Organic Additives Research Articles

Speciation of the Oxide Phase of Molybdenum‐Based HDS Catalysts Enhanced with Organic Additives Using an EXAFS/Raman Coupling Methodology

AbstractThe ability to gain access to the speciation of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts used for removing sulfur and nitrogen from transportation fuels is becoming a key feature in the understanding and improvement of their catalytic activity with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions of fossil fuels. A novel coupling methodology between Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was developed, which allows for precise qualitative and quantitative analysis of the oxide phase of Mo‐based catalysts. This enabled the detailed study of various impregnation parameters and the characterization of HDS catalysts before sulfidation. To illustrate this methodology, the effects of two additives (triethylene glycol and citric acid) were studied. The results demonstrated that organic additives exert a profound influence on the speciation of oxide precursors of molybdenum‐based catalysts. The presence of these additives enhances the dispersion of Keggin or Dawson heteropolyanions (HPAs) on the support by maintaining a high phosphorus‐to‐molybdenum ratio in solution. This is achieved by two strategies: triethylene glycol (TEG) exhibits a pronounced affinity for alumina hydroxyls, while citric acid compensates for phosphate adsorption through the formation of a stable Mo‐citrate complex.

Long-Term Manuring and Fertilization Influence on Soil Properties and Wheat Productivity in Semi-Arid Regions

Information on the long-term effects of the addition of organics and fertilizers to wheat under the pearl millet–wheat cropping system with semi-arid conditions in north-western India is still lacking. The present research was conducted in an ongoing field experiment initiated during Rabi 1995 at the Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. After 25 years, the impacts of nutrient management practices on soil fertility and wheat productivity were evaluated. The experiment comprised a total of eight treatment combinations viz. half and full doses of recommended fertilizers (N and P), organic manures (FYM: farmyard manure, POM: poultry manure, and PRM: press mud) alone and in combination with NP fertilizers. The conjoint application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers resulted in a positive influx of nutrients via increasing total organic carbon (TOC), available N, P, K, and S, which ranged from 0.46 to 1.42%, 122.70 to 194.70, 15.66 to 74.92, 340.5 to 761.2, and 15.26 to 54.63 kg ha−1 in surface soil (0–15 cm), respectively. Carbon fractions and crop yield were significantly improved by adopting integrated nutrient management (INM). The TOC showed a positive and significant correlation with C fractions (r > 0.92) and with soil-available N, P, K, and S (r > 0.77) content. The data also revealed a strong relationship between TOC and soil-available (0–15 cm) nutrients i.e., available N (R2= 0.769), available P (R2 = 0.881), available K (R2 = 0.758), and available S (R2 = 0.914), respectively. Thus, practices that increased TOC were also beneficial in enhancing the availability of the nutrients in the soil. A positive and highly significant correlation was also found among wheat yield, nutrient (NPKS) content, and uptake. A polynomial relationship between grain yield and grain N (R2 = 0.962), P (R2 = 0.946), and K (R2 = 0.967) content, and between straw yield and straw N (R2 = 0.830), P (R2 = 0.541) and K (R2 = 0.976) content was obtained. Integrated use of PRM7.5 followed by FYM15 and POM5 coupled with NP fertilizers proved best, which could be beneficial for obtaining nutritious and highest wheat yield (grain: 6.01 t ha−1 and straw: 7.70 t ha−1) coupled with improved fertility within a sustained manner under the pearl millet–wheat sequence in prevailing semi-arid conditions of the North Indian state of Haryana.

Evaluation of Natural Organic Additives as Eco-friendly Inhibitors for Calcium and Magnesium Scale Formation in Water Systems

Evaluation of Natural Organic Additives as Eco-friendly Inhibitors for Calcium and Magnesium Scale Formation in Water Systems

Strategies for managing corn crop residue in the context of greenhouse gas emissions.

Food production is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, both in primary production and in processing and the logistics chain. The most problematic and risky is the optimization of environmental effects in the stage of primary production. This is due to the significant influence of factors related to climate and soil that are difficult to predict. The scientific literature offers much information on the impact of crop residue management, but the context for assessing the impact of crop residue management in corn production on the carbon footprint is still unclear. The effectiveness of using organic additives like biochar, compost, corn, or straw to maintain soil productivity is well acknowledged. Information about the effects of particular crop residue management strategies on soil carbon sequestration, soil quality, and crop yield in corn cultivation is currently scarce. The research aimed to assess the potential for optimizing corn production through modifications in crop residue management, with a focus on the efficiency indicator being the level of greenhouse gas emissions per functional unit of the product. A 3-year growing experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different corn crop residue management strategies. The modifications of the corn cultivation technology in terms of the crop residue management strategy had a significant impact on the yield of plants and the amount of GHG emissions. The conversion of corn straw to biochar and its introduction into the soil reduced the GHG emissions from corn cultivation per functional unit, despite the energy expenditure related to straw transport and biochar production. From a 3-year time perspective, a beneficial effect of biochar addition on the size of the commercial yield of plants was observed. In variants with biochar and a reduced level of nitrogen fertilization, no reduction in yields was observed. This confirmed the hypothesis that biochar could be a useful material for the production of slow-acting fertilizers.

Mercury Immobilization without Methylation in Sulfidogenic Systems Dominated by Sulfur Disproportionating Bacteria.

The sulfidogenic process mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is not ideal for treating mercury (Hg)-bearing wastewater due to the risk of methylmercury (MeHg) production. Addressing this challenge, our study demonstrated that, under S0-rich conditions and without organic additives, sulfidogenic communities dominated by sulfur-disproportionating bacteria (SDB) can effectively remove Hg(II) and prevent MeHg production. Using various inocula, we successfully established biological sulfidogenic systems driven separately by SDB and SRB. Batch experiments revealed that SDB cultures completely removed Hg(II) from the solution as HgS. Remarkably, no MeHg production was observed in the SDB cultures, while an average concentration of 0.32 μg/L of MeHg was detected in the SRB cultures. The absence of MeHg production in the SDB cultures could be mainly attributed to the cultivation conditions that reshaped the microbial community, resulting in a rapid decline of SRB-dominated Hg-methylating microorganisms. Consequently, the average abundance of the hgcA gene was 28 times lower than the levels before cultivation. Additionally, we found that the enriched Dissulfurimicrobium sp. bin121 can produce biogenic sulfide through sulfur disproportionation but lacks the hgcA gene, rendering it incapable of methylating Hg. Overall, we propose a novel biotechnology driven by SDB that can safely and sustainably treat Hg-bearing wastewater.

Study of nitrogen status in different planting systems and organic fertilizer doses in sandy soil

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different jajar legowo planting systems in intercropping sweet corn with peanuts, as well as the addition of several doses of organic fertilizer on soil nitrogen status and plant leaf tissue on sandy soil. The research was conducted from January to May 2023, on the south coast of Jember Regency. The study used a split-plot design; the main plot consisted of the treatment of 2:2 (A1) and 4:2 (A2) jajar legowo intercropping systems. The subplots were different doses of cow dung organic fertilizer: 10 t ha-1 (B1), 20 t ha-1 (B2), and 30 t ha-1 (B3), each repeated three times. Observational data were analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT 5%. The results of the study showed that the combination of the planting system and organic fertilizer doses applied had not been able to provide optimal microclimate and soil properties for the growth and development of sweet corn plants. The A2 planting system provides a better microclimate and plant morphology for plant N availability and absorption. The addition of organic fertilizer up to the highest dose (B3) has not been able to maintain optimal soil water and N availability for sweet corn in sandy soil.

Effect of eco-friendly organic additives on copper electropolishing and process parameter optimization

The type of organic additives significantly affects copper electropolishing performance, including glossiness and surface smoothness. Therefore, developing efficient and eco-friendly additives is crucial for advancing this technology. This study investigates the effects of glycerol and ascorbic acid on copper electrochemical properties and surface morphology. Using the Box- Behnken Design (BBD), we examined the interaction effects of polishing time (A), current density (B), and polishing temperature (C) while optimizing the process parameters. The results demonstrate that glycerol and ascorbic acid additives effectively reduce the critical current density and limiting current density, synergistically enhancing copper surface glossiness and smoothness while slowing down the dissolution rate of the copper. Interaction analysis revealed a prioritized sequence of effects: AB > BC > AC. Under optimal conditions (1.5 min of polishing time, 12 A dm−2 of current density, and 27 °C of polishing temperature), copper surface roughness decreases from 1.2 μm to 37 nm, representing a 97% reduction, along with enhanced corrosion resistance.

Saturation absorbed sodium benzenesulfonate as crystallization modulating additive for dendrite-free Zn anode

Aqueous Zn metal batteries face significant obstacles such as rampant Zn dendrite growth and side reactions besides their benefits. Adding trace amounts of organic additives in electrolyte is considered as an application strategy to achieve long cycling performance. In this study, sodium benzenesulfonate (SBS) composed of an electron-withdrawing sulfonate group and a benzene ring is introduced as a crystallization modulating additive into ZnSO4 solution. We find that the saturation absorption concentration of SBS plays a key role in realizing the uniform deposition of Zn metal anode. SBS is vertically adsorbed onto Zn surface, building a top-down internal electric field that promotes the three-dimensional diffusion of Zn2+. SBS shows a crystallization modulating behavior in terms of grain nucleation, grain morphology and crystal orientation. The well-tailored crystallization structure contributes to a uniform Zn metal deposition for long cycling, which improved from 300 to 4000 cycles with the addition of SBS. At the saturation concentration of SBS, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell shows a lifespan of over 2200 h at 1 mA cm−2. This work not only provides a new option for Zn metal batteries additives but also offers new insights into the function of electrolyte additives.

Re-understanding and mitigating hydrogen release chemistry toward reversible aqueous zinc metal batteries

Interfacial H2 release severely limits the reversibility and feasibility of aqueous Zn metal batteries for large-scale energy storage. Different from the conventional perception that H2 release mainly originates from the competition between hydrogen evolution reaction and Zn plating process, we herein surprisingly find that non-negligible H2 is also generated during stripping due to the accelerated chemical corrosion of the newly exposed Zn surface. To address this issue, we systematically screened the organic additives with different molecular structures and functional groups. Interestingly, a positive correlation between the adsorption strength of additives and the ability to inhibit the interfacial hydrogen release is found. Taking cysteamine (MEA) as a model additive, a gradient solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is in situ formed at the Zn surface, acting as a chemical “barrier” to isolate interfacial water molecules from electrode surface consequently enable a higher Coulombic efficiency (>99.5%, 4000 cycles) compared with that of MEA-free electrolyte (98.1%, 189 cycles). This work provides a new understanding of the interfacial hydrogen release mechanism and the criteria for selecting additives for aqueous Zn metal anodes.

Pentaerythritol-Based Compound as a Novel Leveler for Super-Conformal Copper Electroplating

Leveler is one of the most important organic additives in copper electroplating for microvia filling. To enhance the microvia filling efficiency and reduce the bath control difficulty, novel levelers with high filling performance and wide application concentration range has long been pursued. Herein, a novel leveler named L1 with four pyrrolidine rings linked by a pentaerythritol backbone is designed and synthesized. Compared with the previously reported leveler TPM-1, L1 shares the same nitrogen-containing group but has an additional pyrrolidine ring. The structure-property relationship of L1 is thoroughly characterized by electrochemical measurements, theoretical calculations, and electroplating experiments. Results show that with one more positively charged ammonium groups, L1 exhibits stronger interactions with Cl− and the accelerator SPS compared to TPM-1. However, due to the variation of the connecting group, its interaction with the suppressor PEG is much weaker. With L1 as the leveler, both good microvia filling performance and high-quality copper deposition was obtained within a wide concentration range. The findings indicate that L1 is a very promising leveler for microvia filling copper electroplating, and both nitrogen-containing groups and linking groups in a leveler significantly influence its properties and performances.

The Effect Of Soil Treatment With Cow Manure Compost And Foliar Magnesium On Plant Growth Of Black Diyala Fig Ficus Carica L. Seedlings

The research was conducted at the research station affiliated with the Faculty of Agriculture / University of Kufa in the university city in the Najaf Governorate for the period from 1 March to 1 December 2023 to study the effect of organic fertilization with cow manure compost and foliar spraying with magnesium and their interactions on some vegetative traits of black Diyala fig seedlings. The foliar magnesium was used at four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 or 1.5) gm L-1, and the ground addition of organic fertilizer (cow manure) was also applied at four levels (0, 5, 10 or 15) g pot-1, and their interactions. The results showed that black Diyala fig seedlings treated with cow manure compost recorded significant effect on the studied traits, as cow manure compost at 15 g pot-1 resulted in the highest increase of seedlings height 21.37 cm, stem diameter 2.07 mm, number of branches 3.30 seedling branch-1, number Leaves 10.03 leaf plant -1, and leaf area 2448.25 cm2 seedling-1. Spraying fig seedlings of the Black Diyala variety with magnesium at a concentration of 1.5 gm l-1 excelled in the amount of increase in seedling height 15.98 cm, stem diameter 1.82 mm, number of branches 3.23 seedling branch-1, and number of leaves. 10.36 plant leaves-1, average leaf area is 1899.50 cm2 seedling-1. However, best results were recorded in the interaction of foliar magnesium at 1.5 gm L-1 and organic fertilizer at 15 g pot-1 with significantly the highest increase in plant height 25.56 cm and stem diameter 2.28 mm, the number of branches is 5.28 branches, seedling-1, the number of leaves is 15.00 leaves-1, the average leaf area is 3030.00 cm2, seedling-1.

Effect of Different Basal Media and Organic Supplements on In Vitro Seedling Development of the Endangered Orchid Species Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Swartz

The orchid Dendrobium moniliforme faces endangerment due to habitat loss and illegal harvesting, necessitating the development of an optimized artificial propagation system to aid conservation and reintroduction efforts. This study evaluated the effects of three plant growth media, namely Murashige and Skoog (MS), Hyponex, and Orchid Maintenance Medium (OMM) (P668), and various organic additives (apple homogenate, banana homogenate, and coconut water) on the in vitro seedling growth of D. moniliforme. The results reveal that, in early postgermination stages, seedlings achieve maximum growth in the Hyponex medium, with a fresh weight (92 mg) and root length (2.7 cm) approximately 20-fold greater than those in the MS medium and OMM. After 6 months, for seedlings grown in MS medium and OMM with banana (50 g·L−1), the mean fresh weights were 29 and 107 mg, respectively; however, the highest biomass was observed in seedlings grown in the Hyponex medium with coconut water (50 mL·L−1), exhibiting a mean fresh weight of 201 mg. This study highlights Hyponex medium with coconut water as the most effective combination for promoting D. moniliforme growth and identifies suitable organic supplements for the in vitro cultivation of seedlings from asymbiotic seed culture. This propagation system offers valuable technical support for the mass production and conservation of this epiphytic orchid.

Effects of Microplastics and Organic Fertilizer Regulation on Soil Dissolved Organic Matter Evolution.

Microplastics are pollutants of global concern nowadays. However, the effects of microplastics addition to soil as a carbon source and the combined effects of microplastics and organic fertilizer on soil-dissolved organic matter (DOM) evolution are still unclear. This study focused on the evolution of DOM in soil with the addition of microplastics and investigated the variations in the content and composition of DOM in unfertilized and fertilized soil with different particle sizes of microplastics. It was observed that the TOC concentration of the soil DOM in the treatment with organic fertilizer and microplastics increased more (129.97-161.43 mg kg-1) than that in the treatment with microplastics alone (117.17-131.87 mg kg-1) and was higher than that in the original soil (95.65 mg kg-1). According to the humic acid relative abundance in DOM after 40 days of incubation, the humic acid relative abundance in DOM of the soil samples with microplastics and organic fertilizers addition was found to be higher than that in those with microplastic addition alone, reaching more than 80% in a short time. In conclusion, the TOC concentration of the soil DOM increased with the addition of microplastics, and the increase was more pronounced when organic fertilizers and microplastics were added together. Moreover, the soil humification increased to a higher level in the short term with the combined addition of microplastics and organic fertilizers, which was maintained during the long-term incubation process.

Modulating interfacial polymerization by combination of organic phase additives and trimesoyl chloride for preparing high-performance thin-film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes

Incorporating hydrophilic nanoparticles into organic phase during interfacial polymerization (IP) to establish covalent bonds with organic phase monomers has proven to be a successful approach for fabricating high-performance thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. However, the effect of covalent bonds number on the membrane structure and properties remains uncertain. Herein, hydrochloric acid doped polyaniline (PANI-HCl) with a small amount of amine groups and inherent polyaniline (PANI-base) nanomaterials with a larger amount of amine groups were prepared as organic phase additives for preparing high-performance TFN RO membranes. The amine groups on the nanoparticles can bond covalently with the acyl chloride groups of trimethyl chloride (TMC), leading to the accumulation of TMCs at organic/aqueous interface and accelerates IP reaction rate, resulting in a thinner, denser polyamide layer with more leaf-like structures and free volume. The water permeance of the PANI-base-RO membrane was improved by 62.5 % from 0.8 to 1.3 Lm−2h−1bar−1, and the NaCl rejection was improved from 97.6 % to 99.4 % compared with the pristine membrane. Overall, this work highlights the beneficial impact of organic phase additives with more amine groups on enhancing the desalination performance of RO membranes, providing valuable insights for the structural design of additives and dispersing medium selection.

The Effect of Crown Ethers and Polyglycols on the Sustainability Indicators of Cyclohexane Oxidation Process

The crown ether or polyglycol additives to transition metal catalysts improve both the performance indicators, such as cyclohexane conversion, selectivity of target products, and the sustainability indicators of the oxidation process. It has been shown that the effect of the organic additives on the sustainability indicators is primarily due to a significant (up to 14.3%) increase in the selectivity of target cyclohexane oxidation products.

Simultaneously Optimizing Molecular Stacking and Phase Separation via Solvent‐Solid Hybrid Additives Enables Organic Solar Cells with over 19% Efficiency†

Comprehensive SummaryGiven the crucial role of film morphology in determining the photovoltaic parameters of organic solar cells (OSCs), solvent or solid additives have been widely used to realize fine‐tuned film morphological features to further improve the performance of OSCs. However, most high‐performance OSCs are processed only using single component additive, either solvent additive or solid additive. Herein, a simple molecular building block, namely thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene (TT), was utilized as the solid additive to coordinate with the widely used solvent additive, 1‐chloronaphthalene (CN), to modulate the film morphology. Systematical investigations revealed that the addition of TT could prevent the excessive aggregation to form a delicate nanoscale phase separation, leading to enhanced charge transport and suppressed charge recombination, as well as superior photovoltaic performance. Consequently, the PM6:Y6 based OSCs with the addition of hybrid additive of CN + TT demonstrated the optimal PCE of 18.52%, with a notable FF of 79.6%. More impressively, the PM6:Y6:PC71BM based ternary OSCs treated with the hybrid additives delivered a remarkable efficiency of 19.05%, which ranks among the best values of Y6‐based OSCs reported so far. This work highlights the importance of the hybrid additive strategy in regulating the active layer morphology towards significantly improved performance.

THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A LANTHANUM-BASED RARE EARTH CONVERSION COATING ON MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ91D AND ITS DEGRADATION IN 3.5% NaCl SOLUTION

Magnesium alloys have a huge market and broad prospects due to their high specific strength, good ductility, and strong thermal conductivity. However, the active chemical properties of elemental magnesium and the negative standard electrode potential result in magnesium alloys being highly susceptible to corrosion and failure. Chemical conversion treatment of magnesium alloy can improve its corrosion resistance by preparing a chemical conversion film on its surface. Rare earth conversion treatment has the advantages of effortless process, moderate price, no pollution, good corrosion resistance, and synergistic effect with inorganic or organic additives, which is in line with the pursuit of “green chemical” in industrial production. At present, there is little research and application on lanthanum-based rare earth conversion coatings (La-RECC). This paper selects rare earth element lanthanum (La) to prepare La-RECC on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy through chemical conversion treatment. The microstructure, chemical composition, and protective properties of La-RECC were discovered, as well as their interrelationships, revealing the degradation process of La-RECC in 3.5% NaCl solution. La-RECC is composed of La(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2, exhibiting a crystal cluster structure with cracks, and there are a large number of needle-like crystals on the crystal cluster of La-RECC, with a thickness of 2.14 [Formula: see text]m. The degradation process of La-RECC can be divided into three stages: Rapid degradation, slow degradation, and complete degradation. The complete degradation time of La-RECC in 3.5% NaCl solution is 82.5[Formula: see text]h.

Formation of the quality of champignons using organic additives and biologically active substances

This article provides a summary of the results of research using various additives to improve the yield of mushrooms. To improve the quality of mushrooms mushrooms studies were carried out to increase the yield of mushrooms using organic additives and biologically active substances grown on substrates of soybean seeds, meat and bone meal, powder from buckwheat seeds and millet. Conducted a comparative characterization of the impact of mushrooms mushrooms on quality indicators. In carrying out the study different objectives, such as increasing the composition, the quality of agricultural products, as well as the volume of production, the impact on growth. The article presents current methodological and agro-technical problems of mushroom growing technology. However, they are not enough, in our opinion, studied the effect of organic additives and biologically active products on the formation of not only the yield but also the quality of mushrooms. Vitamins, macro - and microelements and energy value of mushrooms champignons presented in the results of the study. Cultivation of mushrooms is provided to meet the needs of humans and the environment on the basis of increasing their biological value, for therapeutic treatment of various cancers and use as a food, pesticide product, in everyday life for the human body, health, normal daily diet as a product with many benefits from high quality and simple mushrooms. In the study, vitamins C,PP showed higher values than other vitamins, And in the amount of 100 g of macro and trace elements can be noticed high content of potassium and phosphorus. It is worth noting that the calorie content of mushrooms is only 27 kilocalories per one hundred grams of product. The nutritional value of mushrooms is one of the factors affecting their population.

Response of orange Saplings to spraying with brassinolide and add-ing organic fertilizer in some of vegetative and root growth charac-teristics

The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture station in the Al-Hindiya district / Karbala governorate during the 2023 growing season, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The study aimed to investigate the response of two orange Cultivars (Blood and Navel) to spraying with the growth regulator brassinolide at three concentrations (0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg L-1) and the addition of organic fertilizer (Humzinc) to the soil at three concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 g L-1). The results showed the superiority of the Blood Cultivar over the Navel Cultivar in stem length, stem diameter, Leaves number, root length, and root volume, while the Navel Cultivar excelled in leaf area. Treatment with brassinolide at a concentration of 0.6 mg L-1 or the addition of organic fertilizer at a concentration of 1 g L-1 resulted in the highest significant increase in stem length, stem diameter, Leaves number, leaf area, root length, and root volume. Regarding the interactions between study factors, the binary and ternary interactions had a significant effect on improving vegetative and root growth Traits. The ternary interaction treatment (Blood Cultivar + brassinolide 0.6 mg L-1 + 1 g L-1) outperformed by giving the highest average increase in stem length (35.98 cm), stem diameter (7.993 mm), average Leaves number (117.66 leaves seedling-1), root length (120.67 cm), and root volume (52.33 cm3), while the treatment (Navel Cultivar + brassinolide 0.6 mg L-1 + 1 g L-1) significantly excelled in leaf area (38.57 cm2).

Engineering the structure-directed functional properties of brominated organic additives for high-performance Li-CO2 batteries

In recent years, functional brominated organic additives in electrolytes have been widely studied during the CO2ER (CO2 evolution reaction) and CO2RR (CO2 reduction reaction) processes for Li-CO2 batteries. Due to their different structures, the functions of these additives are always unpredictable, multiple and limited. There seems to be a lot of materials to choose from for an additive, but there is no well-established and effective methodology to guide the selection. Herein, we introduced B3BPE, E4BCT and BPB into electrolytes for Li-CO2 batteries and focused on the structure-directed engineering of additives, including the position of halide substituent groups, the chain length of organic materials, their chain-break product as well as their corresponding difference in electrochemical properties, as additives for comparison. As a result, B3BPE has the longest chain length and strongest polarity. Experiments coupled with density functional theory simulations indicate that this structure exhibits the stronger interaction with Li2CO3, which benefits the CO2ER process, the charging voltage can be maintained at 3.90 V for 120 cycles even with a Super P cathode. In this work, we provided an electrolyte-selection engineering for brominated organic compounds, further inspiring in-depth understanding for bromide additives in future high-performance Li-CO2 batteries.