Ordinal Measurement Scale Research Articles

Healthcare Worker's Satisfaction Assessment for a Healthcare Adverse Event Reporting Framework and the Management Approach for Such Reporting in the Emergency Department of Rural Government Hospitals.

The healthcare adverse event (HAE) reporting framework is more than just a tool. It is a crucial pillar in our pursuit of patient safety, quality improvement, trust maintenance, regulatory compliance, and ethical standards in healthcare delivery. To assess healthcare workers' satisfaction with the HAE reporting framework and the management approach towards such reporting in the emergency department of rural government hospitals by conducting a satisfaction survey. This prospective observational research was conducted in the Department of Emergency Medicine of the Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, and adjoining district hospitals from November 2023 to January 2024. The study involved 320 healthcare professionals working in the emergency department. The quantitative survey research used a questionnaire and a quality Likert scale response.The data were analyzed on an ordinal measurement scale using nonparametric statistical methods. The sample data were analyzed using frequency tables, percentage pie charts, and comparison bar graphs. In nonparametric statistical tests, the one-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to infer the population's central tendency, and the Kruskal-Wallis testwas used to make inferences about the population categories. The satisfaction of healthcare professionals with the HAE reporting framework and the management approach was diverse. When surveyed about the HAE reporting framework in the emergency department, out of the 320 healthcare professionals,50% (161) expressed dissatisfaction,47% (149) were satisfied, and 3% (10) did not comment. Paramedics were most dissatisfied (61% of 133). When asked about the management approach while dealing with such reporting, 50% (159) were satisfied, 46% (147) were unsatisfied, and 4% (14) did not comment. On comparingprofessions, 43% (29) of 33 doctorsand 62% (83) of 133 paramedics were unsatisfied, giving a poor response. Additionally, 61% (72) of the 119 nursing staff were satisfied. The non-parametric inferential tests yielded a p-value of less than 0.001 for both questions, indicating a notable difference in the population's response to the HAE reporting framework and management approach. On pairwise comparison, there was a significant difference in perception (p<0.001) between the occupation groups, except for doctors and paramedics (p = 0.638) in the HAE reporting framework. By encouraging reporting, standardizing processes, analyzing incidents thoroughly, and using data-driven insights to inform improvement efforts, healthcare organizations can enhance patient safety, improve quality of care, and prevent future adverse events. The management approach to HAE reporting involves fostering a culture of safety and transparency, implementing standardized reporting systems, providing education and training to healthcare staff, establishing feedback mechanisms, conducting robust analysis of reported events, promoting continuous improvement, and ensuring transparency and accountability.

The role of Industry 4.0 technologies in driving the financial importance of sustainability risk management

Research background: The climate crisis is one of the greatest challenges the world is facing in the 21st century. The global response to this problem must comprise transitions in land and ecosystems, energy, urban, infrastructure, and industrial systems and a transformation in enterprise and risk management. With the global pressure to fight climate change and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, the innovative potential of Industry 4.0 technologies (blockchain, Big Data analytics, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, 3D additive manufacturing and technology platforms) has been subject to enormous interest among researchers and practitioners. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated technology investment and digital transformation in many business areas, potentially including sustainability risk management. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to explore the scope of Industry 4.0 technology implementation in sustainability risk management and its financial impact. Methods: Based on the survey research, the authors verified if enterprises implementing Industry 4.0 technologies during the last five years are benefiting from their investment depending on the number of technologies. Due to the ordinal measurement scale of the analyzed variables, the verification of hypotheses was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test. Findings &amp; value added: In the opinion of the managers surveyed, the number of Industry 4.0 technologies implemented in the sustainability risk management process does not affect the enterprise’s aggregate Financial Performance Indicator, individual financial indicators (ROA, ROE, OPM, NPM and FLR) and the enterprise’s ability to manage financial risk. This study contributes to the literature on the technological transformation of the sustainability risk management process and its financial importance. The design and implementation of sustainable development strategies imply a long-term perspective, including the achievement of risk management effects in this area. The implementation of one technology, let alone two or more, is a difficult and time-consuming management challenge before synergy effects are achieved in an integrated technological eco-system.

Multicriteria ranking and selection in rank gradations of objects measured in different types of scales

To solve multi-criteria applied problems related to the construction of ratings of organizations, the choice of effective objects (alternatives, solutions), the initial data of which are presented in different types (quantitative, ordinal) measurement scales, the use of a generalized criterion in the form of an additive convolution of particular criteria is incorrect. In this regard, methods for narrowing the initial set of objects, as well as methods for constructing the resulting ranking (Kemeny-Snell medians), have become widespread. However, if the initial estimates of objects are transformed into the resulting homogeneous scale i.e., if there is a scale with the same scope of criteria, then the use of an additive aggregation mechanism in this case will be correct. An ordinal rank scale can serve as such a resultant scale. The paper substantiates a method in which the results of the transformation of quantitative (point) estimates of objects in the gradation of the rank scale when solving multi-criteria problems will be invariant for any quantitative transformations of the original scales. The preservation of the ordering of objects according to generalized estimates in the form of the sum of ranks according to equally important criteria is proved. At the same time, object orderings based on relationships with the k-th order of strict preference are also preserved. Illustrative examples are given.

The Effect of Technical Competence and Certification Training on Employee Performance at PT. Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras

Competition in the business world makes every company must keep up with changes that occur, especially in the management of existing human resources. An important component of any business is its human resources. This research was conducted to find out (1) whether there is an effect of technical competency on performance, and (2) whether there is an effect of certification training on employee performance at PT Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras. The population and sample of this study amounted to 46 technicians. The research method used is quantitative, collecting data by distributing questionnaires directly to the respondents. The application of data analysis is Partial Least Square (PLS) with an ordinal measurement scale through a Likert scale. The result of this study is that technical competence does not affect employee performance, while the certification training affects the performance of employees at PT. Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras.

The Impact of Ability and Work Experience on Employee Performance at PT. Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ability and work experience on employee performance at PT Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras. The population in this study were all employees of PT Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras, a total of 197 employees. By using the slovin formula, the number of samples used in this study were 66 respondents from 5 divisions. Sampling using probability sampling technique, using proportional random sampling method. The research method used in this study was interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS) with an ordinal measurement scale via a Likert scale. The research results show that; (ability has an impact on employee performance (2) experience has no impact on employee performance because the company's targets have been met but not followed by the results of good performance appraisal indicators

Digital Competencies and Experience In Partnership Program on SMEs Performance

Small medium enterprises need to improve their digital competencies but the lack of awareness of digital services and outcomes is a concern in business environments is one of the business units that help the country a lot in reducing the unemployment rate. The main objective of this study is to determine the direct and indirect effects of experience, digital competencies, partnership program on the SMEs performance. The approach in this research is causal research (cause and effect). The population in this study is the SME business actor who are fostered. While the sampling technique used a purposive sampling where sample used in this study is 241 SMEs business actors who are participating in the partnership program. Data collection techniques used a questionnaire with an ordinal measurement scale. Data analysis used Smart PLS 4 based Partial Least Square. Based on the results of the direct effect analysis, it shows that Digital Competence has a significant effect on the Partnership Program and SMEs Performance; Experience has a significant effect on Digital Competence, Partnership Programs, and SMEs Performance; and the Partnership Program has a significant effect on SMEs Performance. Meanwhile, the results of the indirect effect analysis show that Digital Competence has no significant effect on performance (only direct influence); Experience has a significant influence on the Partnership Program and SMEs Performance.

Can Partnerships Be Able to Save the Lives of SMEs Actors?

Small and medium enterprises are one of the business units that have helped the State in reducing the unemployment rate. This sector makes a major contribution in supporting the national economy. Real steps and efforts are needed to support and increase the power of SMEs. The main objective in this study is to determine the direct and indirect effects of perceived customer benefits and perceived competitive value on the performance of SMEs through the partnership program. The approach in this research is causal research (cause and effect). The population in this study are SMEs assisted at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III with a total of 243 SME business actors. Meanwhile, the sampling technique used a saturated sample where 243 SMEs were sampled in this study. data collection techniques using a questionnaire with an ordinal measurement scale. Data analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results showed that directly perceived customer benefits had a significant effect on the partnership program while perceived competitive value not significant to the partnership program. The results showed that directly perceived customer benefits and perceived competitive valuesignificant effect on the performance of SMEs. Indirectly, perceived customer benefits and perceived competitive valuesignificant effect on the performance of SMEs through the partnership program. Keywords: Partnership, Performance, SMEs

Success Model Partnership Program SME At PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III

Small medium enterprises is one of the business units that help the country a lot in reducing the unemployment rate. This sector makes a major contribution in supporting the national economy. Real steps and efforts are needed to support and increase the power of SMEs. The main objective of this study is to determine the direct and indirect effects of HR experience, capital, knowledge, social networks, social media, perceived customer benefits, and perceived competitive value on the performance of SMEs through partnership programs. The approach in this research is causal research (cause and effect). The population in this study is the SME business actor who are fostered at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III, with total of 243 SME business actors. While the sampling technique used a saturated sample where 243 SMEs were sampled in this study. Data collection techniques used a questionnaire with an ordinal measurement scale. Data analysis used AMOS based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that the direct experience of human resources, capital, social networks, social media, and perceived customer benefits had a significant effect on the partnership program, while knowledge was not significant for the partnership program. The results showed that the direct experience of human resources, capital, social networks, social media, perceived customer benefits, and perceived competitive value had a significant effect on the performance of SMEs, while knowledge was not significant on the performance of SMEs. Indirectly the experience of human resources, capital, knowledge, social networks, social media, perceived customer benefits and perceived competitive value had a significant effect on the performance of SMEs through partnership programs.

Success Model Partnership Program SME At PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III

Small medium enterprises is one of the business units that help the country a lot in reducing the unemployment rate. This sector makes a major contribution in supporting the national economy. Real steps and efforts are needed to support and increase the power of SMEs. The main objective of this study is to determine the direct and indirect effects of HR experience, capital, knowledge, social networks, social media, perceived customer benefits, and perceived competitive value on the performance of SMEs through partnership programs. The approach in this research is causal research (cause and effect). The population in this study is the SME business actor who are fostered at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III, with total of 243 SME business actors. While the sampling technique used a saturated sample where 243 SMEs were sampled in this study. Data collection techniques used a questionnaire with an ordinal measurement scale. Data analysis used AMOS based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that the direct experience of human resources, capital, social networks, social media, and perceived customer benefits had a significant effect on the partnership program, while knowledge was not significant for the partnership program. The results showed that the direct experience of human resources, capital, social networks, social media, perceived customer benefits, and perceived competitive value had a significant effect on the performance of SMEs, while knowledge was not significant on the performance of SMEs. Indirectly the experience of human resources, capital, knowledge, social networks, social media, perceived customer benefits and perceived competitive value had a significant effect on the performance of SMEs through partnership programs.

Die bepaling van ons mees geliefde Afrikaanse kerklied - 'n metodiese ondersoek

In hierdie artikel word 'n uiteensetting gegee van die proses en die resultate van die gebruik van 'n self-geadministreerde aanlyn opname en vraelys om die mees "geliefde" kerklied in Afrikaanssprekende gemeentes in Suid-Afrika te bepaal. Daar word aandag gegee aan aspekte soos die keuse van metode, steekproefneming van respondente, vraelysontwerp en die statistiese ontleding van response. Sommige van die risikoverminderingstrategieë wat die navorser gebruik, word ook uitgelig. Uit die ontleding van die data is dit duidelik dat gemeentes 'n voorkeur toon vir kerkliedere uit die Liedboek en Psalmboek, maar dat daar duidelik ook 'n liefde is vir liedere uit beide die VONKK- en FLAM-genre. Dit is verder ook duidelik dat die Psalms (al is dit net 'n paar) in die amptelike Afrikaanse Liedboek steeds 'n belangrike rol speel in die spiritualiteit van baie van die Afrikaanssprekende gemeentes in Suider-Afrika. Hierdie artikel dra by tot die metodologiese debat in die navorsingsveld van kerkmusiek.

Well-being Changes from Year to Year: A Comparison of Current, Remembered and Predicted Life Satisfaction

I study yearly changes in personal well-being combining data on current, retrospective and prospective life satisfaction from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Predicted and remembered changes in life satisfaction are both positive on average and match well, whereas the average year to year-change inferred from reports of current life satisfaction is negative. Retrospective assessments of past well-being are strongly influenced by current life satisfaction, significantly related to past life satisfaction and linked to past predictions of current satisfaction. Due to different problems related to the ordinal measurement scale, changes in subjective reference systems and recall ability, the analysis overall suggests that direct reports of intertemporal changes provide valuable additional information for the analysis of individual well-being.

Optimization of Job Descriptions and Job Specifications on Employee Performance in Bandung State Administrative Court

The purpose of this study is to see the effect of job descriptions and job specifications either partially or simultaneously on employee performance in solving cases and to explain their optimization in order to achieve timely settlement of cases. This research is a combined research between descriptive and causal designs. The variable shows the research data is valid and reliable. The total population is 47 people. The sample was used as much as 46 survey respondents questionnaire and respondents 1 interview. The independent variables of this study are job descriptions (X1) and job specifications (X2) which are covered by employee performance in case resolution (Y). Measurement using ordinal measurement scale variables with a Likert attitude scale. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using SPSS 25.0 application. From the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that the job descriptions variable does not have a partial effect on Employee Performance in Case Resolution at PTUN Bandung. Job specifications variable gives a partially significant influence on Employee Performance in Case Resolution at PTUN Bandung. Job descriptions and job specifications variables have a significant effect simultaneously (simultaneously) on Employee Performance in Case Resolution at PTUN Bandung. The implementation of job descriptions and job specifications can optimize employee performance so that it can realize case resolution at PTUN Bandung as mandated by SEMA Number 2 of 2014.

Optimization of Job Descriptions and Job Specifications on Employee Performance in Bandung State Administrative Court

The purpose of this study is to see the effect of job descriptions and job specifications either partially or simultaneously on employee performance in solving cases and to explain their optimization in order to achieve timely settlement of cases. This research is a combined research between descriptive and causal designs. The variable shows the research data is valid and reliable. The total population is 47 people. The sample was used as much as 46 survey respondents questionnaire and respondents 1 interview. The independent variables of this study are job descriptions (X1) and job specifications (X2) which are covered by employee performance in case resolution (Y). Measurement using ordinal measurement scale variables with a Likert attitude scale. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using SPSS 25.0 application. From the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that the job descriptions variable does not have a partial effect on Employee Performance in Case Resolution at PTUN Bandung. Job specifications variable gives a partially significant influence on Employee Performance in Case Resolution at PTUN Bandung. Job descriptions and job specifications variables have a significant effect simultaneously (simultaneously) on Employee Performance in Case Resolution at PTUN Bandung. The implementation of job descriptions and job specifications can optimize employee performance so that it can realize case resolution at PTUN Bandung as mandated by SEMA Number 2 of 2014.

Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS as a Method for Assessing Socioeconomic Phenomena on the Basis of Survey Data.

In the assessment of most complex socioeconomic phenomena with the use of multicriteria methods, continuous data are used, the source of which are most often public statistics. However, there are complex phenomena such as quality of life and quality of services in the assessment, for which questionnaire surveys and ordinal measurement scales are used. In this case, the use of classic multicriteria methods is very difficult, taking into account the way of presenting this type of data by official statistics, as well as their permissible transformations and arithmetic operations. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was the presentation of a novel framework which can be applied for assessing socioeconomic phenomena on the basis of survey data. It was assumed that the object assessments may contain positive or negative opinions and an element of uncertainty expressed in the form a “no”, “difficult to say”, or “no opinion” answers. For this reason, the intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS (IF-TOPSIS) method is proposed. To demonstrate the potential of this solution, the results of measuring the subjective quality of life of the inhabitants of 83 cities in EU countries, EFTA countries, the UK, the Western Balkans, and Turkey are presented. For most cities, a high level of subjective quality of life was observed using the proposed approach. The highest level of quality of life was observed in Zurich, whereas the lowest was observed in Palermo.

Analysis of the adoption of agricultural innovations in quinoa producers from Cabana, Puno (Peru)

The main objective of the research was to characterize the innovation network and estimate an innovation adoption rate to evaluate its relationship with income generation in quinoa producers in Cabana. The characterization of the innovation network has been carried out using the social network analysis methodology (SNA), the innovation adoption index (IAI) has been obtained through an ordinal measurement scale and the return of the level of adoption of innovations on Producers' income has been estimated using the two-stage least squares methodology (TSLS) through the data obtained in a survey of 268 producers. The weak articulation of social capital has been evidenced in Cabana quinoa producers; however, the network of customers and input suppliers is well defined. Most of the producers stand out for their innovations in the productive component, the main weakness is related to the scarce innovation in the administration component. For each level of innovation adopted, a return of 49.09% on the income of the producer has been estimated, showing that the adoption of innovations has a greater impact on the generation of economic income compared to the years of schooling that only reaches 7.8%.

System for Uncertainty Factors Accounting When Optimizing and Choosing Effective Options for Network Work Schedules on a Dynamic Model with Dead-End Controls

This article proposes accounting for uncertainty factors in a dynamic optimization model. Accounting for uncertainty factors in equipment performance is represented by a decreasing piecewise-constant function, the domain of which is the expert ordinal measurement scale. The basis of the optimization of the execution time on the example of creating a helicopter technology is the dead-end control method which refers to such an admissible Boolean control in which the replacement of an arbitrary zero component by one leads to a violation of the resource constraint. To ensure stable work of a manufacturer, several options of network schedules are usually calculated based on various initial data. The final choice of the effective option is made according to a vector criterion, which can include the time of completion of a complex of works, the degree of intensity of a plant’s work plans, the uniformity of the equipment load (work teams), etc.

ECOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE POPULATION'S ATTITUDE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY.

Evaluation of the key environmental determinants that shape the response of the social environment tothe activities of nuclear power plants. The poll was conducted in the observation zone (OZ) of the South-Ukrainian NPP (SUNPP).A repetition-free probabilistic selection was used in the population survey. The sample of respondents from the population of the SUNPP OZ was 322 people with the sampling error of 5.4 % and confidence interval of 95.0%. An ordinal 5-point measurement scale was used to assess the quality of life and anxiety, and nominal measurement scaleswere used for other issues. All the age groups of population from 20 to 65 years were taken into account. The sociohygienic, sociological, statistical and mathematical research methods were applied in the process of work (relativevalues, averages, reliability of paired differences according to Student's t test). The level of perception of radiation risk by the population of the NPP OZ was the lowest among respondentsof satellite cities of Rivne NPP (RNPP) and SUNPP compared to the population of rural settlements and cities of theOZ. Storage and shipment of radioactive waste are the determinant among the factors that form an environmentalthreat to the population of OZ as a result of NPP activities. Social factors that determine the assessment of environmental safety of NPP activities are employment at the NPP, place of residence, gender, age, level of education of thepopulation, etc. The «Ch-image» of the ecological catastrophe formed in the population of Ukraine as a result of theChNPP accident , regardless of the place of residence on the territory of Ukraine, influences behavior, formation ofplans and assessments, especially in population living near the ionizing radiation sources. The current legislation governing the relationship between functioning NPPs and the communities inwhich they are located needs to be improved, guided by the basic principle of environmental public health - socialjustice, i.e. the human right to a healthy environment. It means that the settlements of the OZ (communities)receive funds to compensate for risk living in compliance with certain safety rules to maintain health. Legal regulation and constant awareness of population are the main directions for the formation of adequate assessments.

Investigating Schema-Free Encoding of Categorical Data Using Prime Numbers in a Geospatial Context

Prime numbers are routinely used in a variety of applications, e.g., cryptography and hashing. A prime number can only be divided by one and the number itself. A semi-prime number is a product of two or more prime numbers (e.g., 5 × 3 = 15) and can only be formed by these numbers (e.g., 3 and 5). Exploiting this mathematical property allows schema-free encoding of geographical data in nominal or ordinal measurement scales for thematic maps. Schema-free encoding becomes increasingly important in the context of data variety. In this paper, I investigate the encoding of categorical thematic map data using prime numbers instead of a sequence of all natural numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, ..., n) as the category identifier. When prime numbers are multiplied, the result as a single value contains the information of more than one location category. I demonstrate how this encoding can be used on three use-cases, (1) a hierarchical legend for one theme (CORINE land use/land cover), (2) a combination of multiple topics in one theme (Köppen-Geiger climate classification), and (3) spatially overlapping regions (tree species distribution). Other applications in the field of geocomputation in general can also benefit from schema-free approaches with dynamic instead of handcrafted encoding of geodata.

Large-Area Characterization of Urban Morphology—Mapping of Built-Up Height and Density Using TanDEM-X and Sentinel-2 Data

In this paper, we establish a novel multistep procedure for morphologic characterization of built environments in terms of built-up height and density. We rely on elevation measurements from the TanDEM-X mission (TDM) and multispectral Sentinel-2 imagery. These earth observation systems feature a notable tradeoff between a fairly high spatial resolution and large-area coverage and, thus, allow for spatially continuous analysis of built environments around the globe. To this purpose, we follow an automated workflow that foresees the distinction of “built-up” and “non-built-up” areas by relying on the so-called Global Urban Footprint processor. This information is deployed within a tailored filtering procedure for the TDM digital surface model data to extract elevation information for built-up areas. Subsequently, the intra-urban land cover is mapped under consideration of Sentinel-2 imagery and serves as basis to compute built-up heights and densities. These two measures are finally combined for a morphologic characterization of the built environment on an ordinal scale of measurement. Empirical validation efforts are provided based on comparative analysis with respect to more than 3.2 million individual building geometries and affiliated height measurements from cadastral data sources. The datasets cover the settlement areas of the capital cities and other major cities in Germany, England, and the Netherlands. The experimental results underline the capability for a morphologic characterization of built environments with viable accuracies.

Konstruksi Indikator dan Formula Penilaian Kualitas Pemilu di Indonesia

General elections in Indonesia that have been carried out since 1955 have proceeded without having clear election quality indicators and indicators. Improving the quality of elections is one of the keys to realizing quality democracy. Standard indicators and evaluations of the quality of elections in previous studies were not able to represent the principles of Pancasila democratic values, local political cultural values, and heterogeneous conditions of Indonesian society, so special studies were needed to improve election quality standards in accordance with conditions in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to develop indicators and instruments for assessing the quality of National Elections in Indonesia. The research method used is library research supported by the results of relevant research. Indicators for evaluating the quality of elections are built through all aspects of the pre, post and post-election governance process. All aspects meet the principles of equality, freedom, justice, transparency, professionalism, security, integrity and adjustment of local political culture. Assessment of election quality can be carried out through the opinion trail method and measured by ordinal measurement scale. Standardization The national election quality index established and developed in accordance with the times, guarantees the accuracy of measuring the quality of elections, so that the quality of elections can be improved on an ongoing and consistent basis.