total material, elemental content of NPK, C-Organic content, moisture content and pH, to produce standardized organic fertilizers, with relatively balanced levels of NPK elements. The field research was arranged in a randomized block design consisting of 3 treatments including B0 = Inorganic fertilizer (control); B1 = Organic fertilizer formula A + agens hayati Biofresh; B2 = Organic fertilizer formula B + agens hayati biofresh. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, which in total there were 9 experimental units. Result: The formulation of organic fertilizers by taking into account the composition of the ingredients can produce organic fertilizers of a standard quality, with relatively balanced levels of NPK elements, effectively increasing the ability of biofresh biological agents, so as to increase the disease suppression index by 30.12%, with an increase in productivity of 14.31% of non-standard organic fertilizer treatments. And with the efficiency of using biofresh biological agents of 70.6%.

Determination of Land Characteristics for Tongka Langit Banana Plant (Musa troglodytarum L.) in Ambon Island

The research was conducted in the villages of Eri, Soya, Kusu-kusu, Waai, Hatu, and Allang of Ambon Island. The aim of this study was to determine the external and internal characteristics of the location for growing Tongka Langit banana (M.roglodytarum L). The method used was a survey method with a free survey observation distance. The results showed that the characteristics of the external land where the Tongka Langit banana plant grows are scattered on the slopes of the foothills with the geology of alluvium, limestone, coral, granite, and loose material. Banana cultivation was associated with mixed garden land use with dominant slopes ranging from flat to gentle (2 - 9%). The research location has a dew point of 24.5 oC - 26.5 oC, humidity 75% - 91%. The internal soil characteristics are as follows: Soil textured slightly coarse to slightly fine, soil reaction was between 6.15 – 7.49, C-organic content was 0.69 - 10.08%, total N content was 0.10 - 0.59 %, C/N ranged from 5-59, P2O5 content was 11-18 ppm, K2O content ranged from 212-295 ppm, and cation exchange capacity was 6.52-24.48 me/100gr.

KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT KIMIA DAN FISIKA TANAH PADI SAWAH PASCA BANJIR BANDANG DI KECAMATAN SILIMA PUNGGA – PUNGGA KABUPATEN DAIRI

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop commodity that has a strategic function, namely as a staple food, so that domestic rice production plays a role in food security and self-sufficiency. The Ministry of Agriculture has made various efforts and breakthroughs in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security, including the acceleration of rice planting, development of swamp land, diversification of local food, strengthening of government rice reserves and community food barns. Dairi Regency is one of the rice producers in North Sumatra Province. However, the productivity of rice plants has decreased in Longkotan Village and Bonkaras Village, Silima Pungga - Pungga District, Dairi Regency, due to the flash flood that caused material and land damage. One form of land damage caused is rice fields that have been covered with mud. Based on data from the Dairi Regency agriculture office, after the flash flood in December 2018 resulted in damage to rice fields in Longkotan Village, which was 112 hectares and Bongkaras Village was approximately 40 hectares. The real impact of banjir bandang in addition to reducing rice fields that can be used by farmers, decreasing soil fertility due to environmental damage to rice fields such as loss of top soil which has chemical and physical properties of soil in the availability of nutrients so that it directly causes a decrease in soil productivity and rice plants. Therefore, it is studied to overcome the limited supply of national food, especially rice, through increasing the productivity of paddy fields, especially the chemical and physical characteristics of lowland rice soil after the flash flood so that it can analyze its management efforts to support rice demand in Dairi Regency. The study was to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil of paddy fields after banjir bandang and its management techniques. The research was carried out from April to August 2021 in Longkotan Village and Bonkaras Village. Soil testing was carried out at the Research and Development Center Laboratory of PT. Nusa Pusaka Kencana Analytical & Qc. Laboratory of Bailang High Cliff Gardens, North Sumatra. Soil laboratory tests were conducted to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil. Data analysis was carried out using a descriptive method, namely explaining a situation in the field based on the characteristics of the paddy field soil after the flash flood in the affected village. The results of this study are the clay content and organic matter contained in the soil of the Land Not Affected by Flash Floods. However, the soil pH in the Land Affected by Flash Floods is lower, this is due to the high sand fraction. Soil pH in Land Not Affected by Flash Floods is higher than soil pH in Land Affected by Flash Floods due to the higher organic matter content in Land Not Affected by Flash Floods. Based on the results of the research that the soil that has lower organic C is on the Land Affected by Flash Floods, namely 1.70% which includes low criteria. This is due to the loss of the top soil layer due to flash floods along with the Nitrogen and C-Organic content of the soil in the top soil layer. Because the rate of weathering and Ultisol formation runs faster, the wet climate with high temperature and rainfall causes Ultisols to be poor in organic matter.

STUDI KANDUNGAN C-ORGANIK, KADAR ABU, DAN BOBOT ISI GAMBUT PEDALAMAN DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS (KHDTK) TUMBANG NUSA, KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Peatlands is one of carbon stocks in ecosystem. Soil carbon is stored in the peat layer and and the above ground carbon is stored in vegetation. Central Kalimantan has large area of ombrogenic peatland in Indonesia. The aim of this research was; (1) Identify C-organic content, ash content, and bulk density in several peat land uses in KHDTK Tumbang Nusa, Central Kalimantan; (2) Identify the relationship between C-Organic with ash content and bulk density of peat soil. This research was conducted in July 2020 – December 2020. Sampling of peat soil took place in the Tumbang Nusa Special Purpose Forest Area (KHDTK). The analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil is located in the laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, the Laboratory of the Research and Development Center for Environment and Forestry (BP2LHK) Banjar Baru, the University Integrated Laboratory. The research was conducted using a sampling method on each different land cover, namely natural forest, burnt areas, and revegetation. Each study site made 3 profiles, then soil samples were taken at a depth of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm. The results of the study show the conclusions of the results of this study, namely; (1) the largest of C content is 57.83% at secondary forest and the lowest of value of the C content is 54.24% the burnt land. The highest ash content is 9.01% at revegetation area and the lowest ash content is 0.31% at secondary forest land. The highest bulk density is 0.19 g cm-3 at revegetation area and the lowest bulk density is 0.12 g cm-3 at secondary forest. C organic has an inverse relationship with ash content. Further, the relationship between C-Organic and bulk density has a inverse relationship, too.

Analisis Pupuk Organik Cair Limbah Industri Tahu Dan Air Cucian Beras

Domestic waste contains good organic matter for plant growth. One of the domestic wastes owned by each house is rice washing water. In addition, the tofu industry is also widely found in Indonesia, one of which is Cilacap City. The content of organic matter possessed by the two wastes is a source of plants. To reduce the environment, this waste can be used as raw material for making liquid organic fertilizer (POC). In addition to being environmentally friendly, the raw materials used are also easy to find. This study aims to analyze pH, temperature and levels of C-Organic in liquid organic fertilizer from tofu industrial waste and rice washing water. The manufacture of liquid fertilizer is carried out using the anaerobic method, which utilizes bacteria that are active without oxygen through a fermentation process for 14 days. To determine the effect of adding EM4 and molasses, compositional variations were carried out on samples of liquid fertilizer, namely KO, P1, P2, and P3 with molasses volume sequentially 0 grams, 5 grams, 5 grams, 10 grams. Meanwhile, the volume of EM4 added sequentially is 0%, 5%, 10% and 5%. Measurements of pH and temperature were carried out every 4 days, but measurements of C-Organic were carried out at the beginning and end of the mini-research. The final pH of POC was in accordance with quality standards with KO = 4.5 and P1, P2 and P3 = 4. The final temperature of KO samples was 29.5ᵒC, P1 29ᵒC, P2 and P3 28.5ᵒC. The highest organic-C content was owned by the knockout sample, which was 0.00297. All samples in this mini research are not included in liquid organic fertilizer (POC) but can be classified as nutrients for soil improvement.

Chemical Properties of Soil on Dry Land After The Eruption of Mount Sinabung in Kecamatan Payung, Karo

This study aims to determine the chemical properties of soil on dry land after the eruption of Mount Sinabung in Kecamatan Payung, Kabupaten Karo. The eruption of Mount Sinabung that occurred from 2010 to 2020, released volcanic ash containing Silica, Aluminum, Sulfur, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Phosphate, and Manganese. Analysis of soil chemical properties was carried out at the Research and Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra and PT. SOCFINDO. This study used 8 composite soil samples as research material, using survey methods and stratified sampling / grouping by overlaying several maps. Soil pH data analysis using electrometric method, C-organic content with Walkley and Black method, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) with NH4OAc extraction method pH 7, P2O5 ex-HCl, K2O ex-HCl, and Base Saturation (KB) with calculations (number of exchangeable base cations / CEC x 100%). The results of soil analysis showed that after the eruption of Mount Sinabung, dry land in Kecamatan Payung had acidic soil pH, high levels of P2O5 ex-HCl, levels of K2O ex-HCl with low to high criteria, levels of organic C tended to be high, soil CEC tended to be high and KB very low soil. Soil fertility status is included in the criteria of low and medium.

Pengaruh EM4 Terhadap Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menjadi Pupuk Organik Cair

Household waste contains high enough organic pollutants which can be used as raw material for liquid organic fertilizer. The addition of EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) in the manufacture of fertilizers aims to accelerate the process of making organic fertilizers effectively and EM4 can also improve the quality of the fertilizer. The method used in the manufacture of this fertilizer is an anaerobic method. The tofu industry liquid waste is accommodated in tubs that have been labeled A and B. Then the same treatment is given, namely the addition of 750 mL of coconut water for every 3 liters of tofu industrial liquid waste and 90 grams of granulated sugar in each tub. In the tub labeled B, 90 mL of EM4 was added. The tub to which these ingredients have been added is then closed tightly and fermented for 14 days. Parameters tested include pH, temperature and also levels of C-Organic. After 14 days of fermentation, the pH obtained was 4. The pH of the liquid organic fertilizer decreased because the C-Organic decomposed in the fermentation of this liquid organic fertilizer into organic acids. C-Organic content after fermentation for sample A was 0.57% and C-Organic content for sample B was 0.42%. The low levels of C-Organic are due to the addition of EM4 during the fermentation process which can break down compounds such as carbohydrates and proteins into simpler compounds that can later be utilized by plants. This standard of liquid organic fertilizer is adjusted to the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture no. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Liquid organic fertilizer with the addition of EM4 will affect the yield of C-Organic content.

Utilization of Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Pineapple Waste to Improving Growth of Sweet Corn Plant in Red Yellow Podsolic Soil

<em>This study aims to determine the effect of pineapple waste liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet corn in Red Yellow Podsolic soil and to obtain a dose of pineapple waste liquid organic fertilizer that can produce the highest growth and yield of sweet corn in Red Yellow Podsolic soil. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 treatments repeated 5 times and 3 plant samples. The treatment given was in the form of a dose of liquid organic fertilizer with a dose of: P0 = 0 ml/l water, P1 = 25 ml/l water, P2 = 50 ml/l water, P3 = 75 ml/l water, P4 = 100 ml/l water. The parameters observed in this study were plant height, leaf area, root volume, soil pH, C-Organic content, N, C/N ratio and soil bulk weight. The data obtained were analyzed by fingerprint analysis of variance at the 5% level and then further tested with 5% HSD. Based on the results of the study, the dosage level of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple waste had a significant effect on the variables of root volume and soil pH. However, it had no significant effect on the variables of plant height, leaf area, organic %C content, %N soil content, C/N ratio, and bulk density of Ultisol soil. The treatment level of liquid organic fertilizer from pineapple plant waste 50 ml/l gave the best results on the variable soil pH, and the dose of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple plant waste 75 ml/l was the treatment that gave the best results on the variable root volume.</em>

ANALISIS STATUS N, P, K, KTK DAN C-ORGANIK PADA LAHAN SAWAH TADAH HUJAN DI DESA LALOWIU KECAMATAN KONDA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

This study aims to determine the nutrient status of N, P, K, CEC, and Organic-C of soil in rainfed rice in Lalowiu Village, district of Konda, South Konawe Regency. This research started from September to October 2021. Determination of sampling based on soil use age of 6, 15 and 25 years. For each land age, 3 soil samples were taken with a depth of 20 cm, then composited. The results showed that the nutrient status of total-N at the age of 6 years, namely 0,11%, was classified as low, while at the age of 15 and 25 years, were classified into very low (0,07% and 0,08%). Available-P at all ages were classified as a very low (1,78 ppm, 1,82 ppm, 1,64 ppm). Available-K at all ages were classified as a very low (2,03 mg 100g⁻¹, 1,77 mg 100g⁻¹, 1,81 mg 100g⁻¹). The Organic-C content at all ages were classified as low (1.46%, 1.00% and 1.08%). CEC at all ages were classified as moderate (24.00 me 100g⁻¹, 18.43 me 100g⁻¹ and 20.34 me 100g⁻¹). The longer rainfed rice soil are used without any return of organic matter, the lower of N, P, K, CEC and C-Organic in the soil.