Orem's General Theory Research Articles

A experiência do cuidador informal à luz da Teoria Geral da Enfermagem

Aim: To understand the experience of informal caregivers in the care of the elderly victims of fall and proximal fracture of the femur and surgery. Method: This is a qualitative study carried out in a teaching hospital, using Bardin's content analysis as a methodological reference, and Orem's General Theory of Nursing as a theoretical reference. Results: Of the 14 informal caregivers, the majority were female and daughters of the patients. From the speeches of the participants, the thematic categories emerged: The day of the fall, a traumatic event; agony and tension by waiting for the bed and surgery; fear, frustration, and lack of preparedness of the informal caregiver; changes in the life, deprivation and overload of the caregiver; resilient care. Conclusion: Informal caregivers should be trained from the prevention of the event to the transition from hospital care to home rehabilitation, rescuing the role of the nurse within the multidisciplinary team, and with the support by the General Theory of Nursing.

Construction and validation of the Self-care Assessment Instrument for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACTObjective:to construct and validate the contents of the Self-care Assessment instrument for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method:methodological study, based on Orem's General Theory of Nursing. The empirical categories and the items of the instrument were elucidated through a focus group. The content validation process was performed by seven specialists and the semantic analysis by 14 patients. The Content Validity Indices of the items, ≥0.78, and of the scale, ≥0.90, were considered excellent. Results:the instrument contains 131 items in six dimensions corresponding to the health deviation self-care requisites. Regarding the maintenance, a Content Validity Index of 0.98 was obtained for the full set of items, and, regarding the relevance, Content Validity Indices ≥0.80 were obtained for the majority of the assessed psychometric criteria. Conclusion:the instrument showed evidence of content validity.

INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE RELATIVE TO OREM GENERAL THEORY

Objective: analysis and characterization of articles about Orem General Theory used between 1992 to 2001. Methodology and Materials: documental study about 108 articles recorded in Medline, Ovid, Proquest databases and in the National Colective Catalogue of Periodicals Colombian newspapers library. Seventy four articles using some Orem’s General Theory were selected. Results: Orem’s General Theory has been applied in four continents. Thirty eight studies (51.3%) use it in the institutional environment and 21 (28.4%) in the community. Adults and senior citizens are the age groups more reported (47.3%). Quantitative research methods are the most common. Conclusions: sixty nine studies explore or correlate concepts from Orem’s General Theory, the development of tools or the validation of theoretical constructs.: Empirical evidence about Orem’s General Theory application shows its importance for the development of nursing knowledge and its convenience for nursing research and practice.

Self‐care Behaviour of Patients with Heart Failure

Heart failure-related self-care behaviour is important to optimize outcomes for patients with heart failure. Such behaviours include adherence to medication, diet and exercise, but self-care also refers to such things as seeking assistance when symptoms occur, and daily weighing. The study aim was to describe heart failure-related self-care behaviour, to test the effect of education and support on self-care behaviour and to discuss limitations. Data were collected from 128 heart failure patients during their hospital stay and at 1-, 3-, and 9-month follow-ups. Concepts from Orem's general theory of nursing were used to describe heart failure-related self-care behaviour and its limitations. The effects of intensive systematized and planned education from a nurse in hospital and at home were evaluated in an experimental design. Results showed that education enhanced self-care behaviour significantly at 1 and 3 months after discharge. Despite intensive education and support, patients did not manifest all self-care behaviours that might be expected. Patients in both the intervention and control groups described limitations in knowledge, judgement/decision-making and skills. It can be concluded that supportive-educative intervention is effective in enhancing heart failure-related self-care behaviour early after discharge. To optimize such intervention, more emphasis must be placed on behavioural strategies (e.g. self-medication), social support (e.g. from family members) and reinforcement (e.g. home visits).

Developing a Supportive-Educative Program for Patients with Advanced Heart Failure within Orem's General Theory of Nursing

Recovery from heart failure and coping with the effects of this serious condition has a major impact on the self-care demand of patients with heart failure. To prevent potential self-care deficits, education and support are important issues in nursing care. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a supportive-educative program that is designed to enhance self-care abilities of patients with heart failure. To structure nursing care for these patients and their families in a consistent systematized way, Orem's general theory of nursing is used as a frame of reference.

A Comparison of Three Theories of Nursing Used as a Guide for the Nursing Care of an 8-Year-Old Child With Leukemia

This article evaluates three nursing theories that can be used to provide a framework for holistic pediatric oncology nursing practice: the Roy Adaptation Model, the Neuman Systems Model, and the Orem General Theory of Nursing. Each theory is compared in terms of its view of man, health, environment, nursing, and the nursing process. Critique of each theory is presented. The decision of which theorist to use as a basis for practice is left to the individual nurse. This article explicates the similarities and differences in the three theories.

A Model for the Development of the CNS Role in Adolescent Health Promotion Self-Care

A meaningful definition of the CNS has been difficult to express because of the versatility of the role, yet a clear understanding of the role responsibilities is essential to ensure successful implementation of the CNS position within a select client population. Adolescence is a period in the life-span that represents such a population. Adolescents undergo certain cognitive changes that render them vulnerable to health-damaging behaviors often initiated during this stage of development. Health promotion self-care strategies by the CNS are important in helping the young person incorporate positive health practices in daily activities. A conceptual model, based on Orem's general theory of nursing, has been developed through literature review and refined through practical application. It is presented as a framework by which health promotion needs of the adolescent may be predicted, recognized, and satisfied through components of the CNS role, the basic concepts of Orem's model, and characteristics of adolescent cognitive development.

Orem's General Theory of Nursing and Community Nursing

The purpose of this article is to examine the way in which theoretical concepts of community articulate with Orem's theory. Philosophical and theoretical perspectives of community are presented as the basis for developing a model for community nursing. The development of nursing theory and science related to the concept of community proceeds from an understanding of community and its articulations with nursing. Three basic models of community are identified and described: (a) atomistic/contractarian, (b) organic/functional, and (c) mutual/personal. Orem's theory can be legitimately viewed as having meaning for nursing when the community is viewed from any of the three models. It is not limited to the use of "aggregate" models. The distinction comes in the view of community consistent with the underlying philosophical view of the nature of person expressed or inherent in the nursing theory. A general model for the community as a unit of service, congruent with Orem's theory, is presented.

The Structure of Nursing Diagnosis from Orem's Theory

Nursing diagnosis is generally accepted as a legitimate part of the nursing process; however, there is no consensus on the form, structure, or meaning of diagnosis within the discipline. Some nursing theories and models provide the basis for deriving a structural model for nursing diagnoses. A general structural model for a classification schema for the perspective of Orem's general theory, the self-care deficit theory of nursing has been developed and described. Sample diagnostic statements for various levels within the schema are presented. The language of nursing diagnosis which is appropriate to the theoretical perspective is also described and examples are provided. Diagnostic statement models are identified. This work is the beginning of a formal classification system for nursing diagnosis from one nursing theoretical perspective.

Health promotion self‐care within Orem's general theory of nursing

The growing emphasis on health promotion by society and the increasing utilization of Orem's general theory of nursing to guide practice, education and research create a need to clarify health promotion activity within the model. The concept of health promotion self-care is developed after an analysis of statements by Pender and Orem for their logical congruence. Further in-depth analysis of Orem's model facilitates the placement of the new concept within its current structure. The potential strength of the model for guiding health promotion practice is discussed, as well as areas for needed development.

An interpretation of family within Orem's general theory of nursing.

This article offers an interpretation of family from the perspective of Orem's theory of nursing. The family is conceptualized within this theory from three perspectives: (a) as a factor that conditions an individual's requirements for care and ability to provide care for self; (b) as a dependent-care unit; and (c) as a unit of service. The meaning of these perspectives to the nurse is examined. The different assessment questions are identified. The family is seen as having functions related to the members' development of self-care agency and the establishment of appropriate dependent care systems in such a way as to promote the health of the entire family.

Nursing Theory and Nursing Process

Orem's general theory of nursing, referred to as the self-care deficit nursing theory, is described as a theory that can be used for organizing and structuring nursing knowledge and nursing practice. The technolog ical nursing process appropriate to the theory is described. The use of the self-care deficit nursing theory is illustrated through a case study. The relationship between the case situation and the technological proc ess of nursing is explored.