Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Research Articles

Zero order and first Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of pb(II) by Complex with N,N'-cyclohexane-l,2-diylidene-bis (4-methaxybenzoythydrazide) (CHMBH)

In this work, two novel, accurate and reliable spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of pb(II) ion by complexion with the ligand N,N'-cyclohexane-l,2-diylidene-bis(4-methaxybenzoythydrazide (CHMBH). In this study, pb(II) ion was determined by the application of Zero order and first Derivative Spectrophotometric by measuring the amplitude at 258 nm, The linearity ranges for both methods were found to be 20–55 mg/l, Limit of Detection and Quantitation were found to be 0.33 mg/l and 1 mg/l for zero order and 1.438 mg/l and 4.360 mg/l for first derivative method respectively. Both methods have good accuracy found to be 99.594% and 100.497% respectively.

Second order Derivative Spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II) using 3,4-DihydroxyBenzaldehydeTiosemicarbazone(DHBTSC) in presence of micelle medium

Second order Derivative Spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II) using 3,4-DihydroxyBenzaldehydeTiosemicarbazone(DHBTSC) in presence of micelle medium

Simultaneous Estimation of Solifenacin Succinate and Tamsulosin Hydrochloride in Combined Dosage Form by Using First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method

Using first-order derivative techniques, a simple accurate and precise Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of solifenacin succinate and tamsulosin hydrochloride in combined dosage form. Every solifinacin succinate and tamsulosin hydrochloride was scanned in the wavelength region of 200-400 nm for determination of sampling wavelengths and selected sampling wavelengths were selected. Sampling wavelengths were chosen at 265 nm (zero crossing of solifinacin succinate) where the absorbance of tamsulosin hydrochloride was important and at 250 nm (zero crossing of tamsulosin hydrochloride) where the absorbance of solifinacin succinate was significant. For solifenacin succinate, linearity ranged from 10 to 100 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 2 to 10 μg/ml for the correlation coefficient of tamsulosin hydrochloride is 0.9988. The median recovery was considered to be satisfactory. For the routine study of solifenacin succinate and tamsulosin hydrochloride in combined dosage forms, the approach proposed can be applied.

Dual Wavelength and First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Rivaroxaban and Aspirin in Synthetic Mixture

Two simple, sensitive, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of binary mixture of Rivaroxaban and Aspirin in their pure form and synthetic mixture in difficult ratio 1:20(Rivaroxaban: Aspirin). The first method is the dual wavelength method, where 250 nm and 286.44 nm were selected as λ1 and λ2 for determination. And the two wave length for determination of Aspirin were 243.53 nm and 259.2 nm. The linearity range was studied over concentration ranges (2 – 12) μg/mL and (40-240) μg/mL for Rivaroxaban and Aspirin respectively in both methods, with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9996 and up to 0.9999 respectively in a row. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.24μg/mL and 0.82 μg/mL for Rivaroxaban and for Aspirin were7.03 μg/mL and 22.01 μg/mL respectively in the first method. The second method is First order derivative. The wavelengths 275.25 nm and 250 nm were selected as zero crossing point to determine Rivaroxaban and Aspirin in a row. The LOD and LOQ were 0.31 μg/mL and 0.95 μg/mL for Rivaroxaban; and for Aspirin was found to be7.13 μg/Ml and 21.60μg/mL respectively. The two methods were successfully validated as per ICH guidelines. Both methods were simple, sensitive and rapid.

Simultaneous Determination of Ramipril and Amlodipine Besylate in Tablet Dosage form by First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method

The aim of present study was to develop a simple, precise, accurate and reproducible spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of ramipril and amlodipine besylate by UV-visible spectrophotometer using the first order derivative method. According to our present knowledge, no first order derivative method was reported so far. Thus, in present study it was decided to carry out first order derivative method and it was validated in compliance with ICH (Q2 R1) guideline. Ramipril and amlodipine besylate showed absorbance at the working wavelength of 211.87 nm (zero crossing point of amlodipine besylate) and 254.34 nm (zero crossing point of ramipril) respectively using distilled water as a diluent. Linearity was established over the concentration range of 2-25 μg/mL and 2-50 μg/mL for ramipril and amlodipine besylate with correlation coefficient 0.999 and 0.998 respectively. Accuracy was obtained between 99.91-101.06% and 99.66-100.66% for ramipril and amlodipine besylate respectively. LOD were found to be 0.078 μg/mL and 0.059 μg/mL and LOQ were 0.239 μg/mL and 0.178 μg/mL for ramipril and amlodipine besylate respectively. The results revealed that the developed method is suitable for the routine analysis of determining of ramipril and amlodipine besylate in a tablet dosage form.

Development and Validation of First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Assay of Prucalopride Succinate

Development and Validation of First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Assay of Prucalopride Succinate

Analytical Method Development and Validation of First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Telmisartan and Metformin Hydrochloride in their Combined Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Ultra Violet (UV) Sectrophotomertic method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and metformin hydrochloride in bulk drug in their combined dosage form by first-order derivative. This method developed by using Methanol: Water (50: 50 v/v). Linearity was found near to 1, for telmisartan and Metformin hydrochloride. For Intraday, Interday, Intermediate precision, Robustness, %RSD was found less than 2. % Recovery was found to be between ranges 98-106% for both the drugs. These results indicate that the method is accurate, precise, and simple. All validation Parameter results comply with ICH guidelines.

Simultaneous Determination Of U(Vi) and Pd (Ii) Using 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone By Second Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Technique

Uranium is hexavalent and palladium is divalent transition metals. Uranium is a highly reactive metal, especially at elevated temperatures...

First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for the Quantification of Telmisartan employing Multivariate Calibration Technique

The current study targets on the development of UV spectrophotometric method in first derivative mode for Telmisartan in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation employing multivariate calibration technique. Multivariate calibration technique exploits the linear regression equations by associating the connection between concentration and amplitude at five different wavelengths. This improves the correlation and minimizes the instrumental fluctuations. Telmisartan showed maximum amplitude at 237 nm in alkali as solvent with linearity from 5 - 15 µg/mL. The outcomes were dealt statistically. The created strategy was approved according to ICH guidelines and was observed to be linear, precise, accurate and simple.

Development and Validation of First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Rutin Trihydrate and Trigonelline Hydrochloride in Antidiabetic Herbal Formulation

Development and Validation of First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Rutin Trihydrate and Trigonelline Hydrochloride in Antidiabetic Herbal Formulation

Area under Curve and First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method and Development and Validation of Adenosine in Bulk drug

Area under Curve and First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method and Development and Validation of Adenosine in Bulk drug

Zero Order and First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Clonazepam in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Zero Order and First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Clonazepam in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Photocatalytic Treatment of Binary Mixture of Dyes using UV/TiO2 Process: Calibration, Modeling, Optimization and Mineralization Study

Abstract Photocatalytic treatment of a binary dye mixture (Acid Blue 113 (AB113) and Acid Red 114 (AR114)) has been done in a slurry pond reactor using TiO2 as a photocatalyst with UV light irradiation (UV-C). Two different methods, namely multivariate calibration and first order derivative spectrophotometric were used to quantify each dye separately in binary dye solutions. The behavior of the photocatalytic degradation of a binary dye mixture was predicted using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Five process parameters (initial concentration of AB113 dye, initial concentration of AR114 dye, TiO2 dose, initial pH of the dye mixture and time were used as inputs and decolorization efficiency of AB113 and AR114 were used as output of the ANN. The parametric optimization has been done by the multi-response optimization with desirability function methodology. Optimization by Central Composite Design (CCD) effectively handles the relations among optimizing process variables and its prediction concurred well with the experimental run and artificial neural network (ANN) model. The reaction kinetic rates of decolorization of both dyes (AB113 and AR114) were found to be first order. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal and possible reaction pathway show the total mineralization of both dyes in binary dye mixture.

Validated First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Lansoprazole and Aspirin in Tablet Dosage Forms

The present work was aimed at method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of Lansoprazole and Aspirin by UV-Spectrophotometric method in pharmaceutical dosage form. In UV method Methanol as solvent and λmax of Lansoprazole and Aspirin were found to be 232nm and 222nm respectively. Concentration ranges were found to be 4–20μg/mL for both drugs. The R2 values were found to be 0.996 and 0.999 for Lansoprazole and Aspirin respectively. The method was validated statistically and by recovery studies. Percentage Assay and Recovery were found to be 95–105% for Lansoprazole and Aspirin. LOD and LOQ ranges were found to be 0.177 and 0.539μg/mL and 0.298 and 0.903μg/mL for Lansoprazole and Aspirin repectively. This method was validated using ICH guidelines.

UV-Visible First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide in Tablet Dosage Form

UV-Visible First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide in Tablet Dosage Form

Simultaneous Fourth Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt, Nickel and Copper Using Anthrone Phenylhydrazone (APH)

The reagent anthrone phenylhydrazone (APH) is used for the simultaneous determination of Co(II), Ni(II) & Cu(II) by fourth order derivative spectrophotometric method. The reagent APH gives light yellow colour with Co(II), Ni(II) & Cu(II) solution in basic medium. The maximum peaks were observed between 426.3-625 nm for Co(II), Ni(II) & Cu(II) in basic buffer solution of pH 10. The molar absorptivity and Sandells sensitivity of Co(II), Ni(II) & Cu(II)-APH complexes are computed, the molar absorptivity are 1.5 x10 4 L/mol/cm, 2.0 x10 4 L/mol/cm and 2.163 x10 4 L/mol/cm respectively. The Sandells sensitivity are 0.0066 µg/cm 2 , 0.005 µg/cm 2 and 0.0026 µg/cm 2 respectively. The stability constant of Co(II), Ni(II) & Cu(II)-APH complexes are 1.530 x10 5 , 2.486 x10 4 and 2.96 x10 4 respectively. The effect of various concentrations of Co(II), Ni(II) & Cu(II) ions on amplitude also studied. The samples of grape leaves, sesame, laver, mung bean and alloy samples were analyzed by the proposed method. The results of the food samples and alloy samples are good agreement with the results of APARI, AAS methods.

First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Thorium in Geological Samples Using Diacetylmonoxime p-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone

A simple, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of thorium using a newly synthesised reagent diacetylmonoximep-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone (DMPHBH) in the presence of Triton X-100. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the coloured species at pH 4.4 were found to be 4.20 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 5.5 ng cm-2, respectively. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range 0.35 -3.8 mg mL-1 of thorium(IV) at 410 nm. The stoichiometry of the complex was found to be 1:2 (Th(IV): DMPHBH). A highly selective first order derivative spectrophotometric method for the determination of thorium in the presence of uranium is also reported. The detection limit and quantitation limit of first order derivative spectrophotometry were found to be 0.03 and 0.11 mg mL-1, respectively. The developed procedure has been successfully applied for the trace level determination of thorium in rock samples and synthetic mixtures.

Simultaneous Second Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination Of Gallium (III) and Aluminium(III) using Diacetylmonoxime IsonicotinoylHydrazone

Diacetylmonoxime Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone is new chromogenic reagent for the simultaneous determination of Gallium (III) and Aluminium(III). The reagent gives greenish yellow color in sodium acetate- acetic acid buffer medium with the metal ions. The maximum absorbance at 377 and 367 nm for Ga(III) and Al(III) respectively. The molar absorptivities of Al(III) and Ga(III) are 2.69 x 10 4 and 3.17 x 10 4 L.mol -1 .cm -1 , sandell's and sensitivities of Al(III) and Ga(III) are 0.00745 and 0.002002 µg.cm -2 respectively. A few methods are available for simultaneous determination of Ga(III) and Al(III) by derivative spectrophotometric technique. Trace quantities of Ga(III) and Al(III) simultaneously determined in alloys and biological samples.

Simultaneous Determination of Tramadol and Ibuprofen in Pharmaceutical Preparations by First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric and LC Methods

The simultaneous determination of tramadol (Trama) and ibuprofen (Ibu) in solid dosage forms were done by two methods. The first involved determination using the first order derivative spectrophotometric technique at 230.5 and 280 nm over the concentration ranges of 5–50 and 5–100 μg mL−1 with mean accuracies 99.84 and 99.98%, respectively. The second method was reversed-phase liquid chromatography using chlorzoxazone (Cxz) as an internal standard. Analysis was carried out using acetonirile—0.1% acetic acid (60 + 40, v/v) as the mobile phase with detection at 272 nm for Trama, Cxz and at 230 nm for Ibu with flow rates of 1 mL min−1 and 1.3 mL min−1, respectively. The retention times for Trama, Cxz and Ibu were 2.14, 4.10 and 9.04, respectivly. The mean recovery of Trama and Ibu was 99.91 and 99.92%. Due to its simplicity, rapidness, high precision and accuracy, the proposed methods can be used for the estimation of tramadol and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations.

Selective Second Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Gallium(III) in Presence of Large Excess of Indium(III)

A simple, sensitive, and selective second order derivative spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of microgram quantities of gallium(III) especially in presence of large excess of indium(III). Ga(III) reacts with 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy benzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone (HMBAINH) chromogene forming an intense greenish yellow coloured soluble complex in acidic buffers and in presence of 0.2% of triton X‐100. The complex showed maximum absorption at 405 nm and at pH 5.0, where the reagent has negligible absorbance. A second order derivative spectrum of the complex solution showed maximum derivative amplitude at 415 nm and again at 460 nm with a zero cross at 442 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.036–1.533 µg/ml and 0.070–1.533 µg/ml of Ga(III) at 415 nm and 460 nm, respectively. However, at 404 nm In(III)‐HMBAINH complex showed zero amplitude in the second order derivative spectrum where Ga(III)‐HMBAINH obeyed Beer's law in the range of 0.070–1.394 µg/ml. This allows determination of Ga(III) in presence of large excess of In(III) by second order derivative spectrophotometry. The tolerance limits of other diverse ions and other analytical parameters were also evaluated. The method was applied for the determination of gallium in some synthetic mixtures containing indium.