Organic Amine Compounds Research Articles

A TiO2 nanotube photoanode (blue TiO2 nanotube/RuO2/BiVO4) for efficient acetaminophen degradation and nitrogen removal

To simultaneously remove organic carbon and nitrogen, especially from wastewater containing organic amine compounds, a nanotube photoanode was prepared by depositing RuO2 and BiVO4 nanoparticles in and on a blue TiO2 nanotube substrate (BTNT/RuO2/BiVO4). The synthesized materials were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests. Acetaminophen, a commonly used pharmaceutical with an amine group, was used as the model pollutant to examine the performance of the prepared electrodes. The results indicated that acetaminophen could be degraded by 100 % in 180 min over BTNT/RuO2/BiVO4 with a rate constant of 0.0338 min−1, which was 25.0 and 1.1 times higher than those obtained over BTNT/BiVO4 and BTNT/RuO2, respectively. Meanwhile, 81.3 % of total nitrogen could be removed. Compared with BTNT/BiVO4 and BTNT/RuO2, BTNT/RuO2/BiVO4 had a significant synergistic effect, and the synergy index reached to 47.7 %. Additionally, BTNT/RuO2/BiVO4 exhibited good stability, high current efficiency (63.2 %) and low energy consumption (0.020 kWh·g COD−1). The good performance of BTNT/RuO2/BiVO4 was mainly attributed to the enhanced formation of ClO· resulted from the synergistic interaction between RuO2 and BiVO4 due to the spatial confinement effect. Lastly, a possible reaction mechanism via ClO· over BTNT/RuO2/BiVO4 was proposed.

Study on the degradation of triethylamine wastewater by catalytic ozone-biological coupled system of Ce-Fe@ZSM-5

Triethylamine (TEA) is an organic amine, due to the development of the pesticide industry, TEA wastewater volumes of yearly increasing, the poor biochemical performance and high toxicity. Therefore, we report a novel ozone catalyst as biological treatment technology by compounding Ce-Fe@ZSM-5 molecular sieve and domesticated activated sludge to construct a catalytic ozone-biodegradation coupling system. The low efficiency of ozone utilization was addressed by optimizing the stability and activity strength of the catalyst with a large specific surface area. The degradant rate of TEA reached 89.5 % versus 82 % of biological treatment and the elimination rate of TOC reached 71.5 %, which is 7.5 % increase the biological treatment of TEA. In order to efficiently degrade TEA and other organic amine compounds, the degradation pathway and mechanism of TEA were investigated. This research offered a theoretical foundation and prospective application for degradation of TEA.

Determination of nine organic amine compounds in CO2 absorption liquid by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry

Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption and capture is an effective measure to achieve the "dual carbon" goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China. Organic amine compounds are widely used in the industrial separation and recovery of CO2. Thus, the establishment of analytical methods for organic amine compounds is of great significance for the research and development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology. In this study, a method was developed for the determination of nine organic amine compounds in CO2 absorption liquid by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. The sample was diluted with water and filtered through a 0.22 μm nylon membrane before sampling and analysis. An Accucore HILIC column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) was used for separation at 30 ℃. Gradient elution was conducted using 90% acetonitrile aqueous solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase A and 10% acetonitrile aqueous solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase B. Determination was performed using an electrospray ion source (ESI) in the positive ion mode. The quantitative analysis was carried out by standard addition method. The chromatographic retention performance of different chromatographic columns and the influence of different mobile phases on the separation of the organic amine compounds were compared, and the method was validated. The results showed that the linear ranges of the nine organic amine compounds were 0.04-25000 ng/mL with the linear correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.9910. The limits of detection (LODs) of the method were in the range of 0.0004-0.0080 ng/mL, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of the method were in the range of 0.0035-0.0400 ng/mL. The average recoveries of the method ranged from 85.30% to 104.26% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.04%-7.95% at the spiked levels of 1, 1.5 and 3 times sample concentration. The established method was applied to detect the absorption waste liquid of a cement plant, and nine organic amine compounds could be effectively detected. The stability of the actual sample was tested, and the RSDs were 0.10%-6.35% in 48 h at 4 ℃. The method is sensitive, rapid and accurate for the determination of the nine organic amine compounds in industrial waste water. It can provide reference for the detection of organic amine compounds, and provide strong technical support for the research and industrial application of CO2 capture technology.

Fabrication of adsorbents with enhanced CuI stability: Creating a superhydrophobic microenvironment through grafting octadecylamine

In atmospheric conditions, CuI is easily oxidized to CuII due to the coexistence of moisture and oxygen. The poor oxidation inhibition of CuI restricts the practical application of CuI-containing materials. Herein we introduce an approach to construct a superhydrophobic microenvironment in CuI-functionalized metal–organic frameworks by coordinatedly grafting organic amine compounds onto open metal sites (OMSs), which can hinder the accessibility of moisture to pores thereby enhancing the stability of CuI. As a proof of concept, MIL-101(Cr) with abundant OMSs and octadecylamine (OA) with long hydrophobic alkyl groups are used as carrier and surface coating. As superhydrophobic porous materials, the resultant CuIM-OA exhibits improved CuI stability in addition to retaining high crystallinity and intact porosity while almost all CuI is oxidized in hydrophilic CuIM upon exposure in a humid atmosphere for 30 h. CuIM-OA owns excellent adsorption desulfurization performance (ADS) with regard to thiophene, benzothiophene, and 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene. Even from hydrated fuel, the adsorption performance of CuIM-OA maintains well while the adsorption capacity of CuIM decreases to 7% after 4 cycles. The remarkable moisture resistance, CuI stability, and high porosity make the current adsorbent CuIM-OA highly promising for the practical ADS process.

Review on Template Removal Techniques for Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Materials

The key step in the preparation of mesoporous silica materials is the removal of organic templates occluded inside the pores including nonionic, cationic, anionic surfactants and even ionic liquid (IL). The most common method to remove templates is conventional calcination under air at 550 °C. Although templates can be completely removed from the pores, calcination suffers many serious drawbacks including significant framework shrinkage, the collapse of the ordered structure, reduction of silanol concentrations on the pore wall (which are of high importance for postmodification), generation of large amounts of CO2 and organic amine compounds, the presence of carbon deposits or coke as a contaminant, elimination of organic functionalities (such as organoalkoxysilanes with amino groups), and the inability to recover or reuse expensive organic templates. That is why many attempts have been reported in the literature to develop novel methods for removing organic templates that are favorable from both economic and environmental standpoints for potentially large-scale applications. The current study reviews the recent development methods for template removal from various types of mesoporous silica materials. We have divided the template removal approaches into two categories: physical method and chemical method. The effects of those methods are discussed in detail on the textural and structural properties of mesoporous silica materials along with the template removal mechanism and their pores and coins.

Design the π-stacking type of perovskite-like iodobismuthates to enhance their optoelectronic properties

One-dimension (1D) or two-dimension (2D) iodobismuthates are promising perovskite-like photoactive materials for electronic devices. Many researchers focused on how to qualitatively build frameworks to increase the dimension of charge transformation due to the construction of connectivity between bismuth halide ions as the key to achieve ideal properties. In this context, two kinds of organic amine compounds, benzylamine and N-methylaniline, were well-designed and corresponding iodobismuthates single crystals: BA3Bi2I9 and NMA3Bi2I9 (BA = C6H5CH2NH3+, NMA = C6H5(CH3)NH2+) were prepared by solvent evaporation process. Their crystals characterized by S-XRD, SEM, etc. After thoroughly investigated their structures, optical and electronic properties, the results show that the space group changed from C2/c (BABI) to P21/c (NMABI) due to the π-stacking type shifted from I-type to Z-type. So as to the reconstruction of their band structures and the C 2p of BABI is more closed to the band edge than that of NMABI revealed by density functional theory (DFT). Although BABI has higher electrical resistivity, higher trap-state density and lower carrier mobility, its optoelectronic property is superior to NMABI as a result of the I-type π-stacking increased the electronic dimensionality.

Luminescent Coordination Polymer with Conjugated Lewis Acid Sites for the Detection of Organic Amines

A stable three-dimensional coordination polymer, [Eu3(bcbp)3(NO3)7(OH)2]n (1) (H2bcbp·2Cl = 1,1′-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-(4,4′-bipyridinium) dichloride), was prepared by the solvothermal reaction of Eu(NO3)3·6H2O and H2bcbp·2Cl in methanol, which was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. In the solid state, 1 consists of an unusual trinuclear Eu(III) unit (Eu3(CO2)6(NO3)7(OH), Eu3–SBU), which further connects to six neighboring ones through six bcbp ligands to form a three-dimensional network. As expected, 1 exhibits a strong red-light emission at ambient temperature. Due to the presence of the electron-deficient bipyridinium moiety in the conjugation, this emission is selectively quenched by electron-rich organic amine compounds with high sensitivity and exhibits a prominent visual color change.

Aggregation-induced emission compounds as new assisted matrices for laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Here, N,N′-bis(4-hydroxylsalicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (BSPD-OH), N,N′-bis(4-methoxylsalicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (BSPD-OMe) and N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (BSPD), which belong to the same category of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) compounds based on Schiff base reactions, were synthesized and applied as new matrices in the analysis of small molecules by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This type of AIE compounds can be good MALDI matrices. Conventional organic matrices often produce large amounts of matrix ions, hindering the analysis of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds. However, these AIE compounds generate few matrix ions and less background interference because their presence as aggregates decreases the generation of matrix interference. The sensitivity of the AIE matrix is high because the aggregates can improve the absorption of the applied laser emissions. We can regulate the ionization efficiency of the AIE matrix by changing its aggregation state. During this study, BSPD-OH exhibited better ionization efficiency than the other two AIE matrices because it has more phenolic hydroxyl groups. BSPD-OH was successfully applied to the analysis of various LMW compounds including amino acids, organic amine compounds, isoquinoline compounds and fluoroquinolones compounds. This material also can be employed during the qualitative and quantitative analysis of LMW metabolites in human urine without requiring complicated separation processes.

Sustainable carbon quantum dots from forestry and agricultural biomass with amplified photoluminescence by simple NH4OH passivation

High quality blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CDs) were fabricated from a dilute NH4OH/water solution of waste biomass via one-step hydrothermal carbonization. Different from conventional synthesis methods, NH4OH was used as the solvent as well as passivation agent rather than organic amine compounds. The best quantum yield (QY) of the nitrogen-doped biomass CDs was up to 16%, which was higher than the non-doped CDs (only 2%) and those passivated by organic molecules (7%). Further investigations revealed the unique emission behaviours of the NH4OH-passivated CDs dependent on excitation, pH values and solvents and interesting up-conversion photoluminescence. In addition, an in vitro cytotoxicity test demonstrated the negligible toxicity of NH4OH-passivated CDs, and they were successfully applied in bio-imaging of murine embryonic stem cells. This low-cost and green chemistry method provides a feasible route for value-added and sustainable utilization of waste biomass.

The effect of trimethylamine on atmospheric nucleation involving H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>

Abstract. Field observations and quantum chemical calculations have shown that organic amine compounds may be important for new particle formation involving H2SO4. Here, we report laboratory observations that investigate the effect of trimethylamine (TMA) on H2SO4-H2O nucleation made under aerosol precursor concentrations typically found in the lower troposphere ([H2SO4] of 106−107 cm−3; [TMA] of 180–1350 pptv). The threshold [H2SO4] needed to produce the unity J was from 106−107 cm−3 and the slopes of Log J vs. Log [H2SO4] and Log J vs. Log [TMA] were 4–6 and 1, respectively, strikingly similar to the case of ammonia (NH3 ternary nucleation (Benson et al., 2011). At lower RH, however, enhancement in J due to TMA was up to an order of magnitude greater than that due to NH3. These findings imply that both amines and NH3 are important nucleation species, but under dry atmospheric conditions, amines may have stronger effects on H2SO4 nucleation than NH3. Aerosol models should therefore take into account inorganic and organic base compounds together to fully understand the widespread new particle formation events in the lower troposphere.

A Study of the Electrochemical Behavior of Copper in Acid Medium in Presence of Some Organic Amine Compounds

The rate of corrosion of copper metal in presence of methyl amine, dimethyl amine, diethyl amine, triethyl amine, diethanol amine, and triethanol amine determined by measuring the anodic limiting current. The factors used are type of organic amine compounds and its concentration, concentration of H3Po4, viscosity of solution, density, diffusion coefficient, and rate of rotation. It has been found that, the rate of corrosion decrease in presence of these compounds. The inhibition percentage ranged from 9.72% to 80.14% depending on the type of inhibitor and its concentration. It is suggested that the decrease in the rate of corrosion is attributed to the increase in interfacial viscosity of the solution and decrease the diffusion coefficient of the copper ion. It has been found that we can apply the Langmuir, Flory-Huggins, and kinetic adsorption isotherms. It has been found that the rate of inhibition is increases in order: methyl amine, dimethyl amine, diethyl amine, triethyl amine, diethanol amine, and triethanol amine. The rate of corrosion depends on the H3Po4 concentration as well as on the electrode height. The limiting current in undivided cells is higher than in divided cells due to the uprising H2 bubbles, which enhances the rate of corrosion. Also, the rate of corrosion was found to increase by increasing the speed of rotating electrode. The dimensionless groups were calculated, and the relation between them was given and the equation given as following: Sh = 0.5046 Re0.7201(Sc)0.33 for methyl amine; Sh = 0.5381 Re0.7157(Sc)0.33 for dimethyl amine; Sh = 0.4887 Re0.7356(Sc)0.33 for diethyl amine; Sh = 0.5167 Re0.7207(Sc)0.33 for triethyl amine; Sh = 0.5373 Re0.7238(Sc)0.33 for diethanol amine; and Sh = 0.4958 Re0.7280(Sc)0.33 for triethanol amine.

Chiral Recognizable Host-Guest Interactions Detected by Fast-Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry: Application to the Enantiomeric Excess Determination of Primary Amines

The enantiomeric excess ( ee) of organic amine compounds has been determined using fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry based on the chiral host–guest complexation systems. The method uses a 1:1 mixture of the given chiral crown ether hosts (HRRRR and HSSSS-dn), one of whose enantiomers is isotopically labeled, for the ee-determination of a given amine salt guest (G+). The peak intensity ratio { I[(HRRRR + G)+] / I[(HSSSS-dn + G)+] = IRIS} of the two diastereomeric host–guest complex ions clearly changes with the change in the ee of the guest. The intensity excess ( Ie) of the two complex ion peaks is newly defined as Ie = ( IRIS −1) / ( IRIS + 1). The two sets of mass spectrometrically obtained Ie values vs a set of ee values of phenylalanine methyl ester and leucine methyl ester hydrochlorides show excellent linear relationships through the zero point ( R2 = 0.9989 and R2 = 0.9970, respectively). This indicates the potential utility of the present ee-determination method to within ± 3% ee. Furthermore, based on the solution equilibrium distributions of the complex ions, the linearity is mathematically justified. Therefore, the ee-determination can be simplified as ee (%) = (| Ie| / | Ie(100)|) × 100: here, Ie(100) is the corresponding Ie value obtained using an enantiomerically pure (100% ee) guest as a reference. The present chiral dimethoxyphenyl crown ether host pairs employed are effective ( IRIS ≥ 1.5) for the ee-determination of most α-amino acid esters, but not effective ( IRIS ≈ 1.0) for most simple alkylamines.

Full and Modulated Chemical Gating of Individual Carbon Nanotubes by Organic Amine Compounds

The adsorption of several types of alkylamine molecules on individual semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes is investigated by electrical transport measurements. The electrical...

A Molecular Orbital Study on the Hole Transport Property of Organic Amine Compounds

Reorganization energy (λ1) in the ionization process of organic amines and that (λ2) of the electron attaching process of amine cation radicals are evaluated with AM1, ab initio MO, and DFT methods, where dimethylaniline, methyldiphenylamine, and triphenylamine are adopted as a model of a hole transport material. The total λ value (=λ1 + λ2) decreases in the order dimethylaniline > methyldiphenylamine > triphenylamine, which agrees well with an increasing order of experimentally reported hole transport mobility of diamines that are dimers of above-mentioned amines, N,N‘-tetraphenyl-[1,1‘-biphenyl]-4,4‘-diamine < N,N‘-dimethyl-N,N‘-diphenyl-[1,1‘-biphenyl]-diamine < N,N‘-tetramethyl-[1,1‘-biphenyl]-4,4‘-diamine. This relation is reasonably explained with Marcus theory, since the λ value is directly related to the activation energy of hole transfer from one amine cation radical to a neighboring neutral amine, according to Marcus theory. The geometry changes in the ionization process are inspected to find a ...

Characterization of DNA-directed RNA polymerases in isolated macronuclei of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. Effects of purified ornithine decarboxylase and amine compounds.

The possible regulatory interactions of purified ornithine decarboxylase with DNA-directed RNA polymerases in isolated macronuclei from the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila were studied. It has been found that highly purified ODC (specific activity 10.2 mumols CO2 x h-1 x mg-1), even at activities of 37,500 nmol CO2 x h-1 per ml failed to alter RNA polymerase activity in the in vitro transcription assay in the presence or absence of the substrate L-ornithine at 20mM. The naturally occurring di- and polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine stimulated in-vitro-transcription in isolated macronuclei more at optimal Mg2+/Mn(2+)-concentrations than at suboptimal concentrations, suggesting that polyamines act via a mechanism which is distinct from that of the inorganic cations. Of the monovalent amine compounds tested, (NH4)+ at high concentrations between 40 and 50mM slightly stimulated activity whereas the onset of stimulation by the organic amine compounds, piperidine and cyclohexylamine, was inversely related to the hydrophobicity of each particular compound. In the series of divalent amines, the correct distance between the N-atoms appeared to be very important since ethylenediamine and piperazine did not stimulate significantly but did inhibit at concentrations above 5 mM. 1,3-Diaminopropane stimulated slightly but inhibited above 10 mM, whereas the 1,4-diamino compounds putrescine and 1,4-diaminocyclohexane (DAC) were equally potent stimulators with the more hydrophobic one, DAC, reaching the maximum at lower concentrations than putrescine. For the trivalent amines, the influence of correct spacing seems not to be as important: N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine stimulated very similar to spermidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Slow permeation of organic cations in acetylcholine receptor channels.

Block, permeation, and agonist action of small organic amine compounds were studied in acetylcholine receptor (AChR) channels. Single channel conductances were calculated from fluctuation analysis at the frog neuromuscular junction and measured by patch clamp of cultured rat myotubes. The conductance was depressed by a few millimolar external dimethylammonium, arginine, dimethyldiethanolammonium, and Tris. Except with dimethylammonium, the block was intensified with hyperpolarization. A two-barrier Eyring model describes the slowed permeation and voltage dependence well for the three less permeant test cations. The cations were assumed to pause at a site halfway across the electric field of the channel while passing through it. For the voltage-independent action of highly permeant dimethylammonium, a more appropriate model might be a superficial binding site that did not prevent the flow of other ions, but depressed it. Solutions of several amine compounds were found to have agonist activity at millimolar concentrations, inducing brief openings of AChR channels on rat myotubes in the absence of ACh.

Separation of organic amine compounds on silica gel with reversed-phase eluents

Separation of organic amine compounds on silica gel with reversed-phase eluents