A method was developed for the simultaneous detection of 38 antibiotic residues, which included 8 sulfonamides, 14 fluoroquinolones, 9 macrolides, and 7 anthelminthics, in drinking water, tap water, and environmental water. The method involved organic suspension droplet solid-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of the water samples. Hypersil GOLD C18 chromatography column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) be used for separation of target analytes that were eluted by a gradient mobile phase composition of 0.2 % formic acid–water as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min−1. Using 0.2 mL of octanoic acid as the extractant and 0.3 mL of acetonitrile as the dispersant. Under optimal conditions, the standard curve exhibits a good linear relationship within the range of 1–50 μg L−1. The spiked recovery rate of the method ranges from 63 % to 96 %, with a relative standard deviation of 0.6 % to 7.3 % (n = 6). The detection limit of the method is between 0.1 and 0.2 μg L−1. This method is characterized by its simplicity, speed, and high sensitivity, which sets the groundwork for investigating the exposure levels and environmental behavior of antibiotics.