Ordinary Systems Research Articles

Thermodynamic Phase Transition of Generalized Ayon-Beato Garcia Black Holes

In this work, we study thermodynamics of generalized Ayon-Beato and Garcia (ABG) black hole metric which contains three parameters named as mass m , magnetic charge q , and dimensionless coupling constant of nonlinear electrodynamics interacting field γ . We showed that central regions of this black hole behaves as dS (AdS) vacuum space by setting q < 2 m q > 2 m and in the case q = 2 m reaches to a flat Minkowski space. In the large distances, this black hole behaves as a Reissner-Nordstrom BH. However, an important role of the charge q appeared in the production of a formal variable cosmological parameter which will support pressure coordinate in the thermodynamic perspective of this black hole in our setup. We should point that this formal variable cosmological parameter is different with cosmological constant which comes from AdS/CFT correspondence, and it is effective at large distances as AdS space pressure. In our setup, the assumed pressure originated from the internal material of the black hole say q and m here. By calculating the Hawking temperature of this black hole, we obtain equation of state. Then, we plotted isothermal P-V curves and heat capacity at constant pressure. They show that the system participates in the small to large phase transition of the black hole or the Hawking-Page phase transition which is similar to the van der Waals phase transition in the ordinary thermodynamics systems. In fact in the Hawking-Page phase transition disequilibrium, evaporating generalized ABG black hole reaches to a vacuum AdS space finally.

Photon orbits and phase transition for non-linear charged anti-de Sitter black holes

In this work, we investigate the relation between the photon sphere radius and the first-order phase transition for the charged Einstein-power-Yang-Mills AdS black hole. Through the analysis, we find with a certain condition there exist the non-monotonic behaviors between the photon sphere radius, the impact parameter, the non-linear Yang-Mills charge parameter, temperature, and pressure. And both the changes of photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase transition can be regarded as the order parameter, their critical exponents near the critical point are equal to the same value 1/2, just like the ordinary thermal systems. These indicate that there maybe exists a universal relation of gravity nearby the critical point for a black hole thermodynamical system. Furthermore, the effect of impact parameter on the deflect angle is also investigated.

Preprocessing algorithms for the estimation of ordinary differential equation models with polynomial nonlinearities

The data analysis task of determining a model for an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system from given noisy solution data is addressed. Since modeling with ODE is ubiquitous in science and technology, finding ODE models from data is of paramount importance. Based on a previously published parameter estimation method for ODE models, four related model estimation algorithms were developed. The algorithms are tested for over 20 different polynomial ordinary equation systems comprising 60 equations at various noise levels. Two algorithms frequently compute the correct model. They are compared to the prominent SINDy-family for those SINDy-algorithms that have simple default hyperparameters. This demonstrates that they are comparable to SINDy and more resilient towards noise than the tested SINDy algorithms.

A survey of mean-square destabilization of multidimensional linear stochastic differential systems with non-normal drift

Mean-square stability analysis of linear stochastic differential systems obtained perturbing ordinary systems by linear terms driven by independent Wiener processes is investigated. The so obtained stochastic regions are contractions of the asymptotic stability domain of the linear ordinary system. In this work, the mean-square stability regions exact shape is provided by means of necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the eigenvalues of the drift and the intensities of the noises. Special attention is paid to how different structures of the perturbation affect the mean-square stability of systems with non-normal drifts. In each case, the obtained explicit stability condition reveals the role played by the parameter that controls the non-normality.

ESTIMATING THE QUALITY FUNCTIONAL IN OPTIMAL CONTROL VARIATIONAL CALCULUS TASKS UNDER THE CHANGES OF THE LEFT-HAND ARGUMENT OF BOUNDARY CONDITION

Estimating the quality functional in optimal control variational calculus tasks under the changes of boundary condition is considered. In control systems, there is a certain permissible change of the controlled parameter based on which the control system is designed. Unlike ordinary control systems, in optimal control systems, there is another indicator - the quality functional (optimality criteria), which also depends on the controlled parameters. Therefore, the permissible range of changes of controlled parameters in optimal control systems should be determined based on the quality functional value’s tolerances. Therefore, estimating the quality functional under the changes of boundary conditions has theoretical and practical importance. It is particularly important for problems solved by numerical methods because it is quite simple for problems solved analytically. In this article, the estimation methods of the quality functional under the changes of left-hand argument of boundary condition in the form of Taylor series with an accuracy of the second member in optimal control variational calculus tasks solved by the indirect nu-merical method are developed. According to the developed method, both the optimization function and the quality functional are functions of the left-hand argument of boundary condition. In other words, the boundary condition parameter is an argument of the optimi-zation function. The mathematical apparatus for determining the specified series coeffi-cients has been developed. These coefficients depend on the partial derivatives of the op-timization function by boundary parameter. The boundary conditions for partial deriva-tive functions of the optimal function by boundary parameters, and the determination methods for these functions using the known optimal function are studied. The truth of the Taylor series coefficients, and the algorithm for their determination are shown experimen-tally.

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF FINS OF DIFFERENT CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRIES ON ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL EFFICIENCY IN AN AIR-COOLED PVT SYSTEM

When the temperature of the photovoltaic cell operating under high radiation intensities increases, there is a decrease in its efficiency, in other words, when it is cooled with a liquid or gas, there is an increase in its electrical efficiency. The thermal energy added to this fluid can be used for different needs. In order to prevent this temperature rise, an experimental setup has been designed and manufactured. For the recycling of solar radiation as thermal energy, cylindrical aluminum fins with different surface areas and different geometries subjected to forced convection have been arranged in the channel. The effects of these fins on the total efficiency were evaluated by making different array configurations within the designed control volume. As a result of the evaluations, it has been observed that a better performance has been achieved in the staggered arrangement, although the surface area is less. In the experimental system, fins with different geometries (3-mm, 6-mm axial channel and helically shaped fins) and array positions (inline array and staggered array) have been used. With these fins, electrical efficiency depends on the Reynolds numbers (5400, 6400, and 7400) entering the control volume and the radiation intensity (700 W/m2, 950 W/m2, and 1200 W/m2) is about 13.8-9.7%. This value decreases to 7.9-6.9% in the ordinary PV systems. Thus, it has been concluded that these fins with different surface areas absorb the heat from the photovoltaic cells and play a major role in increasing the efficiency with the decrease in the temperature of the photovoltaic panel. As a result of the measurements, the electrical efficiency of the photovoltaic cells was prevented from falling to 7% under steady-state conditions. In addition to prevention of this energy loss, the thermal energy gained from the control volume is between 630-304 W, depending on the air speed.

Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter Using Cascaded Energy Storage Modules Based on Cell Voltage Equalizers

Ordinary modular energy storage systems require cell- and module-level equalizers, in addition to a main bidirectional converter, increasing the system complexity and cost. This article proposes a bidirectional buck-boost converter using cascaded energy storage modules. Each module contains a cell-level equalizer with a half-bridge cell. The half-bridge cell in each module is utilized not only for the cell-level equalizer but also for the cascaded buck-boost converter. Module voltages are equalized by adjusting duty cycles of the half-bridge cells, allowing the elimination of dedicated module-level equalizers. Furthermore, the cascaded structure equivalently increases the switching frequency and reduces the inductor current ripple. An experimental charge-discharge cycling test using the prototype was performed for three electric double-layer capacitor modules. Cell and module voltages were gradually equalized during cycling, demonstrating the bidirectional power conversion and cell- and module-voltage equalization capabilities of the proposed converter.

FAMAID: A TOOL FOR AIDING PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY

People with disabilities suffer from discrimination and obstacles that restrict them from participating in society on an equal basis with others every day. They are deprived of their rights to be included in ordinary school systems and even in the work market. In the process of raising awareness, facilitating daily routines, and developing guidance, the idea of assisting such people with handy tools/software arose and was implemented in the FamAid tool. FamAid offers people with hearing disability the opportunity to be engaged in the society through many facilities. In this work, we implemented a web application that serves as a community for people with disability who can use sign language to access the app. The app uses hand gesture recognition technique which is considered an active research field in Human-Computer Interaction technology to perform sign language translation to text. Afterwards, the text will be provided as input to the app where the output will be generated based on the request of the user. This research presents an application which is considered a gift for people with speaking and/or hearing disability as it makes their lives easier.

Irreversible energy extraction from negative-temperature two-dimensional turbulence.

The formation and transition of patterns of two-dimensional turbulent flows observed in various geophysical systems are commonly explained in terms of statistical mechanics. Different from ordinary systems, for a two-dimensional flow, the absolute temperature defined for a statistical equilibrium can take negative values. In a state of negative temperature, the second law of thermodynamics predicts that energy in microscopic fluctuations is irreversibly converted to a macroscopic form. This study explores the possibility of this one-way energy conversion in a two-dimensional flow using a basic conceptual model. We consider an inviscid incompressible fluid contained in a bounded domain, the shape of which is distorted by an externally imposed force. Unlike the usual fixed boundary cases, the flow energy within the domain is exchanged with the external system via pressure work through the moving lateral boundary. Concurrently, the flow field remains constrained by vorticity conservation. Beginning from a state of Kraichnan's grand-canonical ensemble, when the domain shape is distorted from one shape to another in a finite time, the Jarzynski equality is established. This equality states that, on average, the direction of a net energy flow through the boundary during a cycle of domain distortion changes with the sign of the initial temperature of the system. Numerical experiments are carried out to verify this theoretical argument and to investigate the parameter dependence of the energy exchange rate.

Building Fire Safety Management Analysis Based On Building Safety System Reliability Assessment Method In Green House Display Building – Cibinong National Research And Innovation Agency, Bogor Regency

Fires should be alerted and anticipated or detected as early as possible. If a fire occurs, it will be fatal such as damage to buildings, infrastructure, To prevent or anticipate fires, detection must be carried out as early as possible and prepared facilities or infrastructure for fire safety. The Green House display building is an exhibition building of living plants from various mountains in Indonesia including the mountains of Java, the mountains of Sumatra, the mountains of Kalimantan, and the mountains of Papua. Plants and soil are taken directly from the associated location. This building is allegedly very prone to fire because there are so many flammable materials such as leaves, wood and others. As well as forests in Indonesia, especially in Kalimantan and Sumatra where fires often occur. Therefore, the application of Building Fire Safety Management in this building must be applied as well as possible. Active protection systems such as fire detection devices for this building cannot use ordinary systems, because in this building, the atmosphere is like mountains with many big trees. The inspection can be carried out by several methods, including analyzing based on applicable standards and analyzing based on the assessment of the reliability of the building safety system referring to the Settlement Research and Development Center, Research and Development Agency PU, Department of Public Works in 2005 (Pd-T-11-2005-C).

Aharonov-Bohm Caging and Inverse Anderson Transition in Ultracold Atoms.

Aharonov-Bohm (AB) caging, a special flat-band localization mechanism, has spurred great interest in different areas of physics. AB caging can be harnessed to explore the rich and exotic physics of quantum transport in flatband systems, where geometric frustration, disorder, and correlations act in a synergetic and distinct way than that in ordinary dispersive band systems. In contrast to the ordinary Anderson localization, where disorder induces localization and prevents transport, in flat band systems disorder can induce mobility, a phenomenon dubbed inverse Anderson transition. Here, we report on the experimental realization of the AB cage using a synthetic lattice in the momentum space of ultracold atoms with tailored gauge fields, and demonstrate the geometric localization due to the flat band and the inverse Anderson transition when correlated binary disorder is added to the system. Our experimental platform in a many-body environment provides a fascinating quantum simulator where the interplay between engineered gauge fields, localization, and topological properties of flat band systems can be finely explored.

Om å benevne det unevnelige – Sommeren 58 av Annie Ernaux og psykoanalytisk traumeteori

A fundamental concern in understanding and treating trauma-related disorders is that such experiences – due to dissociation or displacement – are not integrated in ordinary memory systems and thus appear and operate beyond words. Through its indirect, experimental, and often surprising depictions, fiction approaches the gap between experience and survival and can shed light on the complexities of trauma. Here, Annie Ernaux's depictions of the narrativization process in her novel A girl's story (2020) are used as a point of departure for reflections on how and under what circumstances it might be possible to find words for experiences that have neither been recognized by the person implied nor talked about before. Through close reading, and in dialog with psychoanalytic trauma theory, I discuss how we might understand the possibility of representing trauma symbolically and the different modes of such representation. The movement between an experiential and a more reflective mode is discussed as a feature of Ernaux's narrative that might have enabled the integration of experiences in consciousness. I discuss how Ernaux's literary project described as “making the personal universal” can be understood as a process aimed at constituting a reality that had been cut off from history: directed towards the possibility of establishing a present external, and hence more authentic internal, witness to the events in the present. Keywords: Annie Ernaux, A girl’s story, trauma, symbolization, psychoanalysis, testimony

Application of Digital Painting Technology in the Creation of an Oil Painting Containing Graphene

Art and science and technology are two different ways people understand and reflect the objective world. The mutual penetration of science, technology, and art has promoted the development of art and the innovation of forms. Technology has become the carrier of social and cultural exchanges and spiritual world exchanges for artists, providing new ideas for modern art. In recent years, with the active development of various new media technologies, new media technologies represented by image technology and digital technology have gradually developed and are closely integrated with various fields. With the development and progress of image and digital technology, digital painting technology has had a great impact on the field of artistic creation. Of course, oil painting creation in the field of art has also encountered unprecedented challenges. This article introduces various functional methods in digital painting technology, and also introduces the preparation method of graphene graphite for printing. And through experiments, graphite with good performance was prepared, which showed that when ethylene glycol was used as a solvent and the mass fraction of graphene was 37.5%, the performance of the ink was relatively best. Finally, this paper designs a digital painting system and compares it with ordinary digital painting systems. It is concluded that the average satisfaction of painters in the designed system is 1.5 points higher than that of ordinary ones. These data show that the application of digital painting technology in the creation of graphene oil paintings has better applications than ordinary digital painting systems.

Linear Quadratic Optimal Control Problem for Linear Stochastic Generalized System in Hilbert Spaces

A finite-horizon linear stochastic quadratic optimal control problem is investigated by the GE-evolution operator in the sense of the mild solution in Hilbert spaces. We assume that the coefficient operator of the differential term is a bounded linear operator and that the state and input operators are time-varying in the dynamic equation of the problem. Optimal state feedback along with the well-posedness of the generalized Riccati equation is obtained for the finite-horizon case. The results are also applicable to the linear quadratic optimal control problem of ordinary time-varying linear stochastic systems.

State response and controllability for con-number-valued systems with applications to a class of quantum systems

In this paper, the exponential function is firstly defined for con-matrices, and some elegant properties are provided. With the exponential function as a tool, the state response of a con-number-valued system is obtained. The concept of controllability for ordinary linear systems is also extended to the case of con-number-valued systems, and a criterion is also provided according to the original coefficient con-matrices for the controllability. In addition, an example of four cavities interacting with each other by two nonlinear crystals is presented to illustrate the theoretical superiority of con-numbered-value systems.

Fractional vs. Ordinary Control Systems: What Does the Fractional Derivative Provide?

The concept of a fractional derivative is not at all intuitive, starting with not having a clear geometrical interpretation. Many different definitions have appeared, to the point that the need for order has arisen in the field. The diversity of potential applications is even more overwhelming. When modeling a problem, one must think carefully about what the introduction of fractional derivatives in the model can provide that was not already adequately covered by classical models with integer derivatives. In this work, we present some examples from control theory where we insist on the importance of the non-local character of fractional operators and their suitability for modeling non-local phenomena either in space (action at a distance) or time (memory effects). In contrast, when we encounter completely different nonlinear phenomena, the introduction of fractional derivatives does not provide better results or further insight. Of course, both phenomena can coexist and interact, as in the case of hysteresis, and then we would be dealing with fractional nonlinear models.

The evolutionary artificial intelligence-based algorithm to find the minimum GHG emission via the integrated energy system using the MSW as fuel in a waste heat recovery plant

In the present study, the system is developed to be optimized via artificial intelligence to reduce the environmental impact of the combined energy system based on fuel cells and powered by municipal solid waste as fuel. The municipal solid waste enters the waste treatment plant to prepare to enter the digester. The biogas from the digester is then put into the combined energy system as fuel. The artificial intelligence-based genetic algorithm is proposed to minimize the effect of CO2 emission on the environment. Furthermore, the environmental impact reduction via biogas is compared to that of ordinary systems. The system is modeled regarding technical and economic aspects, and the effect of key design variables is foreseen. Optimization, which is carried out, shows that in the best operation state, the system is capable of producing not only the work of 250 kW but also the second law efficiency, cost rate, and GHG emission of 36.3 %, 22 dollars per hour and 0.93 Ton/MWh, respectively.

‘It’s Backdoor Accessibility’: Disabled Students’ Navigation of University Campus

Abstract This article shares disabled students’ experiences of ableism, discrimination, and exclusion while navigating university life. Drawing upon these experiences, we argue that many of the ordinary systems and assumptions that govern university life often materialise as barriers for disabled students. Introducing the concept of ‘backdoor accessibility,’ this paper examines exclusionary practices and systemic ableism to propose that disabled students are routinely offered a lesser quality service that is argued to be ‘better than nothing.’ In order to navigate these barriers, many students reported the additional expenditure of time, resources and energy. In this article, we explore these barriers and strategies within the framework of affect theory and pay attention to the diverse ways that university life can limit or enhance the affective possibility of disabled students. In conclusion, this article makes some recommendations as suggested by disabled students as potential avenues to overcome disabling structures in higher education.

Micro-Irrigation Technology Adoption in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon: A Behavioural Model

Potato crops are one of the main sources of income for farmers living in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon. Given the high sensitivity of potatoes to water stress, water shortages can cause considerable losses in terms of potato yield and quality. To overcome this challenge, the use of water-saving technologies such as micro-irrigation systems are very important. However, the adoption of this technique remains quite low among potato farmers in the Bekaa region, who still use ordinary sprinkler systems. In this study, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) serves as the conceptual framework for investigating these farmers’ behaviour in adopting a new micro-irrigation system. To achieve this objective, we extended the UTAUT model by considering farmers’ risk perception of the use of a new micro-irrigation technology. The moderators tested were age, previous experience, voluntariness of use, gross unit margin and educational level. Examining the standard regression coefficients, i.e., the β weights, the results indicate that performance expectancy raised behavioural intention for investment in micro-irrigation (β = 0.29) while for effort expectancy the β weight value was 0.24. Overall, an increase of 1 standard deviation of the behavioural intention strongly impacted investment in micro-irrigation systems, β = 0.8 standard deviation of the effective adoption of the technology. Risk perception (β = −0.08) negatively affected farmers’ performance expectancy, i.e., the higher the perceived risk, the lower the perceived performance of the investment, which in turn affected their intention to use micro-irrigation systems. Age (β = 0.11) exerted a significant effect on effort expectancy. Finally in this paper, the policy implications of the results are discussed.

Minimal positive realizations: A survey

This survey aims to present a comprehensive and systematic synthesis of concepts and results on the minimal state space realization problem for positive, linear, time-invariant systems. Positive systems are systems for which the state and the output are always non-negative for any non-negative initial state and input. They are used to model phenomena in which the variables must take non-negative values due to the nature of the underlying physical system. Restricting the state–space realization to positive systems makes the problem extremely different and much more difficult than that for ordinary systems. Indeed, a minimal positive realization may have a dimension even much greater than the order of the transfer function it realizes. Although the problem of finding a finite-dimensional positive state–space realization of a given transfer function has been solved, the characterization of minimality for positive systems is still an open problem. This survey introduces the reader to different aspects of the problem and presents the mathematical approaches used to tackle it as well as some relevant related problems. Moreover, some partial results are presented. Finally, a comprehensive bibliography on positive systems, organized by topics, is provided.