Fish Oreochromis Niloticus Research Articles

Toxicological Effects of Lead Nitrate on Biochemical Parameters of Fresh Water Fish Oreochromis niloticus

Freshwater systems are exposed to a variety of pollution sources, such as industrial waste, domestic sewage, agricultural disposal and mining processes. Most of the heavy metals entering into the food chain cause physiological damage for aquatic organisms. The toxicological effects of heavy metals are to non-target organisms like freshwater fishes. Lead is the most important heavy metal that causes bio accumulative toxicity in fish and other aquatic organisms. Lead nitrate is one of the heavy metals, that are found in the environment and causes many adverse effects. Oreochromis niloticus is an important species in commercial fisheries in the world. Human consumption of heavy- metal polluted water can have direct or indirect effects on human health. The present study analyzed the accumulation of heavy metals in water, fish Nile tilapia and also conducted a health risk assessment on humans. In the present study, the 96h LC50 values recorded for lead nitrate was 43ppm.The fish Oreochromis niloticus were treated for the sub lethal concentration of 1/10th,1/20/ and 1/30of lead nitrate (Pb (NO3)2) for the period of 30 days to get biochemical variations of different tissues in the Gill, Liver, Muscle and Kidney. The decreased level of Carbohydrate observed in Lead nitrate exposed fish at all the sub lethal concentrations (1/10, 1/20 and 1/30). The level of total protein and Lipid concentrations were decreased in Gill, Liver, Muscle and Kidney of lead nitrate treated fish Oreochromis niloticus. The depletion of protein, lipid, Carbohydrate content in Gill, Liver, Muscle and Kidney tissues of Oreochromis niloticus was due to the toxicant stress caused by Heavy metal Lead nitrate. A questionnaire-based dietary survey was conducted in 1000 healthy humans from the general population at various fish markets in various places of Krishnagiri district, Tamilnadu. Dietary data were collected in detail through face-to-face interview only on tilapia consumption. Intake (g) was computed. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows and all tests were considered significant at p< 0:05
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Studies on evaluation of Poondi Lake and its impact on bioindicator fish oreochromis niloticus

Poondi Lake, the major reservoir that supplies water for the metropolitan city Chennai should be devoid of pollution. Even though, the water is treated in prior to the supply, it is mandatory to check the quality of freshwater ecosystem in a periodic manner. Hence, this study is conducted to assess the water quality of Poondi Lake. The results suggest that even though there is presence of Gram-negative rods and Gram-positive cocci in the water and sediment levels, the colony count were under permissible levels. This ensures that the quality of water is safe and potable for humans. The proximate analysis, relative organ weight index, biomarker analysis, enzyme and protein analysis in the bio-indicator species Oreochromis niloticus confirms that the freshwater ecosystem of Poondi Lake reservoir is of good quality and the impact of pollution is less. But further analysis at the molecular level will depict the actual scenario of pollution in long term effect. To conclude, periodic assessment of fresh water ecosystem should be done to evaluate and prevent the pollution of freshwater. Even though pollution has an impact on the macromolecules, evaluating at genetic levels gives us a clear picture on the effect of pollution on fresh water biota.

The Effects of Substituting Fishmeal Based-Diet With Plant Based-Diet on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fish Growth, Feed Efficiency and Production Cost-Effectiveness

Aquaculture started in The Gambia in 1979 but is still at a rudimentary stage. Many government and private interventions conducted on fish farming failed due to the high cost of feed. Fishmeal based diets are expensive thus using them makes many fish farming in the developing countries unprofitable businesses. There is a need to use locally available plant ingredients to develop fish feeds. This study was conducted to compare the growth, feed efficiency and production cost-effectiveness of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish fed on fishmeal-based diet (control diet) to that of the same fish fed on plant-based diet (test diet). The two isonitrogenous (30 % CP) experimental diets were tested on 0.81g Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry for a period of six (6) weeks. The control diet composed of fishmeal, soybean meal, cassava flour, and a blend of palm oil and fish oil premixed with mineral and vitamin supplements. The plant-based diet consisted of groundnut cake, wheat flour, brewery waste and rice bran supplemented with mineral and vitamin premixes. Regarding growth performance parameters, there were significant differences between the final mean weight, mean weight gain, percentage mean weight gain and the specific growth rate of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish fed on the control diet and the plant-based diet. For feed efficiency parameters, there was significant difference between feed conversion ratio for fish fed the control diet and the plant-based diet. However, there was no difference between the fish fed the two diets with regards to the protein efficiency ratio or survival rate. The plant-based diet was inferior to the fishmeal-based diet in terms of growth and feed efficiency parameters of 0.81g Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. When compared to the fish-meal based diet, the plant based-diet was more cost-effective in producing a kilogram of feed but less cost-effective in producing of a kilogram of fish. Therefore, a plant based-diet cannot replace a fishmeal based-diet without compromising Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish growth performance and production cost-effectiveness.

Microbial assessment of water, sediment and tilapia fish of Lake Nasser, Egypt

ABSTRACT Lake Nasser is the main source of fresh water in Egypt. This study concerns microbial assessment of water, sediments and fish (Oreochromis niloticus) collected from 5 inlets or khors of Lake Nasser (Rahma, Garf Hussein, Korosko, Toushka and Abu Simbel). The results indicate that the water and sediment samples collected from the southern part of Lake Nasser (Toushka) recorded a higher microbial load than the northern part. The highest number of pathogenic bacteria was also recorded in the southern part of Lake Nasser (Toushka and Abu Simbel). Also a higher bacterial load in/on fish (O. niloticus) was recorded at Rahma and Toushka sites. In general, the results of this study show that Lake Nasser is exposed to pollution, especially in its southern part. Therefore, regular monitoring and assessment are necessary to maintain the quality of Lake Nasser.

Influence of fish meal replacement with graded levels of corn gluten meal on performance, feed efficiency, body chemical analysis and economic revenue of the Nile tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus

Influence of fish meal replacement with graded levels of corn gluten meal on performance, feed efficiency, body chemical analysis and economic revenue of the Nile tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus

Effect of some freshwater cyanobacteria on Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fish and water quality in Egyptian aquaculture ponds

ABSTRACT The present study aims to evaluate the potential effects of cyanobacteria on water quality parameters and Oreochromis niloticus in the fish ponds at Al-Abbassa Fish Hatchery, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The study identified five cyanobacterial genera: namely, Anabaena, Gleotrichia, Lyngbya, Oscillatoria and Phormidium. Oscillatoria sp. was the dominant genus in the selected fish ponds. Physico-chemical parameters of water samples showed significant variations during the four seasons. Anabaena sp. extract had the most toxic effect on the survival rate of O. niloticus after 72 h of exposure. Biochemical parameters of collected O. niloticus fish significantly increased compared to the control group. We concluded that the detected cyanobacterial genera in the fish ponds affected water quality and O. niloticus fish.

Characterisation of Oreochromis niloticus fish species of Lake Kariba, Zambia, using morphological, meristic and genetic methods

AbstractThis study aimed at characterising Oreochromis niloticus fish species of Lake Kariba and was premised on the hypothesis that there are different types of O. niloticus fish species in Lake Kariba. Oreochromis niloticus fish specimens (n = 409) were collected from both culture fisheries (Yalelo fishery, Fwanyanga fishery and Choombwe fishery) and capture fisheries (Siavonga and Sinazongwe) based at Lake Kariba from April to November 2020. All the collected fish samples were used for phenotypic characterisation, while 98 were used for genetic characterisation. A total of 23 morphometric measurements and seven meristic counts were used to generate morphometric data which were analysed using multivariate analysis. In order to delineate the sampled specimens, dendrograms were generated. Further, microsatellite data were generated from 98 samples using a panel of five microsatellite markers and analysed using microsatellite toolkit, GenAIEx, Fstat and LIAN software. Meristic results of culture fisheries showed that the sampled fish could be characterised into two strains, while samples from capture fisheries could be characterised into four strains. On the other hand, morphometric characterisation of fish from both culture and capture fisheries grouped the fish into three strains. In addition, population genetic analysis also showed that aquaculture farmers of Lake Kariba are rearing three populations of O. niloticus, while those from capture fisheries are composed of many distinct variant fish strains but can be roughly grouped into two types of O. niloticus fish species. The population of O. niloticus from the wild are genetically diverse, sub‐structured with an absence of panmixia and are present in all fisheries. In conclusion, the fisheries understudy possessed potentially three strains of O. niloticus segregated in approximately three populations.

Behavioral, physiological, and inflammatory responses of Oreochromis niloticus fish exposed to thallium and/or supplementation with Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides

The present study was conducted to investigate the behavioral, biochemical, and molecular responses of Oreochromis niloticus fish exposed to sublethal concentration of thallium (T1; 1/10th of 96-h LC50 = 41.9 μg/L) for 60 days. The beneficial role of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (ASP) as a dietary supplement (0.15% and 0.30% diet) in attenuating the resulted alterations was also studied. T1 increased the agressive behaviuor of fish in asociasion with reduction of brain levels of serotonine, GABA and amino acids neurotransmitters. Moreover, the activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and acetylcholine esterases (AchE) were reduced following exposure to T1. T1 also diminsh the catalase (CAT) activity in the brain while elevated the content of oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyl; PC and malondialdhyde; MDA) and DNA damage variables together with overexpressions of the TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β and stress related genes (P53, Caspase-3 and HSP70) in the brain of fish. In addition, T1 exposure upregulated the expressions of stress related genes, P53, Caspase-3 and HSP70 in the brain. Co-supplementation of ASP (especially at 0.30% diet) with T1 significantly ameliorated the toxic effects of the trace metal. The observasions of the present study indicated the neuroprotective activity of ASP represented by antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory events evoked by ASP in T1-exposed fish. In conclusion, the supplementation of O. niloticus diet with ASP might be a promising step for reducing the stress of pollution and keeping the behavior pattern and health of the fish.

Enhancement effects of microalgae against heavy metals-induced toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus fish with emphasis on hematological, immunological and histological aspects

Enhancement effects of microalgae against heavy metals-induced toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus fish with emphasis on hematological, immunological and histological aspects

POTENSI KERAGAMAN IKAN DI WADUK KEDUNG OMBO SEBAGAI PENYEDIA KEBUTUHAN PANGAN BERKELANJUTAN

The program to build food security can be applied to several aspect such as food safety, food availability, affordability, and food distribution. The program is carried out so that humans can manage natural resources for the availability of food needs in a sustainable manner. One of the most important foods is fish. Fish contains high protein, omega 3 fatty acids, and other nutritional. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of fish diversity in the Kedung Ombo reservoir as a provider of sustainable food needs. The research method uses survey and literature review. Based on the results of the literature study, it was found that there were 13 types of fish and came from 7 families. The fish species include parrot fish (Oreochromis niloticus), tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), Catfish (Pangasius sutchi), tawes fish (Barbodes gonionatus) and betutu fish (Oxyeleotris marmorata). In fish farming activities, one of them must be carried out properly, one of which is by paying attention to the concept of inland public waters in a sustainable manner so that its easy for the community to meet their food needs

Growth and yield of cucumber and tilapia fish in aquaponics under UAE climatic condition

The healthiest and most effective method of producing food is aquaponics, particularly in arid regions. In comparison to conventional crop production, aquaponics uses less than 90% of the water, produces crops that grow more quickly, and does not employ pesticides. With an average weight of 17g, fish Oreochromis niloticus tanks were stocked with 120 fish per m2. Three times per day, Nile tilapia were fed a floating commercial tilapia diet until they were full. Three cucumber plants were planted per square meter in plant culture raceways. Water, feed, and electricity usage are all tracked in aquaponics systems. The growth characteristics and monthly production of the fish and cucumber were noted. Environmental aspects of the system, including light intensity, temperature, and water quality parameters, were assessed. Six months were spent conducting the experiment in a two-time cultivation. Three months were needed from one seedling to harvest; the first month was spent growing and flowering the plant, and the second and third months were used to harvest the cucumbers. With an input of 992.67 tons of feed, 12110.13 K.Wh of electricity, and 59.20 m3 of water consumption, each aquaponics system produced on average 3.2 tons of cucumber in a 120 m2 area and 0.5 tons of fish in a 15 m3 area.

Effect of Heavy Metals on the Activity of Catalase and Glutathione-S-Transferase in Nile Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study evaluated the response of antioxidant enzymes, such as Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in freshwater Nile tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) exposed to heavy metals (HMs) including copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Fish were expose to various concentrations of Cu2+, Pb2+ (0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.2 mg/l) and Cd2+ (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 mg/l) for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The results indicated that enzyme activity was different according to the exposure time, concentration and type of heavy metals. CAT activity increased significantly beginning at day 45 of HMs exposure. After 60 days of exposure, CAT activity was steady with Cu and Pb but inhibited by Cd. While, GST induction was earlier observed from day 15 of HMs exposure. The increase of GST activity was found with the increase of exposure time in the treatment with Cu and Cd but not with Pb. Interestingly, GST activity was inhibited by Pb at longer exposure (45 and 60 days). Among tested metals, Cu showed the weaker effect on the activity of CAT and GST in comparison with Pb and Cd suggesting that these enzymes were less sensitive to Cu than other tested metals.

The Deposition of a Lectin from Oreochromis niloticus on the Surface of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes Improved the Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenic Activity of Osteoblast-like Cells.

Titanium and its alloys are used as biomaterials for medical and dental applications, due to their mechanical and physical properties. Surface modifications of titanium with bioactive molecules can increase the osseointegration by improving the interface between the bone and implant. In this work, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NTs) were functionalized with a lectin from the plasma of the fish Oreochromis niloticus aiming to favor the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells, improving its biocompatibility. The TiO2NTs were obtained by anodization of titanium and annealed at 400 °C for 3 h. The resulting TiO2NTs were characterized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The successful incorporation of OniL on the surface of TiO2NTs, by spin coating, was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIE), and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectrum (ATR-FTIR). Our results showed that TiO2NTs were successfully synthesized in a regular and well-distributed way. The modification of TiO2NTs with OniL favored adhesion, proliferation, and the osteogenic activity of osteoblast-like cells, suggesting its use to improve the quality and biocompatibility of titanium-based biomaterials.

Assessing genotoxic potential of petroleum refinery wastewater using biomarkers of laboratory exposed and field captured fishes

Petroleum refinery wastes contain mixtures of toxic compounds including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) which may pose genotoxic threats to the biota. The objective of the present study was to assess the genotoxic potential of wastewaters of the petroleum refinery at Sapugaskanda, Sri Lanka using erythrocytic micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities as genotoxic biomarkers in the fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to the refinery wastewater under controlled laboratory conditions and in the field captured fishes from the canals close to the refinery. Erythrocytic micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in the peripheral blood were evaluated using cytogenetic tests. Patterns of fluorescent aromatic compounds in the fish bile were also examined using fixed fluorescence spectrometry to assess potential PAH exposure. Erythrocytic micronuclei, nuclear buds and notched nuclei in the peripheral blood were highly induced (P < 0.05) in O. niloticus exposed to the wastewater for 7 days under laboratory conditions in comparison to the control fish. The field-captured fishes, Trichogaster pectoralis and Dawkinsia singhala inhabiting water canals near the petroleum refinery also demonstrated significant induction (P <0.05) of erythrocytic micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities. PAH exposure indicative bile fluorescence patterns (naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene types) were detected in the fish exposed to the wastewater under laboratory conditions and in the field captured fishes. The results revealed that the wastewater of petroleum refinery contains genotoxic chemicals including PAHs. Hence, incorporation of genotoxicity tests as bioanalytical tools for regulating the discharge of final refinery wastewater to the aquatic ecosystems would be prudent in consideration of sustainable development goals focusing on the ecosystem and human safety.

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Oreochromis Niloticus Fish and Its Active Role in Initiation and Resolution of Ammonia

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Oreochromis Niloticus Fish and Its Active Role in Initiation and Resolution of Ammonia

An Investigation on Freshwater Fish Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758): Assessing Hemotoxic Effects of Different Copper Compounds Used as Nanomaterial or Pesticide.

Considering the constant exposure of fish to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and copper sulphate (CuSO4) in natural aquatic environments as a result of increased usage of these chemicals in industry, medicine and aquaculture/agriculture over the past few decenniums, the current investigation aimed to reveal their comparative hemotoxic effects on freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus by measuring hematological and blood oxidative stress biomarkers and Cu levels. Fish were exposed to 0.05mg/L CuO-NPs and CuSO4 for 4 and 21 days. Both copper forms decreased erythrocyte, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities while they elevated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and glutathione, malondialdehyde and Cu levels. Leukocyte levels and glutathione peroxidase activity did not show any significant change. In a conclusion, the current research demonstrates that CuO-NPs and CuSO4 for O. niloticus have similar hemotoxic effects, however, CuO-NPs are slightly more toxic than CuSO4 regarding hematological changes and oxidative stress observed.

Traditional food or biocultural threat? Concerns about the use of tilapia fish in Indigenous cuisine in the Amazonia of Ecuador

Abstract This article contributes to streams of knowledge related to biocultural diversity, food tourism and the cultural impacts of introduced species. Specifically, it explores the concerns that arise from the promotion of tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus in Indigenous cuisine along a touristic route in the Amazon region of Ecuador. Although the environmental impacts of tilapia in the Amazon ecosystem have been largely documented, reports of cultural impacts are still scarce. This research addresses this gap by applying a biocultural approach, which provides a more systemic and pluralistic view of this introduced species in the local food systems of this region. This qualitative research used semi‐structured interviews, observations, a workshop and the analysis of restaurant menus to understand the complexity of the tilapia issue in this case. The results report the factors influencing the promotion of tilapia fish as traditional food, how locals perceive this promotion and its impacts on local culture and biocultural conservation, and locals’ proposals to mitigate these impacts. The discussion section uses a biocultural ethics approach to analyse these results. We focus on stakeholders' perspectives and actions to address the tilapia issue in their region while navigating their multiple ways of valuing their human–environment relations and adapting to uncertain scenarios.

Helminth Parasites in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) in Dadin Kowa Dam, Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify helminth parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of Oreochromis niloticus in Dadin Kowa Dam, Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area, Gombe State.
 Study design: Oreochromis niloticus fish species were randomly obtained from the local fishermen in the landing sites; between 7:00am-10:00am weekly.
 Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Dadin Kowa Dam in Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area of Gombe State between the months of March to June, 2019.
 Methodology: 60 Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) were obtained and examined for gastro intestinal parasites. Sex of the fish was determined by the presence and absent of an intromittent organ. The total length, standard length and body weight was measured using standard method. Dissection was done using standard procedure and the Parasites recovered were identified using the helminth parasites of fish identification guide.
 Results: Out of the 60 fish species examined. (23 female and 37 males), 21 (35.00%) were infected and were observed to habour six (6) endoparasites; viz nematodes, Cestodes and trematodes. The results show that there was a significant difference between infection rate, total length and weight of fish with female species having relatively higher percentage prevalence 11(43.50%) than the males 10 (29.70%). It was observed that the prevalence of parasitic infection increase with length and weight of the fish.
 Conclusion: Presence of these fish helminth parasites may lead to devaluation in protein constant in the body of the fish. The work therefore recommends water quality assessment of Dams as it is one of the factors that bring about the increase in parasitic infection.

Optimalisasi Pembenihan Ikan Nila Merah Nilasa Oreochromis sp. Di Ukbat Cangkringan, Yogyakarta

Abstract
 The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimization of Nilasa red tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus breeding process at Work Unit Freshwater Aquaculture (WUFA) Cangkringan, Technology Development Center of Fisheries (TDCOF) Yogyakarta. Nilasa red tilapia fish is one of the commodity that has advantages, including respond to artificial feed, grow fast, can live with high density and resistance to disease. WUFA Cangkringan was one of the government fisheries center which develop nilasa red tilapia fish. The hatchery activities is including maintenance of the parentstock, spawning, larval rearing, harvesting and post harvest. Nilasa red tilapia fish was a test fish that used at the WUFA Cangkringan from red tilapia study and released under the name Nilasa in 2012, start from 1st generation (F-0) to the 5th generation (F-4) in the program selection. The survival rate resulting from the hatchery activities with seed 2-3 cm was 80% and the seed was sold at Rp50 fish-1. The profit obtained Rp150 699 688 year-1, R/C ratio 1,34 and payback period 9 month.
 Key word: nilasa red tilapia fish, breeding process, survival rate

MaxEnt distribution modeling for predicting Oreochromis niloticus invasion into the Ganga river system, India and conservation concern of native fish biodiversity

Abstract In order to assess the distribution pattern and understand the prevailing factors for predicting further expansion of an exotic fish Oreochromis niloticus, this study was undertaken in the Ganga river flowing through the state of Uttar Pradesh using MaxEnt model. The authors report the distribution pattern of O. niloticus and prevailing causative factors mounting the expansion of O. niloticus in the Ganges based on MaxEnt modeling technique. The presence only occurrence data-set for this invasive species was prepared from the field data and also from data collated from the authenticated publications of different fisheries researchers. The data-set was analyzed with environmental and topographical variables typically incorporating seasonal and temporal variability using MaxEnt, a maximum entropy algorithm which showed that the area under curve was much closer to 1 ( 0.999). The model predicted elevation as the most influential predictor variable with permutation importance of 69.2% followed by slope_steepness (10.1%), Tmax_1 (7.3%) and Srad_5 (6.8%). The findings from the results suggest that invasive O. niloticus tend to spread in rivers where elevation is lower as well as slope_steepness of the river is higher and thus indicated that invasion might be higher in the downstream of the river. The model suggests that topography and its derived variable are the most significant predictors for distribution of invasive O. niloticus. The results of this study also confirm that the water qualities of the Ganga river are suitable for O. niloticus and if the model is supplemented with water quality variables data, the influential predictor variable in water quality can be well investigated with permutation importance.