Orbital Mass Research Articles

Peripheral Orbital Schwannoma : A Case Report

Introduction : The aim of this study was to report a rare case of a peripheral orbital nerve schwannoma. One of a thinkable diagnose and the goal of treatment.
 Case Illustration : A 17-years-old young lady with chief complaint was inferior eyelid lesion since 1 year and has gradually enlarged. Examination showed a space occupying lesion in the inferior right orbit around 10x5 mm that was firm to palpation, didn’t attach to the deep planes, painless, and did not displaced the eye. Computed tomography revealed a homogenous orbital mass, encapsulated, and did not invade adjacent structures
 Discussion : Lesion was treated with complete tumour resection via conjunctival / posterior site, and pathologic examination showed a schwannoma.Conclusion : Orbital schwannoma are infrequent tumours arising from the orbit coming behind inflammatory, vascular, and lymphoproliferative diseases. Treatment is complete resection of the lesion with subsequent monitoring to prevent recurrence.

Identification of novel serum metabolic signatures to predict chronic kidney disease among Chinese elders using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern. However, validated and broadly applicable biomarkers for early CKD diagnosis are currently not available. We aimed to identify serum metabolic signatures at an early stage of CKD to provide a reference for future investigations into the early diagnostic biomarkers. MethodsSerum metabolites were extracted from 65 renal dysfunction (RD) patients and 121 healthy controls (discovery cohort: 12 RD patients and 55 health participants; validation cohort: 53 RD patients and 66 health participants). Metabolite extracts were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-Orbitrap MS) for untargeted metabolomics. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed to detect different compounds between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to determine the diagnostic value of the validated differential metabolites between groups. We referred to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) to elucidate the metabolic pathways of the validated differential metabolites. ResultsA total of 22 and 23 metabolites had significantly different abundances in the discovery and validation cohort, respectively. Six of them (creatinine, L-proline, citrulline, butyrylcarnitine, 1-methylhistidine, and valerylcarnitine) in the RD group was more abundant than that of the health group in both cohorts. The combination of the six validated differential metabolites were able to accurately detect RD (AUC 0.86). Three of the six metabolites are involved in the metabolism of arginine and proline. ConclusionsThe present study highlights that creatinine, L-proline, citrulline, butyrylcarnitine, 1-methylhistidine, and valerylcarnitine are metabolite indicators with potential predictive value for CKD.

Direct N-body Simulations of Satellite Formation around Small Asteroids: Insights from DART’s Encounter with the Didymos System

We explore binary asteroid formation by spin-up and rotational disruption considering the NASA DART mission's encounter with the Didymos–Dimorphos binary, which was the first small binary visited by a spacecraft. Using a suite of N-body simulations, we follow the gravitational accumulation of a satellite from meter-sized particles following a mass-shedding event from a rapidly rotating primary. The satellite’s formation is chaotic, as it undergoes a series of collisions, mergers, and close gravitational encounters with other moonlets, leading to a wide range of outcomes in terms of the satellite's mass, shape, orbit, and rotation state. We find that a Dimorphos-like satellite can form rapidly, in a matter of days, following a realistic mass-shedding event in which only ∼2%–3% of the primary's mass is shed. Satellites can form in synchronous rotation due to their formation near the Roche limit. There is a strong preference for forming prolate (elongated) satellites, although some simulations result in oblate spheroids like Dimorphos. The distribution of simulated secondary shapes is broadly consistent with other binary systems measured through radar or lightcurves. Unless Dimorphos's shape is an outlier, and considering the observational bias against lightcurve-based determination of secondary elongations for oblate bodies, we suggest there could be a significant population of oblate secondaries. If these satellites initially form with elongated shapes, a yet-unidentified pathway is needed to explain how they become oblate. Finally, we show that this chaotic formation pathway occasionally forms asteroid pairs and stable triples, including coorbital satellites and satellites in mean-motion resonances.

Diffuse Light in Milky Way–like Haloes

We investigate the diffuse light (DL) content of dark matter haloes in the mass range 11.5≤logMhalo≤13 , a range that also includes the dark matter halo of the Milky Way, taking advantage of a state-of-the-art semianalytic model run on the merger trees extracted from a set of high-resolution cosmological simulations. The fraction of DL in such relatively small haloes is found to progressively decrease from the high- to the low-mass end, in good agreement with analytic and numerical results from simulations, and in good agreement also with the fraction of the DL observed in the Milky Way and M31. Haloes with different masses have different efficiencies in producing DL: logMhalo≃13 is found to be the characteristic halo mass where the production of DL is the most efficient, while the overall efficiency decreases at both larger and smaller scales (this work). The DL content in this range of halo mass is the result of stellar stripping due to tidal interaction between satellites and their hosts (95%) and mergers between satellites and the central galaxy (5%), with preprocessed material, a subchannel of mergers and stripping, and so already included in the 100%, that contributes no more than 8% on average. The halo concentration is the main driver of the DL formation: more concentrated haloes have higher DL fractions that come from the stripping of more massive satellites in the high-halo-mass end, while dwarfs contribute mostly in the low-halo-mass end.

Primary extragonadal yolk sac tumor of the orbit: A rare case and review of literature

Germ cell tumors usually arise from primordial cells in gonads, mainly testes, and ovaries. Extragonadal involvement of orbit is very unusual. We report one case of primary yolk sac tumor of orbit in a 3-year-old male child presented as a left lateral orbital mass. Its clinical presentation may mimic many common pediatric orbital tumors causing misdiagnosis which affects ocular morbidity and mortality. Awareness about this rare entity to clinicians is helpful in the early diagnosis and proper management of young kids.

Exposure Level and Risk Impact Assessment of Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Aquaculture Environment

To explore the exposure level of pesticides and veterinary drugs in an aquaculture environment and its impact on the ecological environment, this study took the aquaculture environment in Shanghai as an example, and samples of water, sediment, and inputs from 40 major aquaculture farms were collected from July to September 2022. The types and contents of pesticides and veterinary drugs were screened using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbital ion trap mass spectrometry, and the risk quotient (RQ) method was used to assess the ecological risk of pesticide contamination in water and sediment. The results showed that 13 drugs were screened out from 204 samples (72 samples of water, 72 samples of mud, and 60 samples of input), namely, chlorpromazine, carbendazim, thiophanate, diazepam, florfenicol, simazine, amantidine, diazepam, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, mebendazole, and enrofloxacin. Among them, 12 species were found in water samples with concentrations ranging from 0.016 μg·L-1 to 2.084 μg·L-1. The concentrations of seven species in the mud samples ranged from 0.018 μg·kg-1 to 23.101 μg·kg-1. The results showed that there were four types of inputs, ranging from 1.979 μg·kg-1 to 101.940 μg·kg-1. Seven drugs were found in both water and sediment. The risk quotient (RQ) results showed that there were some high and middle risks in both water and sediment samples of aquaculture farms, and the ecological risks of carbendazim were the highest in both water and sediment samples of aquaculture farms; the RQ values were 3.848 and 1.580, respectively, indicating high risk. It is suggested to strengthen the control and management of exogenous pesticides and veterinary drugs in aquaculture environments to protect the ecosystem health of the aquaculture environment.

Robust Precoding for Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Integrated Communication and Localization Systems

Robust Precoding for Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Integrated Communication and Localization Systems

The Potential Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Mechanisms of ATO and ATRA in Treatment of FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations has a poor prognosis. The combination of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has a synergistic killing effect on leukemia cells with FLT3-ITD mutation. However, the mechanism, especially the changes of gene expression and metabolic activity remain unclear. Here we explore the transcriptome and metabolomics changes of FLT3-ITD AML cells treated with ATO/ATRA. RNA-seq was used to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs), and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) nontargeted metabolomics method was used to screen out the differential metabolites in FLT3-ITD mutant cell lines treated with ATRA and ATO. KEGG pathway database was utilized for pathway exploration and Seahorse XF24 was used to detect extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Metabolic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect mRNA levels of key metabolic genes of glycolysis and fatty acid after drug treatment. A total of 3873 DEGs were identified and enriched in 281 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, among which 210 were related to biological processes, 43 were related to cellular components, and 28 were related to molecular functions. Besides, 1794 and 927 differential metabolites were screened in positive and negative ion mode separately, and 59 different metabolic pathways were involved, including alanine-aspartate-glutamate metabolic pathway, arginine, and proline metabolic pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways, etc. According to KEGG Pathway analysis of transcriptome combined with metabolome, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and fatty acid metabolism pathway were significantly founded enriched. ATRA + ATO may inhibit the glycolysis of FLT3-ITD AML cells by inhibiting FLT3 and its downstream AKT/HK2-VDAC1 signaling pathway. The gene transcription profile and metabolites of FLT3-ITD mutant cells changes significantly after treatment, which might be related to the anti-FLT3-ITD AML effect. The screened DEGs, differential metabolites pathway are helpful in studying the mechanism of anti-leukemia effects and drug targets.

Forming merging double compact objects with stable mass transfer

Context. Merging double compact objects (COs) are one of the possible endpoints of the evolution of stellar binary systems. As they represent the inferred sources of every detected gravitational wave (GW) signal, modeling their progenitors is of paramount importance both to gain a better understanding of gravitational physics and to constrain stellar evolution theory. Aims. Stable mass transfer (MT) between a donor star and a black hole (BH) is one of the proposed tightening mechanisms to form binary BHs that merge within the lifetime of the universe. We aim to assess the potential of stable non-conservative MT to produce different pairings of compact objects including BHs, neutron stars (NSs) and white dwarfs (WDs). Methods. We investigated the conditions (orbital periods and mass ratios) required for MT between a star and a CO to be stable and to lead to binary COs that merge within a Hubble time. We use published results on the response of the stellar radii to rapid mass loss, covering different evolutionary stages and masses. Coupled with analytical models of orbital evolution, we determined the boundary for unstable MT as well as the post-interaction properties of binaries undergoing stable MT. In addition, we investigated the impact of the angular momentum loss prescription in the resulting hardening by accounting for both the isotropic re-emission from the accretor’s vicinity and mass outflow from the second Lagrangian point. Results. Stable MT in systems with a CO + Roche lobe-filling star, in the completely non-conservative limit of isotropic re-emission from the vicinity of the accretor, is shown to be able to form any pair of merging double COs, with the exception of WD + BH and with a limited parameter space for NS + NS. Considering the possibility of mass outflow from the Lagrangian point L2, the resulting parameter space for GW progenitors is shifted toward smaller initial mass ratios (defined as the ratio of the donor mass over the CO mass), consequently ruling out the formation of NS + NS pairs while allowing the production of merging WD + BH binaries. We compare our results with observations of single-degenerate binaries and find that the conditions for the stable MT channel to operate are present in nature. We then show that stable MT in the isotropic re-emission channel can produce merging binary BHs with mass ratios > 0.1, consistent with the majority of inferred sources of the third gravitational wave transient catalogue. Enhanced angular momentum loss from L2 increases the minimum final mass ratio achievable by stable MT.

Optimizing Spacecraft Lifespan: Balancing Mass and Propellant Fraction

Over the decades, scholars and data scientists have extensively explored the correlation between satellite mass and its impact on satellite reliability—an essential consideration for satellite manufacturers and space agencies. Initially, a conceptual notion, a group of statisticians has now rigorously defined the reliability parameter of spacecraft across different mass categories, utilizing a survival analysis algorithm pioneered by Kaplan & Meier in 1958. J.H Saleh's analysis reveals that spacecraft in the medium-range category (with mass ranging from approximately 500-1000 kilograms) exhibits maximum reliability and a longer lifespan. This statistical model has provided a foundation for the next generation of data scientists to redefine satellite reliability models. Examining mass parameters such as spacecraft dry mass, propellant mass, and payload mass, the role of propellant mass emerges as crucial in determining spacecraft survival in various planetary orbits. Propellant facilitates trajectory raising maneuvers, course corrections, and orbital stabilization (e.g., ESA’s Cassini's final plunge due to propellant exhaustion). Therefore, integrating a larger propellant tank into a relatively small spacecraft may not extend its lifespan; in fact, it could lead to spacecraft destabilization. Maintaining an optimal propellant and spacecraft mass ratio becomes paramount for effective operations. Addressing this, an innovative mathematical and statistical model has been introduced and validated, defining a propellant mass fraction limit of 0.2 to 0.6 as optimal for longer survivability. In conclusion, the various masses of a spacecraft significantly impact its lifespan and reliability. Satellite manufacturers must carefully consider mass and mass fraction parameters during the design and validation phases to ensure the spacecraft's optimal performance before deploying it into any interplanetary orbit. This consideration remains a critical task, especially as recovering a spacecraft beyond low-earth orbit poses significant challenges

RR Lyrae from binary evolution: abundant, young, and metal-rich

ABSTRACT RR Lyrae are a well-known class of pulsating horizontal branch stars widely used as tracers of old, metal-poor stellar populations. However, mounting observational evidence shows that a significant fraction of these stars may be young and metal-rich. Here, through detailed binary stellar evolution modelling, we show that all such metal-rich RR Lyrae can be naturally produced through binary interactions. Binary companions of these RR Lyrae stars formed through binary interactions partly strip their progenitor’s envelopes during a preceding red giant phase. As a result, stripped horizontal branch stars become bluer than their isolated stellar evolution counterparts and thus end up in the instability strip. In contrast, in the single evolution scenario, the stars can attain such colours only at large age and low metallicity. While binary-made RR Lyrae can possess any ages and metallicities, their Galactic population is relatively young (1 – $9\, {\rm Gyr}$) and dominated by the thin disc and the bulge. We show that Galactic RR Lyrae from binary evolution are produced at rates compatible with the observed metal-rich population and have consistent G-band magnitudes, Galactic kinematics, and pulsation properties. Furthermore, these systems dominate the RR Lyrae population in the solar neighbourhood. We predict that all metal-rich RR Lyrae have an A, F, G, or K-type companion with a long orbital period ($P \gtrsim 1000\, {\rm d}$). Observationally characterizing the orbital periods and masses of such stellar companions will provide valuable new constraints on mass and angular momentum-loss efficiency for Sun-like accretors and the nature of RR Lyrae populations.

The California Legacy Survey. IV. Lonely, Poor, and Eccentric: A Comparison between Solitary and Neighborly Gas Giants

We compare systems with single giant planets to systems with multiple giant planets using a catalog of planets from a high-precision radial velocity survey of FGKM stars. Our comparison focuses on orbital properties, planet masses, and host-star properties. We use hierarchical methods to model the orbital eccentricity distributions of giant singles and giant multiples, and find that the distributions are distinct. The multiple giant planets typically have moderate eccentricities and their eccentricity distribution extends to e = 0.47 (90th percentile), while the single giant planets have a pileup of nearly circular orbits and a long tail that extends to e = 0.77. We determine that the stellar hosts of multiple giants are distinctly more metal rich than the hosts of solitary giants, with respective mean metallicities of 0.228 ± 0.027 versus 0.129 ± 0.019 dex. We measure the distinct occurrence distributions of single and multiple giants with respect to orbital separation, and find that single gas giants have a ∼2.3σ significant hot Jupiter (a < 0.06) pileup not seen among multigiant systems. We find that the median mass () of giants in multiples is nearly double that of single giants (1.71 M J versus 0.92 M J). We find that giant planets in the same system have correlated masses, analogous to the “peas in a pod” effect seen among less-massive planets.

Mock Observations: Formation and Evolution of Diffuse Light in Galaxy Groups and Clusters in the IllustrisTNG Simulations

In this paper, by analyzing mock images from the IllustrisTNG100-1 simulation, we examine the properties of diffuse light and compare them to those of central and satellite galaxies. Our findings suggest that the majority of the diffuse light originates from satellites. This claim is supported by the similarity between the age and metallicity distributions of the diffuse light and those of the satellites. Notably, the color distribution of the diffuse light gradually evolves to resemble that of the centrals at lower redshifts, suggesting a coevolution or passive process. The radial profiles of the diffuse light reveal distinct trends, with the inner regions displaying a relatively flat distribution and the outer regions showing a descending pattern. This finding suggests that the formation of the diffuse light is influenced by both major mergers and stellar tidal stripping. Moreover, strong correlations are found between the stellar mass of the diffuse light and the overall stellar mass of the satellites, as well as between the stellar mass of the diffuse light and the number of satellites within groups or clusters. These relationships can be described by power-law and logarithmic functions. Overall, the diffuse light components predominantly originate from satellites with intermediate ages and metallicities. These satellites typically fall within the stellar mass range and the color range −1 < [g − r]0.1 < 0. As the redshift decreases, the growth of the diffuse light is primarily influenced by the redder satellites, while the most massive and reddest satellites have minimal roles in its growth.

Methodology for obtaining the relative orbit and individual masses of Gaia astrometric binaries

The recent Gaia Data Release 3 has revealed a catalogue of more than eight hundred thousand binary systems. The release provides orbital solutions for half of the systems, with the majority of them being unresolved astrometric binaries. However, some astrophysical parameters are still unknown for most of them, such as the spectral type and the mass of each companion, since they can only be derived from the relative orbit and spectroscopic data. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology that would allow us to obtain those fundamental stellar parameters, along with those related to the geometry and the ephemeris of the system, to find out whether it can be optically resolved. To obtain precise values for each component, we proposed an analytic algorithm to estimate the only two possible relative orbits and pairs of masses of main sequence (MS) astrometric binaries using all the available astrometric, photometric, and spectroscopic data from Gaia DR3. In some cases, it is possible to select the solution that is more aligned with the rest of the data. We deduced two possible values for the individual absolute magnitudes, masses, and effective temperatures for each binary, as well as the size of the telescope necessary to resolve their components. We present the workflow of our algorithm applied to the Ephemeris, Stellar Masses, and relative ORbits from GAia (ESMORGA) catalogue, along with the individual masses, absolute magnitudes, and effective temperatures derived for 49\,530 binaries.

Investigating ApoE4‐mediated metabolic alteration of H4 neuroglioma cells of Alzheimer’s disease

AbstractBackgroundMetabolites and proteins in ApoE4‐carried H4 neuroglioma cells were analyzed to investigate the potential mechanism of the risk gene ApoE4 involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodMetabolomics of ApoE4‐carried and wild‐type H4 cells was performed by applying a novel workflow composed of Orbital trapping secondary ion mass spectrometry (OrbiSIMS) as a screening tool, followed by LC‐MS/MS targeted metabolomics for further confirming polar molecules. Proteins affected by ApoE4 were identified by performing LC‐MS‐based proteomics, followed by investigating the protein network and functional enrichment analysis using the STRING database.ResultThe initial OrbiSIMS approach has shown the advantages of detecting large numbers of metabolites with minimal sample preparation, small sample size and a relatively rapid analysis time, allowing 192 putatively annotated metabolites detected in our study. We found glycerophospholipid metabolism, aspartate, glutamate and alanine are the most affected pathways by ApoE4. Polar‐targeted metabolomics of LC‐MS/MS further revealed that the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine is also affected by ApoE4. Besides, proteomics results suggest an overall metabolic process, RNA splicing process, and translation associated with ApoE4‐related AD development.ConclusionOur results have elucidated the metabolic alteration of H4 neuroglioma cells in the presence of ApoE4, supporting the hypothesis of the low ability of ApoE4 in transporting lipids and discovering two new potential pathways that may be involved in AD. In addition, proteomics analysis by LC‐MS further proved the ApoE4‐mediated dysfunction of nitrogen compound metabolism and RNA splicing process.

Higher Antarctic ice sheet accumulation and surface melt rates revealed at 2 km resolution

Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) mass loss is predominantly driven by increased solid ice discharge, but its variability is governed by surface processes. Snowfall fluctuations control the surface mass balance (SMB) of the grounded AIS, while meltwater ponding can trigger ice shelf collapse potentially accelerating discharge. Surface processes are essential to quantify AIS mass change, but remain poorly represented in climate models typically running at 25-100 km resolution. Here we present SMB and surface melt products statistically downscaled to 2 km resolution for the contemporary climate (1979-2021) and low, moderate and high-end warming scenarios until 2100. We show that statistical downscaling modestly enhances contemporary SMB (3%), which is sufficient to reconcile modelled and satellite mass change. Furthermore, melt strongly increases (46%), notably near the grounding line, in better agreement with in-situ and satellite records. The melt increase persists by 2100 in all warming scenarios, revealing higher surface melt rates than previously estimated.

Effects of Zhuang medicine compound Xiancao Granule on diabetic kidney disease: A multi-omics analysis

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) poses a severe threat to human health. Compound Xiancao Granule (CXCG), a classic Zhuang medicinal formula, is reported as highly effective in treating DKD. However, the mechanisms underlying the action of CXCG in DKD remain unclear. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of CXCG against DKD using multi-omics analysis, including 16s rRNA sequencing, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Materials and methodsThe chemical compounds of CXCG were identified using ultra-high- performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. A rat model of DKD was established by combining nephrectomy of the left kidney, high-fat diet, and streptozotocin. The therapeutic effects of CXCG on DKD were assessed based on body weight, blood glucose level, renal function, inflammatory cytokine levels, and histological staining. Subsequently, 16s rRNA sequencing, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry untargeted metabolomic profiling, and RNA sequencing analysis were used to investigate the mechanisms of action of CXCG in DKD. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to elucidate the correlations between efficacy indicators, gut microbiota, metabolites, and inflammation-related genes. ResultsA total of 118 compounds were identified in CXCG. CXCG significantly ameliorated glucose metabolism disorders, improved renal function, attenuated inflammation, and delayed renal pathological changes in DKD rats. CXCG modulated gut microbiota dysbiosis, including Alloprevotella, Oscillibacter, Anaeroplasma, Anaerotruncus, and Faecalibacterium. In addition, metabolic disruption in DKD rats was regulated by CXCG, which is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. Transcriptome analysis showed that CXCG affected DKD mainly by regulating inflammation-related genes and pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between efficacy indicators, gut microbiota, metabolites, and genes. ConclusionThis multi-omics association study provides novel insights into the effects of CXCG on DKD by remodeling the gut microbiota structure and restoring the metabolic homeostasis through the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and inflammation-related pathways, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy for DKD.

Orbital tuberculosis mimicking an ocular malignancy: a case report

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), a multi-systemic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of TB in children is challenging, particularly when it presents in rarer sites such as the eye. We present a case of a female Ghanaian toddler with a right orbital mass which mimicked an orbital malignancy and was confirmed as TB on histopathology. This case report highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for TB among children who present with orbital masses, especially in TB-endemic regions.

Effects of a modified Reissner-Nordström spacetime

A modified Reissner-Nordström spacetime is considered here, where the central object (for example, a black hole or naked singularity) possesses a mass, with an “ordinary”, i.e., Standard Model (SM) electric charge, along with a “dark” electric charge associated with dark matter (DM). The inclusion of this dark charge modifies the gravitational properties of the spacetime, while not affecting ordinary electrodynamics. Geodesic motions of both charged and uncharged SM test particles are modified due to the presence of dark charge. The modifications may allow the detection and measrement of the dark charge. In particular, (1) the effective potential for orbiting particles is modified, and consequently, (2) the angular momenta and ISCOs of test masses in circular orbits are changed from those for the usual Reissner-Nordström case. (3) In the case of a naked singularity, it is possible that a “levitating atmosphere”, due to short distance repulsive gravity, forms at the zero gravity radius, which depends upon both SM and DM charges. A levitating atmosphere may then cloak the naked singularity.

An Eosinophilic Variant of Orbital Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis with Ocular Motility Disorder

Purpose: To present the case of a patient with localized orbital granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) characterized by a significant ocular motility disorder, increased eosinophilia, and hyper-immunoglobulin E (hyper-IgE).Case Summary: A 61-year-old male, with no previous history of allergy, atopy, asthma, sinonasal disease, respiratory disease, or renal disease, came to our hospital due to a 2-day history of binocular diplopia. His left eye exhibited inward and upward deviation, along with gaze limitation. His vision was 20/20 in both eyes, and the pupillary light reflex and color test were normal. He had severe eyelid swelling and conjunctival injection without tenderness in his left eye, and retinal vessel congestion around the optic nerve, without proptosis. Laboratory tests revealed a positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA), a normal WBC count, elevated eosinophils at 28.3% (2,462/mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), and high serum levels of IgE (400 KU/L). Magnetic resonance imaging showed an inferolateral orbital mass with an enlarged lacrimal gland and myositis of the extraocular muscles. A biopsy of the lacrimal gland revealed nonspecific chronic inflammation with an eosinophilic infiltrate. The presence of cANCA, in combination with clinical and pathological findings, led to the diagnosis of an eosinophilic variant of localized orbital GPA. This variant was primarily confined to the orbital tissue, marked by elevated eosinophil and IgE levels, and was treated with oral steroids without requiring surgery for the ocular motility disorder.Conclusions: GPA may present as acute strabismus with orbital inflammation, even in the absence of systemic signs. Therefore, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained acute orbital syndromes.