Organ Donation Attitudes Research Articles

Attitudes and Willingness of Patients Toward Organ Donation and Distrust in the Health Care System: Insights from Turkish Family Physicians

ObjectivesOrgan transplant recipients express trust in their physicians with the phrase, "I entrust my life first to Allah and then to you." However, trust is not reflected in organ donor rates in Türkiye despite the rising incidence of end-stage organ failures.The aim of this study was to map individuals' attitudes, willingness, and behaviour towards organ donation, relationships with distrust in the health care system, religious aspects, and demographic variables. Material and MethodsIn a descriptive cross-sectional approach, a face-to-face questionnaire was issued to randomly selected 557 patients in family medicine clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Istanbul city. Positive and negative attitudes subscales of the organ donation attitude scale and distrust in the health care system scale were used. ResultsThe organ donation rate was 12.4%, and 37.9% of participants were willing to donate. A higher education level revealed higher rates of willingness but did not supply a higher donation rate (p=0.001, p=0.048).The liver was the organ with the most potential to donate (90.3%).The average positive and negative attitude scores towards organ donation were 48.10 ± 21.41and 72.11 ± 26.47, highlighting negative tendency. The rate of refusals donated for religious reasons was 30.1%. It was observed that individuals who religiously refused organ donation were less willing to donate and showed higher distrust in the healthcare system (p<0.001; p<0.001),but they exhibited more positive and less negative donation attitude scores versus others (p<0.001; p<0.001). Approximately half of the participants reported awareness of organ donation law and brain death principles supporting a significantly higher donation rate(p<0.001; p<0.001). ConclusionsOur findings highlight a crucial mismatch between willingness, attitudes, distrust, religious aspects, and actual behaviour regarding organ donation. Strategically, educational materials and interventions on relevant laws, brain death principles, and reasons for becoming donors may be more effective than focusing solely on increasing donation rates.

The Effect of Education on the Knowledge Level, Awareness and Attitudes of Physiotherapy Students’ Towards Organ Donation and Transplantation

The current educational curriculum does not provide physiotherapists with adequate knowledge and skills regarding tissue and organ donation and transplantation. This study aims to investigate whether educational interventions on organ donation and transplantation lead to significant changes in physiotherapy students' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes. The study involved 96 students from the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at a state university, with a mean age of 19.61±1.43 years. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews and evaluated using a socio-demographic information form, the Organ-Tissue Donation and Transplantation Knowledge Scale, and the Organ Donation Attitude Scale. After administering a pre-test, a 60-minute educational session was conducted, followed by a post-test. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the Organ Donation Knowledge Scale before and after the educational intervention (p=0.0001). Significant differences were also observed in the Organ Donation Attitudes Scale, the Humanity and Moral Conviction sub-dimension, the Fears of Medical Neglect sub-dimension, the Fears of Bodily Mutilation sub-dimension, and the Total Negative Attitudes sub-dimension (p=0.0001). Healthcare professionals play a critical role in informing and guiding people about organ donation for increasing awareness and encouraging positive attitudes. Therefore, providing comprehensive and effective education on organ donation and transplantation to physiotherapists can significantly enhance their ability to improve public knowledge and attitudes towards organ donation.

Increasing positive attitudes towards organ donation and improving the competence of coping with death through organ transplant nursing course: A two-group quasi-experimental study

AimThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of an organ transplant nursing course offered to nursing students on increasing positive attitudes towards organ donation and developing competence in coping with death. BackgroundIncorporating organ donation education into undergraduate nursing curricula and promoting of coping mechanisms for coping with death, has been emphasized as a critical foundation for the preparating of the next generation of nurses. DesignTwo-groups pre- and post-intervention evaluation quasi-experimental design study. MethodsThis study was conducted between February and July 2023 with a total of 237 nursing students studying at two different universities, 116 of whom took the organ transplant course and 121 of whom did not take the course. Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, Coping with Death Scale-Short Form and Organ Donation Attitudes Scale were used for data collection. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-Square, t-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the data. ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the students who took organ transplant nursing courses and those who did not in terms of the mean scores of coping with death competence and positive and negative attitudes toward organ donation (p<0.05). It was found that taking an organ transplant nursing course affected nursing students' coping with death competence and their positive and negative attitudes toward organ donation (p <0.01). ConclusionTaking the organ transplant nursing course was associated with improved competence in coping with death a increased positive and decreased negative attitudes.

Attitudes Toward Organ Donation and Sense of Compassion in Nursing Students

This descriptive type of study was conducted on students studying in the nursing department to determine the relationship between their attitudes toward organ donation and their sense of compassion. Data were collected for students’ sociodemographic characteristics, the Organ Donation Attitude Scale (ODAS), and the compassion scale. The mean age of the participants was 20.40 ± 1.87, 79.7% were female, and 92.8% stated that the kidney could be donated. A very weak negative relationship was found between ODAS positive attitude and negative attitude scores. Between ODAS positive attitudes and the subscales of the compassion scale, it was determined that there was a significant positive correlation with kindness, a weak negative correlation with indifference, a weak positive correlation with common humanity, a weak negative correlation with separation, a weak positive correlation with mindfulness, and a weak negative correlation with disengagement. Nursing students’ organ donation attitudes are affected by compassion.

Religious attitude and sense of citizenship effect on organ donation in nursing students: A cross-sectional study

AimThis study examined the effect of religious attitude and sense of citizenship to organ donation attitudes and organ donation willingness among nursing students. BackgroundOrgan donation is an issue that should be evaluated together with medical, religious, social, economic, cultural, legal and ethical variables. However, there is no research examining the effect of religious attitudes or sense of citizenship on organ donation attitudes and willingness. DesignA descriptive, correlational study. MethodsA total of 225 nursing students participated in the study between February and April 2020. The data were collected with the Ok-Religious Attitude Scale, the Sense of Citizenship Scale, an Organ Donation Questionnaire and the Organ Donation Attitude Scale. ResultsA sample of 187 nursing students participated; 50.8% of them were in the stage of thinking about organ donation willingness. Older nursing students (β =.231, p<.001) was positively affected to the positive organ donation attitude, while being male (β = −.151, p=.035) was negatively affected. Male gender (β=0.201, p=.004) was positively affected to the negative organ donation attitude. Acceptance of differences (β=-0.262, p<.001) and relationship with God score (β=-0.189, p=.006) were negatively affected to the negative organ donation attitude. Regarding the participants’ willingness to donate, acceptance of differences (β=.213, p=.004) was found to be a significant predictor. ConclusionsIn this study, it was found that being female, relationship with God and acceptance of differences had a positive effect on organ donation attitude. Acceptance of differences was found as important factor in organ donation willingness.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Willingness, and Associated Factors to Organ Donation Among Intensive Care Unit Health Care Workers: Findings of a Cross-Sectional Study

The lack of donor organs is a major barrier to the advancement of organ transplantation. This study aimed to understand the current status of knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to donate organs among intensive care unit (ICU) health care workers and analyzed the influencing factors to provide a scientific basis for improving the situation of a serious imbalance between the ratio of organ supply and demand. From November 2021 to March 2022, 160 ICU health care workers from 3 level 3A hospitals in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China were chosen as subjects by the cluster sampling method. A cross-sectional study of the participants was carried out using a general information questionnaire, Organ Donation Knowledge Scale, Organ Donation Attitude Scale, and Organ Donation Willingness Scale. The determinants of ICU health care workers' knowledge, attitudes, and willingness toward organ donation were examined using multiple linear regression analysis. A total of 150 ICU health care workers completed the survey within the prescribed time, and the recovery rate of this questionnaire was 93.75%. The score on the Organ Donation Knowledge Scale was 7 (5, 7) points, and the full score was 10 points. The score on the Organ Donation Attitude Scale was (3.87 ± 0.93), and the full score was 7. The Organ Donation Willingness Scale score was 2 (2, 3) out of 5. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that several factors significantly influenced the score of organ donation knowledge. These factors were identified as the professional title and persuasive experience related to organ donation. Additionally, the score of organ donation attitude was found to be influenced primarily by the persuasive experience of organ donation. Furthermore, the score of organ donation willingness was influenced by 3 main factors: marital status, professional title, and persuasive experience in the context of organ donation. Although the level of ICU health care workers' knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation was above the median level, they still needed to be improved. The current status of ICU health care workers' desire to donate organs is not optimistic; thus, relevant departments should take specific actions to improve the situation.

Students' knowledge and attitude concerning organ donation at Iraqi nursing colleges.

Organ transplantation is an effective therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, there is a large gap between the need for and the supply of donor organs. This study aimed to assess nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about organ donation. This is a descriptive cross-sectional design study. The study was conducted at four faculties of nursing, which were Baghdad, Misan, Tikrit, and Kirkuk in Iraq. The three tools included are as follows: I: Socio-Demographic Questionnaire; II: Organ-Tissue Donation and Transplantation Knowledge Scale (ODTKS); and III: Organ Donation Attitude Scale (ODAS). More than two-thirds (71%) of the studied students have an accepted level of knowledge, while 70% of the studied students had a positive attitude toward organ donation and transplantation. There were statistically significant differences (P- value <0.05) between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge level regarding gender, marital status, and academic year. Also, there were significant differences between socio-demographic characteristics and students' attitude levels regarding gender and academic year. More than two-thirds of students had a good and fair level of knowledge and a positive attitude toward organ donation and transplantation. Providing lectures within the curriculum is needed for students to raise their knowledge and attitude about organ transplantation and donation.

Attitudes of Future Nurses and Midwives On Organ Donation and Transplantation and Affecting Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The objective of this study was to assess the attitudes of undergraduate nursing and midwifery students toward organ donation and identify the factors that influence these attitudes. The study was conducted at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Bucak School of Health, in Turkey. A total of 700 students participated in the study, representing 88.49% of the population. Online forms were used for data collection, and the Organ Donation Attitude Scale was used as a data collection tool. Our results showed that 47.9% of the students had not expressed a desire to donate their organs, and only 0.1% reported having donated organs. Additionally, 41.4% of the participants did not share their thoughts on organ donation with their families. Our study also found that 87.4% of the participants had not participated in any training program on organ donation. Logistic regression analysis revealed that factors such as students' sex, progress toward completion of curriculum (ie, class year), presence of a family member with organ transplant experience, organ donation status, and knowledge of organ donation influenced the participants' attitudes toward organ donation. This study highlights the need for health care professionals, including nursing students, to be educated and prepared to promote and support organ donation. By understanding the factors that influence attitudes, interventions and educational programs can be developed to improve organ donation rates and address misconceptions or concerns among nursing students.

The Level of Knowledge of Organ Transplantation and Attitudes Toward Organ Donation of Carers of Patients Receiving Hemodialysis.

Purpose: Renal transplantation is the most effective treatment method for chronic renal failure and helps improve the quality of life of patients and caregivers.In the present study, the purpose was to determine the knowledge level of the primary caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment about organ transplantation and their attitudes toward organ donation.Method: The study was conducted in a descriptive fashion with the relatives of 71 patients who were receiving treatment in the hemodialysis unit for the end-stage renal failure of a state hospital between 01.08.2022 and 15.10.2022. The data of the study were collected face to face with a questionnaire form, Organ Donation Attitude Scale, and Organ Tissue Donation and Transplantation Information Scale. The SPSS 24 package program was used in the analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics, numbers, percentages, and mean values were used in the analysis of the data. The One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used to evaluate the homogeneity of the data. The Studentt test, the One-Way Analysis of Variance, the Kruskal-Wallis Test, and the Tukey Post-Hoc Test were used for the analysis between the groups. Statistical significance was taken as p < .05.Results: The benevolence and moral values/beliefs sub-dimension score average of the participants was found to be 98.44 ± 14.61, the fear of medical neglect was 32.10 ± 10.09, and the mean bodily injury sub-dimension score was 30.45 ± 11.28. It was also found that the mean score of the Organ-Tissue Donation and Transplant Information Scale was 11.41 ± 2.59. A statistically significant and negative relationship was detected between the participants' medical neglect and bodily injury attitudes and the Organ-Tissue Donation and Transplant Information Scale score averages (p < .05).Conclusion and Suggestions: As a result, it was found that the positive attitudes of the caregivers of individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment about organ donation were at a good level, and as the level of organ transplantation knowledge increased, negative attitudes towards organ donation decreased. In this context, it can be suggested that healthcare professionals provide training on organ transplantation and donation to the relatives of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.

Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Postmortem Organ Donation Attitude Scale

Bu araştırmanın amacı bireylerin Ölüm Sonrasına Yönelik Organ Bağışı Tutum Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlamak, geçerlilik ve güvenirliğini gerçekleştirmektir. Yöntem olarak ölüm sonrası organ bağışı tutumunu belirlemek için Andrei (2012)'nın geliştirmiş olduğu ölçekten yararlanılmıştır. Ölçeğin uygulanmasının ardından açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerlilik analizleri ile güvenirlik analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden sağlık bilimleri alanında öğrenim gören 450 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin değeri 0,898’dir. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi soncuna göre orijinal ölçekteki gibi dört alt boyutlu bir yapı bulunmuş ve toplam açıklanan varyans değeri %70,83 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin uyum iyiliği indeks değerleri iyi ve kabul edilebilir düzeydedir. Ölçek faktörlerinde yakınsak geçerlilikleri (CR&amp;gt;AVE; AVE&amp;gt;50) ve ıraksak geçerlilikleri (MSV70 olup MaxR(H)&amp;gt;CR olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ‘Ölüm Sonrasına Yönelik Organ Bağışı Tutum Ölçeği’nin dört faktörlü Türkçe formu kullanılabilecek uygun bir ölçektir.

Undergraduate nurses attitudes towards organ donation: a cross-sectional survey in a north Italian university.

BACKGROUND: Although research reveals that there are many complex factors influencing the low organ donation rate in addition to nurses, literature suggests that nurses and doctors' active engagement and support have a significant impact on donation rates. Donation rates can be influenced by a variety of factors, including health professionals' attitudes, knowledge, confidence, participation, and training. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students at the University of Brescia in the Campus of Cremona regarding organ and tissue donation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by administering the Organ Donation Attitudes Scale (ODAS). RESULTS: ODAS showed that most students know someone who has donated an organ during their lifetime or after death, and over half know someone who has received an organ transplant. However, 63.3% of students indicated that they had not received specific training, and attitudes ranged from 45 to 71 with a median score of 61. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed that received academic training does not correlate with students' attitudes (p=.37). Knowing someone who has received a transplant correlates with having expressed willingness to donate (p=.047), and academic training correlates with perceived knowledge about the donation process (p=.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The study found mainly positive attitudes toward organ and tissue donation among nursing undergraduate students from the Cremona campus. Further research involving nursing universities is needed to raise awareness of organ donation among the public and healthcare workers.

Adaptation of Organ Donation Attitude Survey: Reliability and Validity Maintained as Demonstrated in a Turkish Population

Inadequate organ donation has become a major public health concern for society, particularly for patients with chronic organ failure. This study aims to regulate the validity and reliability of the Organ Donation Attitude Survey scale in the Turkish population, which was developed by Rumsey et al in 2003. The study was conducted on 1088 students studying at the faculty of nursing and vocational school of health services. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0. After language adaptation, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were made. The Composite Reliability and Cronbach α (CA) values were used to evaluate the reliability and structure reliability of the scales used in the study. The mean age of the participants was 20.34 ± 1.48 years. Of the participants, 764 (70.2%) were female, and 324 (29.8%) were male. The Composite Reliability coefficients for Supporting Organ Donation, Positive Belief for Organ Donation, and all of the Organ Donation Attitude Survey scale were 0.916, 0.755, and 0.932, respectively. The Cronbach α coefficients were 0.913, 0.750, and 0.906, respectively. Analyses results revealed that the Turkish version of the scale had 2 subdimensions (Supporting Organ Donation and Positive Belief for Organ Donation) and 14 items (χ2/df = 3.111, Goodness of Fit Index= 0.985, Adjustment Goodness of Fit Index = 0.980, Normed Fit Index = 0.979, Relative Fit Index = 0.975). Fit indices and reliability coefficients were acceptable. In conclusion, the Turkish version of the Organ Donation Attitude Survey is valid and reliable and can be used in future studies.

Attitudes of healthcare professionals working in different fields towards organ transplantation in the hospital sample and the factors affecting these attitudes.

Aim: Turkish society has profound distrust and hesitation against the concept of brain death and related cadaveric organ donation. In this study, the attitudes of health workers about organ transplantation from cadavers were investigated. The effects of race, religiosity and political conservatism parameters on the attitudes of the research group were also explored. Methods: A total of 491 participants between the ages of 18-70 who are hospital employees in different fields were included in this study. An Organ Donation Attitude Scale (ODAS) was applied to the participants, which evaluates organ donation from cadavers explicitly, and the relationships between the emerging trend and the demographic characteristics of the participants, their education, the task they are responsible in the hospital, ethnicity and sectarian origins, religiosity and political conservatism characteristics were evaluated. Results: ODAS scores of our sample group did not show a significant relationship in age, gender, ethnic origin and sect. There was a negative relationship between cadaveric organ transplantation and religiousness and a positive relationship with liberal political views. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in the attitude toward organ transplantation regarding education levels, position in the hospital, and the geographical region where the person came from. Conclusion: Our country's attitude towards organ transplantation from cadavers is complex in a way that cannot be explained only by education. A conceptual study of cultural, religious and other social aspects is necessary to explain the perspective towards organ transplantation in Turkey.

The Gift That Keeps on Giving: Ethnoracial Attitudes toward Organ and Tissue Donation

The need for transplantable organs and tissues among ethnoracial minorities surpasses the number of available donors. Scholars have continued to document factors corresponding to the low consent rate among underrepresented populations. The purpose of this article is to reflect on our experience of conducting a qualitative study based on focus group interviews exploring organ and tissue donation attitudes among African Americans, Arab Americans, and Hispanic-Latinx people in Southeast Michigan. In this study, we highlight the importance of conducting in-depth qualitative research to illuminate our understanding of religious and cultural barriers to donating and to inform evidence-based organ and tissue donation campaigns, particularly among ethnoracial minorities.

Does Death Anxiety Affect the Attitude Towards Organ Donation?

It is important to determine the attitudes of nurse candidates towards organ transplantation and their death anxiety levels to help patient families make an informed decision about organ donation. The aim of this study is to examine nurse candidates' public knowledge and attitude towards organ donation. The research was conducted with nursing students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, between December 2021 and February 2022. Data were collected using a personal information form, Fear of Death Scale (FODS), and Organ Donation Attitude Scale (ODAS). Our study determined that the percentage of students who wanted to donate organs and the death anxiety average of students were moderate. It was determined that students' positive attitudes towards organ donation were high and negative attitudes were low, and there was a negative relationship between them (p<0.001). In this study, in the comparison of death anxiety by gender, the mean scores of women's death anxiety, thinking about death and witnessing death, suffering, and uncertainty of death were found to be higher than men's, and the difference was significant (p<0.001). As a result, it is thought that improving the attitudes of future nurse candidates towards organ transplantation will significantly affect their organ transplantation decisions. Education is required for students with insufficient experience.

Willingness of intensive care unit patients’ family members to donate organs: A cross-sectional study

The large gap between the demand for, and the supply of organs worldwide makes promoting organ donation an important global social issue. Even after someone has signed a consent form or registered for organ donation, ethically, the hospital still requires a family member's written permission before organ donation can proceed. As a result, a family member rather than the patient makes the final decision. This study investigated the willingness of the family members of hypothetical patients in intensive care units (ICUs) suffering from an irreversible condition to sign an organ donation consent form. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among family members of ICU patients recruited from one medical center in southern Taiwan from April to October 2014, which followed the STROBE guidelines. Of 110 ICU family members, 71 (64.5%) were willing to donate the organs of hypothetical patients with irreversible conditions. Based on logistic regression, family support, attitude, and knowledge of organ donation significantly predicted 34% of the variance in willingness to sign consent. Attitude toward organ donation and behavioral knowledge of organ donation correlated significantly with a willingness to sign a consent form. This study found that family support and organ donation attitudes were important factors in predicting the willingness to sign a consent form for the organ donation of hypothetical patients. The study provides evidence that nurses and healthcare staff need to consider family support and educate families on organ donation to encourage potential donors to accept and agree to organ donation.

Do the Compassion and Spirituality Levels of TurkishNursing Students Influence their Attitudes Toward Organ Donation?

This study was a descriptive-correlational design whichevaluated the relationship between compassion and spirituality levels and attitudes toward organ donation among Turkish nursing students. Asample of 296 participants studying in the nursing department of a foundation university in the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year was formed. A descriptive information form, Spirituality Scale, Compassion Scale, and Organ Donation Attitude Scale were used for data collection. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate scale scores. The compassion levels of students were high, their attitudes toward organ donation were positive and strong, and their level of spirituality ([Formula: see text]= 18.71 ± 6.10) was slightly above average. Higher levels of spirituality and compassion were positively correlated with positive attitudes toward organ donation (p < 0.05). The compassion and spirituality of nurses should be high for raising public awareness of organ donation.

Two significant concepts in organ donation: Empathic tendency and altruism

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an empathic tendency and altruism on organ donation. Material and methodThis descriptive and relationship-seeking research included adults who responded to a questionnaire delivered by e-mail with the snowball sampling method. The sample comprised 269 subjects according to 99% power and significance level of α = 0.05. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, Empathic Tendency Scale, Altruism Scale, and the Organ Donation Attitude Scale. ResultsA positive, strong, statistically significant relationship was determined between the empathic tendency and altruism scales and the organ donation and transplantation scale (p < 0.001). Empathic tendency and altruism were determined to affect the positive attitude subscale of the organ donation attitude scale at the rate of 11.9%. ConclusionThe findings indicate that programs that foster empathy and compassion should be implemented in order to foster a positive attitude about organ donation.

불교의 생명존중사상과 장기기증의 관계

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between respect for life of buddhism and organ donation. The research problems of this study are as follows. First, what are the general characteristics of organ donors? Second, what are the motives for organ donation pledges? For this study, the attitude toward organ donation, the commitment attitude toward organ donation, the subjective knowledge about organ donation, and the issue involvement for organ donation were surveyed and questionnaires composed of open-ended questions about the motives for organ donation pledges were conducted. The data of 139 Buddhist believers were collected and analyzed by frequency analysis and descriptive statistics and the responses of qualitative questions were analyzed using CQR-M. The results of the study are as follows. First, as a result of examining the general characteristics of organ donors, The minimum age of organ donors is 20 years old, the maximum age is 63 years, and the mean age is 43.59 years, and the standard deviation is 13.057. In the case of gender, the female pledge is more than the male, and more than half are married. In terms of health status, normal, good, and very good were more than 90% of the total responses, and their health status was perceived as good. As a result of looking at the current residence type, living together with their spouse, parents, children, or spouse and children, spouse and parents was about 90%. In the case of the organ donation pledge period, 2008 was the oldest, and in particular, the number of pledges in 2015, 2016 and 2017 increased significantly. As a result of examining the descriptive statistics on the psychological characteristics related to organ donation by organ donors, organ donation attitude, organ donation pledge attitude, subjective knowledge of organ donation, and the issue involvement showed that the mean was all above normal(3.0). Second, as a result of searching for the motivation of organ donation pledge, six sub-categories were derived; publicity and providing sufficient information, connection with Buddhist monk, connection with Buddhism, impression from life of organ donated people, genuine respect for life, and mercy practice. In terms of frequency, practice mercy was the most, followed by publicity, sufficient information, and genuine respect for life. It is meaningful that this study provided basic information to enable organ donation activities based on Buddhism

Attitudes to Organ Donation and Transplantation: An Insight From Jordan.

Organ donation rates in the Arabicspeaking world remain low; however, little is known about why. This study adapted an existing questionnaire into Arabic to improve understanding of perceived barriers to donation as a step toward increasing donation rates. We developed and validated an Arabic version of a published questionnaire, and we used this to collect data on knowledge and attitudes toward organ and tissue donation and transplantation, as well as reasons for the beliefs among adults in Jordan. The questionnaire was circulated through various Facebook groups. The questionnaire was completed by 404 Jordanian adults. Factor analysis indicated that a 3-factor model was suitable for the present study. These factors were Organ Donation Attitude, Organ Transplantation Attitude, and Fear of Health Outcomes. Generally, knowledge of organ donation was good, although only some respondents were aware of the opt-out system. Attitudes toward donation were favorable, with very few respondents reporting that religious or cultural beliefs would prevent them from donating organs. One surprising finding was that one-third of respondents expressed some degree of distrust of health services. Efforts to improve organ donation in the Arab world remain in development. We found a substantial awareness of organ donation and largely favorable views of it among selected adults in Jordan. This indicates a need to shift focus away from education and perceived religious and cultural barriers and refocus instead on the concerns regarding distrust of health services by the general population.