Ordered Logit Regression Model Research Articles

End-of-Life Care Planning in Accountable Care Organizations: Associations with Organizational Characteristics and Capabilities.

To measure the extent to which accountable care organizations (ACOs) have adopted end-of-life (EOL) care planning processes and characterize those ACOs that have established processes related to EOL. This study uses data from three waves (2012-2015) of the National Survey of ACOs. Respondents were 397 ACOs participating in Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial ACO contracts. This is a cross-sectional survey study using multivariate ordered logit regression models. We measured the extent to which the ACO had adopted EOL care planning processes as well as organizational characteristics, including care management, utilization management, health informatics, and shared decision-making capabilities, palliative care, and patient-centered medical home experience. Twenty-one percent of ACOs had few or no EOL care planning processes, 60 percent had some processes, and 19.6 percent had advanced processes. ACOs with a hospital in their system (OR: 3.07; p=.01), and ACOs with advanced care management (OR: 1.43; p=.02), utilization management (OR: 1.58, p=.00), and shared decision-making capabilities (OR: 16.3, p=.000) were more likely to have EOL care planning processes than those with no hospital or few to no capabilities. There remains considerable room for today's ACOs to increase uptake of EOL care planning, possibly by leveraging existing care management, utilization management, and shared decision-making processes.

Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Private Irrigation Supply in Nandom District, Ghana

This study investigated farmers willingness to pay (WTP) for private irrigation in Nandom district, Ghana. The study randomly sampled 236 farmers and analyzed data using descriptive statistics and ordered logit regression model. Results revealed that 94.5 percent of the farmers were WTP for private irrigation services with a mean of 35.83 cedis. Farmers’ WTP is determined by income, age, farm size, engagement in an off-farm occupation, labour hours invested in farm operation, yield losses experienced from drought, anticipated yield gain from the use of irrigation, engagement in dry season gardening and access to extension services. It was concluded that the establishment of private irrigation schemes is a feasible venture and should be considered as a policy option for improved supply of agricultural water. To sustain farmers’ WTP for private irrigation service, the creation of off-farm ventures is recommended as it serves as alternative income sources to finance farm operations. Keywords : Farmers’ Willingness to Pay, Private Irrigation, Ordered Logit Regression, Nandom

How Muslims Understand Democracy: An Empirical Investigation

This study examines how Muslims understand democracy and its essential components. We hypothesize that, although Muslims tend to value democracy as high as non-Muslims, Muslims may have a unique understanding of procedural, as well as substantive, components of democracy, which is significantly different from non-Muslims. Employing the latest data from World Values Survey, our descriptive statistics suggest that while Muslims highly value democracy, and believe they don’t have enough of it, their notion of democracy is distinct from that of non-Muslims. Muslims tend to associate democracy with its perceived outcomes, and do not have a substantial reservation against the interference of the army or religious authorities in the governing process. On the other hand, they view procedural aspects of democracy, such as elections, civil rights and gender equality, as less essential than their non-Muslim counterparts. We then use ordered logit regression model, controlling for various macro-, as well as micro-level determinants of democracy. Our regression results show that the determinants of Muslims’ attitudes towards democracy, and its different notions, are considerably distinct from those of non-Muslims.

Factors Affecting Farmer’s Chemical Fertilizers Consumption and Water Pollution in Northeastern Iran

Pollution by fertilizers containing nitrogen is one of the most significant sources of water pollution, and agriculture sector has a considerable share in this type of pollution. In this study, factors affecting the level of contamination of surface and underground water resources by agricultural activities were examined. Data of 254 wheat farmers in the plain of Mashhad in Khorasan Razavi province in Iran were used for investigating the effect of some explanatory variables on the level of water pollution utilizing Ordered Logit Regression Model. The results show that main activity of farmers, years of experience, the level of education, awareness of organic farming, level of income, price of fertilizers and irrigation method have significant effect on the amount of fertilizers utilized by farmers and hence the level of water resources pollution. Efforts for decreasing pollution of water resources require strategies such as changing the main activity of farmers, increase the cost of using chemical fertilizers, create economic incentives for organic farming, and increase general information and knowledge of farmers.

Profitability of the food industry in Poland – an ordered logit model approac

The article addresses the problem of fi nancial determinants of return on equity (ROE) in the food industry in Poland. The analysis was conducted on the basis of the decomposition of the rate of return on sales and in conjunction with the system of indicators linking the return on sales to return on assets and equity. In addition, in order to identify the signi fi cance of individual components of the ROE system, ordered logit regression models were estimated. The proposed in the paper system of decomposition of the return on equity has allowed a multidimensional analysis of pro fi tability determinants. Its implementation in the food industry sectors, using the logit regression models of ordered categories, has proven that the reasons for different ROE in the food industry sectors should be primarily sought in the ability to create value added, labour costs, rational management of fi nancial expenses, ef fi cient use of assets as well as in more aggressive shaping the capital structure, determining the level of fi nancial leverage. In conclusion, the applied in the paper ordered logit model of the return on equity has proven to be a very good tool to assess the signi fi cance of the factors affecting the level of ROE rates in the food industry sectors. In addition, the proposed model apart from its applicability also possesses a practical value. It allows predicting probable scenarios of transition from a very low level of the return on equity to more favourable fi nancial results measured with this pro fi tability category.

Relationship between depression, self-care behaviors, and treatment success among older Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes

Objective Comorbid depression among patients with diabetes is associated with an increased disease burden, healthcare utilization and adverse outcomes. However, little is known about how comorbid depression in older adults with diabetes affects diabetes treatment success. This study investigates the association between comorbid depression, diabetes-related self-care behaviors and blood glucose control among older Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes. Methods This pooled cross-sectional study used the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) data for years 2006, 2008 and 2010. Depression was categorized into mild/episodic and moderate/severe. We defined levels of treatment success based on gradients of blood glucose control: all the time to little/none of the time. We used ordered-logit regression models for analyses. Key findings Among the study population of older Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes (n = 2418), 6.2% had episodic/mild depression and 7.9% had moderate/severe depression. Low frequency of performing self-check for blood glucose or sores on feet was not associated with either mild/episodic depression (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.33)/(OR = 0.98; CI, 0.69 to 1.39) or moderate/severe depression (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.66)/(OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.4) respectively. Patients with mild/episodic depression were more likely to reach blood glucose control little/none of the time, as compared to those with no comorbid depression (OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.26). Conclusions Comorbid mild/episodic depression is associated with low treatment success among older Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes; however, neither levels of comorbid depression are associated with regularity in performing self-care behavior.

Inequalities in the distribution of training in Britain

This article examines the inequalities in the distribution of training which exist in Britain. It does so by using a binomial logit regression model to examine training incidence and an ordered logit regression model to examine training intensity. The investigation uses a matched worker–workplace data set with origins in the 2011 Work and Employment Relations Study. Training inequalities are seen to correlate with both the personal characteristics of the individual and the characteristics of the workplace at which he/she is employed, notably age band, pay grade, tenure and the size of the workplace. However, the training premia which have traditionally accrued to males, graduates, those who have permanent contracts of employment and union members appear to be diminishing if not disappearing.

Investor education and trading activity on the stock market

ABSTRACTThis study analyses how investors’ educational characteristics affect their trading activity on the stock market. It uses a unique dataset from the Tallinn Stock Exchange, covering all transactions of a full business cycle from 2004 to 2012, along with a dataset containing the official educational background for all individual investors. Applying an ordered logit regression model and controlling for gender, age, wealth, portfolio diversification and average stock holding period, this study provides empirical evidence that the investors with top results in national exams or the investors holding an academic degree trade stocks more actively. The opposite is true for the investors with no academic degree as they trade stocks less actively. Analysing investors’ risk-adjusted performance reveals that trading experience in the form of trading activity is the contributing factor for higher returns on the stock market.

Economic and Environmental Drivers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Socioeconomically Diverse Adults in Vermont

ABSTRACTFruit and vegetable (FV) consumption has been linked to positive health outcomes. States and municipalities have encouraged participation in the local food system to foster public health and other community benefits. This study examines determinants of fruit and vegetable intake in Vermont through the use of a representative statewide poll. Ordered logit regression models examined the drivers of FV consumption. Buying direct from farmers and perceived impacts on health and the environment significantly increase reported FV consumption likelihood across all participants. Implications focus on messages around the environmental benefits of FV consumption and efforts to increase local food accessibility.

Privatising Water Utilities and User Perception of Tap Water Quality: Evidence from Spanish Urban Water Services

This paper seeks to contribute to the current debate about public versus private management of urban water supply services. The main purpose of urban water supply is to ensure the provision of a sufficient quantity of good quality water to users. This article examines water quality by using a subjective indicator: user satisfaction with tap water quality. The goal of the paper is to determine whether users perceive a difference in tap water quality supplied by public operators on the one hand, and by private-sector operators on the other. Data is sourced from a survey carried out in 64 Spanish cities. A number of different subjective determinants of water quality have been considered: the socio-economic characteristics of those surveyed, objective indicators of water quality, as well as environmental and economic factors of urban water services. Data analysis, using an ordered logit regression model, shows that when urban water services are in the hands of a private company, the quality of the tap water, as perceived by users, deteriorates.

Who buys from farmers’ markets and farm shops: The case of Germany

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors and consumer attitudes toward direct marketing products and sources (outlets) on the frequency of buying food from farmers’ markets and farm shops. By conducting an intercept survey with pedestrians in 2011 and 2012, we interviewed a total of n = 550 consumers. The target regions of the study were the Eastern German federal states. The study uses two ordered logit regression models to investigate consumers’ shopping behaviour at farmers’ markets and farm shops separately. We find that different factors significantly influence consumers’ buying behaviour at the two direct marketing outlets. Specifically, both a more favorable view toward the freshness of directly marketed foods and the intention to support local producers are positively related to consumers’ purchase frequency from farmers’ markets. In contrast, consumers’ purchase frequency from farm shops is significantly influenced by their perception of the cost of the products, confidence in food producers of directly marketed products, perception of the safety of the food and perception of the accessibility of farm shops. The study results indicate that considering consumer behaviour separately for different direct marketing channels for food rather than considering the entire category of local food outlets may provide new and valuable insights.

How does adopting hybrid maize affect dietary diversity on family farms? Micro-evidence from Zambia

Maize dominates as a staple food in Zambia, where the government has for many years promoted hybrid seed use in order to enhance the food self-sufficiency of poor rural families. Despite the policy importance of household nutrition in Zambia, we are not aware of any recent analyses that have related the use of hybrid seed to diets among smallholder maize growers. Previous research has demonstrated a linkage between indices of dietary diversity and healthy diets among women and children. We estimate two-stage, instrumental variables, Poisson, and ordered logit regression models to test the association between hybrid seed use and four indicators of dietary diversity: food group diversity (24-h), vitamin A diversity (7-day), food frequency (7-day), and frequency of consuming foods fortified with vitamin A (7-day). Results are robust to econometric method and indicator: women interviewed in maize-growing households that plant hybrid seed have more diverse diets.

Non‐Standard “Contingent” Employment and Job Satisfaction: A Panel Data Analysis

Contingent forms of employment are usually associated with low‐quality jobs and, by inference, jobs that workers find relatively unsatisfying. This assumption is tested using data from a representative household panel survey covering a country (Australia) with a high incidence of nonstandard employment. Results from the estimation of ordered logit regression models reveal that among males, both casual employees and labor‐hire (agency) workers (but not fixed‐term contract workers) report noticeably lower levels of job satisfaction, though this association diminishes with job tenure. Negative effects for women are mainly restricted to labor‐hire workers.

SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF DROUGHT RISK AND ADOPTION OF MODERN MAIZE IN SOUTHERN MALAWI

SUMMARYModern maize varieties have been bred for drought tolerance and early maturity, to assist farmers in avoiding or escaping the effects of moisture stress in drought-prone areas. This study evaluates the prospects for widespread adoption of these modern maize varieties as a climate change adaptation strategy for smallholder farmers. Data are from a detailed household survey completed in four rural villages in Southern Malawi between May and July 2010. The empirical analysis involves estimation of an ordered logit regression model because the dependent variable is categorical, with one category for nonadoption (has never grown modern maize varieties) and three categories for the duration of growing a modern maize variety among adopters (this year only, 2 to 5 years and 6 years or more). The empirical findings indicate a positive association between a farmer's perception of drought risk and the adoption and continued use of modern maize. Regression results also show that farmers that value the traits of early maturity and drought tolerance are more likely to adopt modern maize varieties. There is evidence of some disadoption among farmers dissatisfied with maize genotype performance, in terms of poor storability and yield under drought conditions. Finally, the study highlights the urgent need for maize breeders interested in sustained use of modern varieties to simultaneously address robust drought tolerance, early maturity and storability. This underscores the importance of cognizance of local farmer preferences in crop breeding efforts.

Hoping for a Godly (White) Family: How Desire for Religious Heritage Affects Whites’ Attitudes Toward Interracial Marriage

This study examines how a desire to pass on religious heritage shapes whites’ attitudes toward interracial marriage for their children. Utilizing national survey data (Baylor Religion Survey 2007), I estimate ordered logit regression models to examine the extent to which whites’ desire to have their children and children's spouses share their religion affects attitudes toward their hypothetical daughters marrying blacks, Latinos, or Asians, net of other factors. Analyses reveal that whites who consider it more important that their children and children's spouses share their religion are less comfortable with their daughters marrying blacks, Latinos, or Asians. These effects are robust to the inclusion of measures for religiosity, political ideology, intimate interracial experiences, and other sociodemographic correlates. These findings suggest that, for whites, religious heritage has a clear ethno‐racial component. The greater their desire for descendants to share the same religious views, the more whites would prefer that these descendants themselves be white, indicating that, for many white Americans, religious heritage is equated with whiteness. I conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for research on religion and interracial families.

Act in Good Faith? The Effectiveness of U.S. Voluntary Environmental Programs

This study identifies the factors and their associated motivations that can influence corporate environmental performance in U.S. voluntary environmental programs (VEPs). The effectiveness of the programs is discussed. We construct an ordered logit regression model to estimate the voluntary environmental performance of 330 firms that participated in the Green Lights/Energy Star for Buildings (GL/ESBs) program between 1995 and 2000. Our analysis suggests that corporate participants with motives that are aligned with market interests are more likely to complete their environmental pledges to a higher level than those whose primary intent is to relieve institutional and regulatory pressures. It also provides strong evidence of corporate opportunism in the program.

Landscape conservation through residential subdivision bylaws: Explanations for local adoption

Subdivision bylaws influence the shape and character of open space within and across communities. Cluster subdivisions and conservation subdivision designs are intended to conserve open spaces and natural resources. Beyond antidotal evidence, however, explanations for why communities choose to adopt bylaws that permit these residential developments are not well understood. The purpose of this research is to identify predictors of subdivision bylaw choice. Data is derived from a survey of planners of cities and towns in the state of Massachusetts, U.S., and an ordered logit regression model is used to identify factors that influence bylaw adoption. The results indicate controversy over residential development increases the adoption of more conservation oriented residential development bylaws. The analysis also provides evidence of the influence planning capacity, local land use characteristics, and population characteristics have on local decisions.

Role models in sports – Can success in professional sports increase the demand for amateur sport participation?

The determinants of the demand for sport participation have been extensively analyzed. This study intends to complement these determinants by examining the question of whether the success of professional athletes can spill over on the demand for amateur sport participation. A theoretical framework of sporting role models was developed and subsequently tested with a stated preference approach and primary data of N=1413 amateur soccer players from Germany. The results show that past success of both the female and the male German national soccer teams had increased the demand for amateur soccer only slightly. However, present (hypothetical) success of the national teams considerably increases the demand for the frequency of soccer participation of already active players. The estimation of ordered logit regression models validates the constructed framework. Availability and relevance of the role models as well as similarity to the role models are the main predictors of their motivational effect.

Non-Standard Contingentt Employment and Job Satisfaction: A Panel Data Analysis

It is widely assumed that contingent forms of employment, such as fixed-term contracts, labour-hire and casual employment, are associated with low quality jobs. This hypothesis is tested using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, a nationally representative household panel survey covering a country with a high incidence of non-standard employment. Ordered logit regression models of job satisfaction are estimated that hold constant all time-invariant individual differences as well as a range of observed time-varying characteristics.The results indicate that, among males, both casual employees and labour-hire workers (but not fixed-term contract workers) report noticeably lower levels of job satisfaction. Restricting the sample to persons aged 20-59 increases the estimated magnitudes of these effects. Negative effects for women are mainly restricted to labour-hire workers. We also show that the relationships between job satisfaction and contract type vary with educational attainment and the length of job tenure. Working hours arrangements also mediate the relationship.

Religion and Whites’ Attitudes Toward Interracial Marriage with African Americans, Asians, and Latinos

Religious factors have been shown to influence whites’ attitudes toward interracial marriage, but this relationship has yet to be studied in depth. This study examines how religious affiliation, beliefs, practices, and congregational composition affect whites’ attitudes toward interracial marriage with African Americans, Asians, and Latinos. Employing data from Wave 2 of the Baylor Religion Survey, I estimate ordered logit regression models to examine the influence of religious factors on whites’ attitudes toward racial exogamy, net of sociodemographic controls. Analyses reveal that, relative to evangelicals, religiously unaffiliated whites report greater support of intermarriage with all minority groups. Biblical literalists are less likely to support interracial marriage to Asians and Latinos. However, whites who frequently engage in devotional religious practices are more likely to support interracial marriage with all racial groups, as are whites who attend multiracial congregations. My findings suggest that the relationship between religion and whites’ attitudes toward racial exogamy is more complex than previously thought and that the influence of religious practices and congregational composition should not be overlooked.