Nature Of Order Research Articles

Hormonal Regulation of the Amount of Sugar in the Blood Converter

Although hormones differ in their place of origin, order of distribution, chemical composition and nature of action, they are united under a very important general biological pattern: they participate in metabolism, morphological differentiation of the organism, growth and development, reproduction and regulation and coordination of its basic functions. The nervous system carries out the connection and influence between different parts of the organism directly through hormones. Hormones are substances of a protein nature or steroids that act in extremely small quantities. Their effect is carried out in 2 ways: through the nervous system and directly through the blood to the organs.

Conservatism, the Far Right, and the Environment

Sociology operates with an impoverished understanding of conservatism and the natural environment. The discipline's focus on antiregulatory and antiscience dimensions of conservative politics can obscure a more comprehensive, historically deep, and theoretically rich understanding of conservatism's connection to nature. We review and integrate sociological research with a large multidisciplinary global literature on conservative and far right environmental thought. Our analysis shows an intellectual tradition built around three commitments concerning the moral order of nature and society: naturalism, organicism, and pastoralism. Rather than being antiscientific, these traditions have drawn heavily on natural science for their authority. After tracing their history, we consider several contemporary manifestations, sometimes in ways that are counterintuitive to sociology's dominant understanding of conservatism. Conservative thought, including its far right edges, maintains a firm hold on global politics while climate change transforms the planet. To better understand these dynamics, sociology must continue to integrate work from other socioenvironmental fields. This review begins to correct this neglect and charts a path for future research at this increasingly impactful intersection.

Shares owned by a limited liability company : grounds and consequences

The object of the study is the legal facts that lead to the emergence of rights to a share in the authorized capital of a limited liability company (hereinafter referred to as the company). The author examines the consequences of the appearance of a share owned by the company. The legislation provides for two types of shares in the authorized capital of the company, which can exist simultaneously. The first type arises as a result of payment by the participant of the authorized capital, which in return for the contributed property receives an indefinite right of participation. It is this right that is hidden behind the share owned by the participant. The second type has a derivative character and arises from the decisions of the supreme governing body or the behavior of the participant and belongs to the company throughout the year. The purpose of the work is to develop and construct new theoretical provisions on the grounds for the emergence and consequences of a share owned by the company. Research objectives: to determine the legal facts of the emergence of rights to a share in the authorized capital of the company, to systematize and classify the grounds for their occurrence and consequences. The following methods were used in conducting a study: permissive regulation, normativism, general contexts of a philosophical and legal nature and national law and order. The science of civil law is closely related to legal regulation, therefore, the doctrinal understanding of some constructions affects the consolidation of certain categories in the rule of law. This is exactly the category of the share owned by the company. It was found that the constructions associated with the transfer or acquisition by the company of rights to a share in its authorized capital are a legal fiction. The grounds for the emergence of a share owned by the company were classified, depending on the will of the latter: the first group consists of bilateral reimbursable transactions, and the second - two unilateral transactions. In both cases, the consequences are the same - the corporate legal relations arising from the right of participation and binding between the company and the participant are terminated. Three options for the sale of the share owned by the company were identified: the division of the former participant's right of participation among the remaining ones, sale to a predetermined buyer and repayment with a simultaneous decrease in the authorized capital and an increase in the size of the participants' shares while maintaining their nominal value.

PARTICIPATORY ECOLOGICAL THEOLOGY

John B. Cobb Jr., a well-known theologian, philosopher, and environmentalist in the United States, has developed his participatory ecological theology from process philosophy to process theology. Some scholars believe it belongs to a distorted form of anthropocentrism, while others suggest it belongs to biocentrism. This study seeks to explore how participatory ecological theology from the perspective of John B. Cobb, Jr. based on a participatory ecological approach to the discourse of environmental ethical methods, especially from a theological perspective. However, through Cobb’s attention to and exploration of environmental crises and interactions with other environmentalists, his ecological theology is shown to be a new form of participatory ecological theology that recognizes the intrinsic value of all existence and affirms the participatory ecological order of nature. He challenges the traditional Christian doctrine of “dominion”. He points to a more responsible concept for humanity, that is, to serve all parts of the natural world as responsible creations, just as serving God.

Hydrodynamics of (1+1) dimensional fluid in the presence of gravitational anomaly from first order thermodynamics

Considering (1+1)-dimensional fluid in presence of gravitational trace anomaly, as an effective description of higher-dimensional fluid, the hydrodynamics is discussed through a first order thermodynamic description. Contrary to the existing approaches which are second order in nature, the fluid velocity is identified through the auxiliary field required to describe the Polyakov action for the effective description of relevant energy-momentum tensor. The thermodynamic and fluid quantities, on a static black hole spacetime, are calculated both near the horizon as well as at the asymptotic infinity. The Unruh vacuum appears to be suitable one for the present analysis, in contrast to Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum which is consistent with second order description. As in anomaly cancellation approach to find the Hawking flux the Unruh vacuum is consistent with the required conditions, in reverse way we interpret this fluid description as an alternative approach to find these required conditions to calculate the same in anomaly cancellation approach.

Computational study of charge transfer iso-surface in first three excited states, electron-hole transition effects, chemical nature and bond order analysis investigations of chrysogine

This work presents the theoretical DFT (Density Functional Theory) studies and the biological application of chrysogine, a marine alkaloid. Energy minimisation and additional DFT evaluations were performed for vacuum and solvent media. It has been observed that solvation with polar solvents has resulted in a slight variation in the molecule’s properties. The Multiwfn software was employed to carry out various topological analyses. Among these, the charge transfer studies show that the second and third excited states are the most significant. From the reactivity analysis, the least energy gap (4.9624 eV) is obtained in water, indicating that chrysogine is most reactive in aqueous media. Theoretical UV studies show that the trends in λmax values correspond to n -->π* and n -->σ* electronic transitions within the molecule. An increase in medium polarity has demonstrated in the MEP (Molecular Electrostatic Potential) maps an increase in the potential range from −6.619 × 10−2 a.u. to 6.619 × 10−2 a.u. in the gas phase, to a sharp rise to −8.036 × 10−2 a.u. to 8.036 × 10−2 a.u. in ethanol, −8.098 × 10−2 a.u. to 8.098 × 10−2 a.u. in methanol, −8.130 × 10−2 a.u. to 8.130 × 10−2 a.u. in DMSO, and −8.127 × 10-2 a.u. to 8.127 × 10−2 a.u. in water. The most significant transition contributing to molecular stability from NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) analysis is: (O2-C9) π* → π* (C7-C8) with the energy of 258.13 kcal mol−1. The ADMET profile for the molecule was assimilated with the help of online servers. The molecule was docked against lung cancer target proteins (PDB ID: 1NTK, 3QFB) using software such as AutoDock Tools and PyMOL. The respective illustrations and data were visualised using Discovery Studio Visualizer. Good binding affinities (−5.69 kcal mol−1 for 1NTK and −6.64 kcal mol−1 for 3QFB proteins) and interactions were achieved with the selected targets.

A multi-criteria decision-making model to determine the optimal share of variable renewable energy sources in a wholesale electricity market

In recent years, the development of renewable energy technologies has gotten increasing attention due to the realization of cleaner production and high energy efficiency. Therefore, the proportion of these resources in electricity production has experienced a dramatic increase. However, with the features of intermittent nature and merit order effects, it is challenging to effectively optimize the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the electricity markets. To deal with the complex problem of selecting the proportionate share of non-dispatchable RES for participation in the market, this paper establishes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework, which combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Five criteria are defined and the corresponding mathematical model is solved by the proposed AHP-SAW method. In this way, the optimal share of renewable resources for participation in the wholesale market can be determined based on the desired criteria. Also, to compare the results obtained by the AHP-SAW method, the criteria weights are determined by Shannon entropy, and the problem is solved by the TOPSIS method. To assert the effectiveness of the proposed framework, two case studies are done. According to the results, by increasing the RES penetration level, the average price of the market decreases mildly while price volatility increases significantly . Also, the amount of forward contracts is decreased when the RES share increases. Moreover, the results show that a high amount of RES is not necessarily desirable and depends on the type of renewable resources and policymakers' priorities. The results for systems 1 and 2 indicate that the maximum allowable amount of RES are 85.359 and 38.24 MW, respectively.

Perceiving Design? Reid's Design Discourse

abstract: Thomas Reid, I argue in this paper, holds that the belief that the works of nature are the effects of an intelligent cause is an instinctive or natural belief that may also be rational. After presenting the details of Reid's design argument, I turn to his account of human perception of the inner states of other human beings. I argue that perceptual beliefs of inner states, and hence beliefs in mental qualities such as intelligence and wisdom, involve natural signs that are both instinctive and rational. Natural signs of this sort include behaviors, artifacts, or facial expressions, which lead to belief in intelligence or design in a mind. These natural instinctive/rational beliefs are of the same kind as those that arise when one considers order in nature, and they receive support both from a general principle about causal inferences, and from the conclusion of a design argument.

The Humanistic Process and Spatial Practice of Chinese Zhenshan 鎮山 Worship

The “Zhenshan” 鎮山 (which means a mountain that guards a certain territory) system is based on the traditional Chinese view of nature, which formed and developed through a long period of Confucian humanistic construction. It is the typical representation of China’s nature-oriented worship space, and it has unique spatial order and spatial significance in the world’s sacred mountain worship. The excavation of the spatial characteristics of Zhenshan worship and its network of humanistic meanings is an important part of research that aims to discover the traditional Chinese values of nature, religious views, and Chinese worship space. Based on the analysis of graphic historical materials and a digital chronicle literature review, this paper quantitatively analyzes the historical information of Zhenshan and summarizes the process of change from the birth of the concept of Zhenshan in the Zhou dynasty to the formation of the sacrificial system in the Han dynasty and its gradual localization after the Tang and Song dynasties with an analysis of its spatial pattern and characteristics of worship. The results show that Zhenshan is one of the typical cultural symbols of the transformation of Chinese mountain worship into the unity of government and religion. And it is a typical product of Confucianism, in which the worship of nature in China is integrated into the political system, and its worship space is rooted in the national, regional, and urban spaces at multiple levels. The Zhenshan system, in the course of its dynamic development, has formed two types of worship space: temple sacrificial and metaphorical constraint, constructing a Chinese worship space based on the order of nature, which is distinctly different from the inward-looking religious space of the West and the sacred mountain worship space formed around the religion of the “supreme god”.

Quantum phases of spin-1/2 extended XY model in transverse magnetic field

In this study, a spin-1/2 extended anisotropic XY chain has been introduced in which both time reversal and SU(2) symmetries are broken but Z 2 symmetry is preserved. Magnetic and topological phase diagrams in the parameter space have been drawn in the presence of transverse magnetic field. Entanglement measures like mutual information and quantum discord are also evaluated and it indicates that these transitions are second order in nature. Quantum phase transition is noted at zero magnetic field, as well as magnetic long range order is found to withstand magnetic field of any strength. Exact analytic results for spin-spin correlation functions have been obtained in terms of Jordan-Wigner fermionization. Existence of long range magnetic order has been investigated numerically by finding correlation functions as well as the Binder cumulant in the ground state. Dispersion relation, ground state energy, and energy gap are obtained analytically. In order to find the topologically nontrivial phase, sign of Pfaffian invariant and value of winding number have been evaluated. Both magnetic and topological phases are robust against the magnetic field and found to move coercively in the parameter space with the variation of its strength. Long range orders along two orthogonal directions and two different topological phases are found and their one-to-one correspondence has been found. Finally casting the spinless fermions onto Majorana fermions, properties of zero energy edge states are studied. Three different kinds of Majorana pairings are noted. In the trivial phase, next-nearest-neighbor Majorana pairing is found, whereas two different types of nearest-neighbor Majorana pairings are identified in the topological superconducting phase.

Fabrication of CoFe2O4/sulphonated graphene oxide antibacterial nanohybrid and evaluation of its enhanced photocatalytic activity, mechanism and pathway of degradation of textile dyes

Sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) supported cobalt ferrite photocatalyst of different compositions were prepared via in-situ co-precipitation method. The nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman, VSM, XPS, UV-DRS and BET. The experimental results showed that nanocomposite having molar compositions Co2+ = 0.05 M, Fe3+ = 0.1 M and SGO = 0.15 g (8 wt%) exhibited excellent photocatalytic and adsorption efficiency in removal of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and methyl red (MR) dyes. The composite effectively degrades textile effluents and the water quality has significantly increased after treating with the catalyst. The dye degradation reactions were carried out under presence and absence of visible light illumination as well as H2O2. Without light irradiation, decolourization of the dyes was observed which suggests the presence of adsorptive behaviour of the prepared catalysts. Kinetic study reveals that the adsorption is pseudo-second order in nature and fits to Langmuir isotherm while photocatalytic degradation follows pseudo-first order kinetics and fits to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Under light illumination, 96.44 %, 98.98 % and 95.06 % of MB, MO and MR was degraded within 30, 40 and 35 min. The effect of pH, catalyst dose, concentration of H2O2, presence of anions, cations and scavengers has been explored. The photocatalyst also shows superior antibacterial property against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains.

Environmental culture in ecologists: keys to their professional training

The article reveals the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the environmental culture of ecologists in the process of preparation for professional activity. An important component of the environmental culture of ecologists is the creation of the desired structure or order in nature and the education of high humanistic life values and guidelines in human life. The components that are important in the formation of the environmental culture of ecologists are singled out. The main functions required by environmental education, which must be taken into account when training ecologists, are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the environmental culture of the individual, the article defines its integrative essence, the content of environmental education, and pedagogical conditions for its successful implementation. Having analyzed the ecological culture of the individual, revealing its integrative essence and the content of environmental education, we conducted an experimental study to confirm the applicability, optimality, and effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical conditions for the formation of the environmental culture of an ecologist. The results of the experimental study confirmed the applicability, optimality, and effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical conditions for the formation of the environmental culture of an ecologist in the process of professional training.

“Contrary to the Order of Nature”

“Contrary to the Order of Nature”

Teaching methods described by Maharishi Dayanand

Indian philosophical ideology is based on moral, religious and spiritual beliefs. All Indian philosophies believe that there is some moral system in the universe which maintains order and control in nature and human society. Indian philosophy has a tendency to look at life from a holistic perspective. In the field of philosophy, epistemology explains the human intellect's knowledge and the means of attaining knowledge. These means are called methods. On this basis, philosophers formulate teaching methods. From the teaching methods created by educational philosophers, we get the knowledge of who should be taught when and how? On the basis of methods, a teacher selects the methods according to those objectives to achieve the teaching objectives.

The Theodicy Challenge and the Intelligibility of the World

This paper revisits one of the most difficult theological issues, namely God’s infinite goodness and the presence of pain and suffering in the natural world. We deepen the understanding of this problem by referring to the philosophical notion of the intelligibility of the world. We argue that pain and suffering are present in biological evolution as a “structural necessity” for the development of more complex structures from simpler ones. The struggle for existence works as a necessary condition for the development of a sophisticated order of nature at the expense of an increase in pain and suffering. If this is so, arguments justifying the ways of a good, omniscient, and omnipotent God in a world where evil and suffering are widespread seem to be undercut. Therefore, we argue that the astonishing intelligibility of nature may help to open our understanding of whatever nature may reveal of itself. This notion—analyzed from ontic and epistemic perspectives—seems to be crucial in reflecting the evolving world, not only from the scientific point of view but also from the theological one.

Systemic alternatives and the Buen Vivir: recognizing confluences

This article aims to contextualize the Buen Vivir in the universe of systemic alternatives under debate in the world and to point out confluences and complementarities between them, through a narrative literature review. To do so, initially, it presents the elements and foundations of the Buen Vivir, built from epistemology and ontology anchored in the "anti-imperial South" and based on the axes of Coloniality - which is opposed to Eurocentrism and racism - of the Rights of Nature - raised to the level of Human Rights - and State Reform - conducted from the emancipatory perspective of social movements and traditional peoples -, and indicates the incidence of these axes in the debate on development. It then demonstrates how the practices instituted by Coloniality organized the planet, structured global power, and constituted the crises we are experiencing - environmental, economic, social, geopolitical, institutional, and civilizational. Finally, it lists and characterizes political and economic movements - degrowth, ecofeminism, Mother Earth's rights, commons, deglobalization, ecosocialism, food sovereignty, solidarity economy, and ubuntu - alternatives to the hegemonic development model, to sensitize those interested in a new world order, inclusive, egalitarian and respectful of human rights and nature, for the necessary articulation and integration of theories and practices contrary to the methods and objectives of extractivism, financism, patriarchy, racism, consumerism, and warmongering

The Stoic Conception of Philosophy as an Art of Living and the Pursuit of Moral Beauty

The Stoics argue that philosophy as an art of living (techne) is not only a theoretical and intellectual pursuit of knowing the rational order and harmony (or logos) of nature/physics/God but it is also a practical activity that aims to transform and shape our lives in accordance with this knowledge. In this sense, the Stoics argue that philosophy is not an abstract subject to be considered but rather a practical matter that has a direct influence on our way of living. Based on this main Stoic conception of philosophy, in this paper, I fundamentally take issue with the general claim about the the Stoic moralism entails that philosophy is solely grounded on the purpose of achieving moral virtue, suggesting that all other elements are excluded from its purview. By arguing that Stoic moralism is not contrasted with the conception of moral beauty, I adopt the view that Stoic moralism is not free from the conception of beauty, such that it encapsulates the idea that beauty is within the virtuous. In light of this, I focus on the conception of philosophy and suggest that, for the Stoics, although the ultimate goal of philosophy is to lead a virtuous life that is grounded on our understanding of the rational order and harmony (or logos) of nature, the philosophical life does also correspond to a moral life, which has the aesthetic aspect of embellishing our lives with beauty, harmony, and order.

Descartes on Immortality and Animals

ABSTRACT For Descartes, our minds are not natural causes because they are not themselves objects; rather, they are the activities that identify objects. In short, they are our challenges to the natural order of things, both in how we adapt to novel situations (as exhibited in what has been called the “rational action test”) and in how we respond in unexpected yet appropriate ways to linguistic cues (in the “language test”). Because these tests reveal ways in which our minds (as “pure,” creative, willful, and immortal substances) introduce novelty into nature, we are not determined (as animals are) by other objects. That is, our rational or linguistic activities are challenges to the order of nature precisely because they are not part of, but rather constitute, nature. Accordingly, “real” (creative) speech is logically prior to finite differentiations and is not limited by laws of nature that constrain animal behavior.

Without Nature

This essay examines two late landscape paintings by Peter Paul Rubens that are characterized by an intense engagement with the wetland in which his property Het Steen was located. On the one hand, the large Rainbow landscape from the Wallace Collection in London offers the chance to inquire about the relevance for Rubens’s landscapes of the Stoic imperative of a ‘life in accord with Nature’. On the other hand, the approximately contemporary Flat landscape with clouds from the Barber Institute of Fine Arts in Birmingham, which powerfully evokes the fragility of landscape painting’s bond with an understanding of Nature as an abstract quantity, makes it possible to illuminate the ecological sensibility with which Rubens approaches terrestrial interconnections even beyond prevailing orders of Nature and their implicit hierarchies. In sum, this paper proposes to sound out fresh perspectives that early modern art history can contribute to recent ecocritical discourses.

From Buffon to Coleridge: Sociability and Humanity in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Comparative Anatomy

This article investigates the redefinition of human and animal sociabilities in the light of comparative anatomy. Linnaeus's classification questioned and redrew the frontiers of humanity, raising new debates on what makes a being human, who or what is entitled to humanity, what corrupts humanity, and why some beings degenerate. Enlightenment anthropology, as a new science accommodating itself to philosophical inquiry, became an ideological battleground on which two representations of man's degeneracy were fought out. Was human depravity the consequences of consumption, luxury, and social needs that increasingly characterised European cultures in the eighteenth century, or was it to be understood as a result of physical degeneration, that is, alienation from the civilised world? The natural man, whether as an imaginary state or embodied in ‘wild' creatures, crystallised the anxiety about degeneration and natural forces acting upon bodies and organisms. To ring-fence humanity and distinguish it from the lower orders of nature, typically human attributes were constructed in comparative anatomy discourses. Reason, language and sociality came to characterise human behaviours while animals were deprived of any ‘social’ faculties. Through analogy, the human social group was often compared to insect communities or animal herds, clusters or shoals, yet these animal or insect assemblages were systematically studied from an anthropocentric perspective. The article weaves seemingly disparate discourses - the writings of the Comte de Buffon, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Lord Monboddo, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, William Lawrence and Samuel Taylor Coleridge - into a dialogue and debate that decisively defined the nature of human and animal sociabilities.