Order Derivative Techniques Research Articles

Method development and validation of aliskiren in tablet formulation by UV spectrophotometric methods

Optical methods through ultraviolet-spectrophotometer were developed and justification was done to validate the method for quantitative determination of aliskiren in its tablet formulation. Wavelengths for different methods were chosen by running selected sample in spectrum mode of the instrument, it was 279 nm; absorbance maxima for zero order technique, 289 nm; peak minima for first order derivative technique and between 269 nm and 289 nm for AUC technique using distilled water as reference. After studying linearity graph, working concentration range selected for method I, method II and method III was in between 25 to 150 µg mL-1. R2 value equal to 0.999 confirmed a better correlation between concentration and absorbance. Percentage purity of aliskiren in tablet formulation was found in between 98.54-100.36 which was very close to label claim. Validation following ICH guidelines was done to justify the results obtained through method I, method II and method III. The percentage of the standard drug recovered in recovery study for all the three techniques were within the limit and were in between 98.61-101.66. The percentage relative standard deviation in precision study was less than 2 for all the techniques. From the observed data it can be said that the developed methods can be utilized for quantitative estimation of aliskiren in tablet formulation. Keywords: Ultraviolet-Spectrophotometer, Optical methods, Aliskiren, Validation, First order derivative, AUC

Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride and Triprolidine Hydrochloride by Second Order Derivative Spectroscopy

A simple, sensitive and reproducible second order derivative UV spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous estimation of mixture of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride in the tablet dosage form. The method utilizes second order derivative technique, which helps to isolate the individual peaks of the mixture drugs and overcome the problem of merging of mixture peaks with each other. For quantification of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride wavelength selected were 244, 276 and 297 nm, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 5-40 μg/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precision were within acceptable range (percentage relative standard deviation 2.27 %). The percentage recovery was within the range between 97.22-99.43 %. The method was also found to be robust and rugged. The method stands validated as per ICH guidelines and hence, can be used for the routine quality control analysis of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride in the tablet dosage form.

Development of New Analytical Method for Estimation of Lansoprazole in Bulk and Tablet dosage forms

The present paper reports a simple, accurate and precise spectroscopic technique for estimation of Lansoprazole by first order derivative technique in tablet dosage form. The spectroscopic method for estimation of Lansoprazole by first order derivative technique was carried out using methyl alcohol as solvent. The absorbance maximum was 275nm. Beers law observed in the range of 30 - 150μg/ml concentration. The recovery studies demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed procedure and the results were established as per ICH guidelines. The technique was used successfully for the estimation of Lansoprazole in bulk and tablet and pure dosage form.

Design and analysis of a new magneto rheological damper for washing machine

In this article, a new magneto rheological (MR) sponge damper is proposed for suppression of vibrations in a washing machine. The article presents design optimization of geometric parameters of MR sponge damper (MRSD) using the finite element analysis (FEA) and first order derivative techniques for a washing machine. The article explains the hysteresis behavior and the relationship of damping force with input current for the proposed MRSD. Moreover, the characteristics of the MRSD such as energy dissipation and equivalent damping coefficient are investigated experimentally in terms of input current and excitation amplitude. The passive dampers installed in washing machine are ineffective in reducing unwanted vibrations at resonant frequencies due to real time unbalanced mass. For this purpose, a test setup is established in order to compare the performance of passive dampers with the proposed MRSDs in a washing machine. It is noticed that MRSDs reduce average vibrations of 75.61 % in a low frequency band, whereas in a high frequency band, the MRSDs lessen average vibrations of 30.57 % in a washing machine. In order to determine the performance of proposed design MRSD, a detailed comparison of the performance parameters, such as total damping force, passive force, maximum average vibrations after suppression by MR dampers, maximum current and power ratings is provided with the existing designs of MR damper for washing machine from the literature.

Investigations on bioanalytical chemistry part V. adsorption voltammetry of adenine

The adsorptive and voltammetric behaviour of adenine on a hanging mercury drop electrode was investigated in 0.1 mol/1 acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.6). The influences of the preconcentration potential and preconcentration time on the peak current as well as the optimum experimental conditions were discussed. The linear relationship between the peak current and the concentration of adenine was tested. To decrease the detection limit, the 1.5th order derivative technique was used a detection limit for adenine of 1.8 × 10 −9 mol/1 was reached when the preconcentration time was only 60 s. This method was applied to determine the adenine content in the hydrolytic product of yeast RNA with satisfactory results.

Fourth Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Lead with 1,10-Phenanthroline and Rose Bengal

Abstract Higher order derivative techniques are mainly used in deconvoluting the overlapping absorption spectra of various analytes in their determination. The procedure utilizing higher order derivatives in molecular absorption spectrophotometry essentially are based on the formation of either binary or ternary complex formation. This paper deals with fourth order derivative spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of traces of lead based on the liquid-liquid extraction of ternary ion association complex lead with 1,10-phenanthroline and rose bengal into chloroform. The ternary ion associate is stable for over 24 hours. The developed procedure is simple, rapid, reliable and allows the determination of as low as 20 ppb of lead in sea water samples.

Determination of ultra-trace vanadium by 1.5th and 2.5th order derivative adsorption voltammetry

On the basis of the adsorptive characteristics of the vanadium(V) complex with 2-(5'-bromo-2'-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) at a mercury electrode in HAc+NaAc (pH = 4.5) and using the 1.5th and 2.5th order derivative technique, a very sensitive 1.5th and 2.5th order derivative adsorption voltammetry for the determination of ultra-trace vanadium is developed. The limit of detection and the linear range of the method are 2.5×10 −11 mol/1 and 5×10 −10-2×10 −7 mol/1, respectively. The method has been applied successfully to the determination of vanadium in samples of tap water. The equations of the 1.5th and 2.5th order derivative of the current with respect to time are discussed and verified experimentally for the V(V)-5-Br-PADAP system.

Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Higher Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt with 1,10-Phenanthroline and Rose BENGAL

Abstract Higher order derivative techniques are mainly used in deconvoluting the overlapping absorption spectra of various analytes in their determination. The procedure utilizing higher order derivatives in molecular absorption spectrophotometry essentially are based on the formation of binary complex viz. metal reacting with a chromogenic reagent. This paper reports a fourth order derivative spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of traces of cobalt based on the liquid-liquid extraction of ternary ion - asociation complex -cobalt, 1, 10-phenanthroline, rose bengal into chloroform. The developed procedure is simple, rapid, reliable and allows the determination of as low as 6 ppb of cobalt in high purity rare earth oxides and salts.