Orange Pippin Research Articles

EFFECT OF TIMING OF ROOT PRUNING AND ROOT IBA APPLICATION ON LEAF MINERAL CONCENTRATION AND CANOPY LIGHT INTERCEPTION OF 'COX'S' ORANGE PIPPIN' APPLE TREES

ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Key Processes in the Growth and Cropping of Deciduous Fruit and Nut Trees EFFECT OF TIMING OF ROOT PRUNING AND ROOT IBA APPLICATION ON LEAF MINERAL CONCENTRATION AND CANOPY LIGHT INTERCEPTION OF 'COX'S' ORANGE PIPPIN' APPLE TREES

Peroxidase: Changes in soluble and bound forms during maturation and ripening of apples.

Peroxidase (POD) enzymes, both soluble and bound, have been implicated in the ripening process of a number of fruits. However, their roles are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to define clearly the classes of POD activity in apple parenchyma tissues on the basis of their solubility in salt solutions, to determine the subcellular localisation of ionically-bound POD activity, and to determine whether soluble- or ionically-bound POD activities exhibit any relationships with maturation and ripening. The cortical parenchyma of apples (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Cox's orange pippin) was investigated for changes in POD activity during maturation and post-harvest storage at 0, 4, and 8°C at 100% relative humidity (RH), and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage (4°C in 1.25% O2 and 0.5% CO2 ). The parenchyma cells contained both soluble and ionically-bound POD activity. The ionically-bound POD was located in the cell wall in the middle lamella, plasmodesmata and cell corners, and could be extracted quantitatively with 0.4 M CaCl2 at neutral pH to leave a POD-free residue. During maturation, both forms of activity increased on a 'per apple' basis, but decreased as a function of fresh weight. Under all conditions of storage, soluble POD exhibited a peak of activity at approximately the mid-point of ripening-related softening; this event may constitute a biochemical marker. In contrast, ionically-bound POD generally decreased during ripening, except under CA storage. CA storage inhibited ripening-related softening after an initial loss of firmness. However, softening resumed after transfer of apples to normal atmosphere storage at 8°C. This may provide a new insight into controlling tissue softening.

Visualization of plant cell walls by atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy has been used to visualize the ultrastructure of hydrated plant cell wall material from prepared apple (Malus pumila MILL; Cox orange pippin), water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; Bintje), and carrot (Daucus carota L.; Amsterdamse bak) parenchyma. Samples of cell wall material in aqueous suspension were deposited onto freshly cleaved mica. Excess water was blotted away and the moist samples were imaged in air at ambient temperature and humidity. The three-dimensional images obtained highlighted the layered structure of the plant cell walls and revealed features interpreted as individual cellulose microfibrils and plasmodesmata.

Effects of alley sward width, irrigation and nitrogen fertiliser on growth and yield of Cox's orange pippin apple trees

AbstractFrom 1972 to 1988 an experiment was conducted which investigated the effects of four soil management treatments in combination with two rates of fertiliser application, on the growth and components of yield of Cox's Orange Pippin/MM 106 trees.By four years after planting, trees receiving irrigation and those in uncultivated soil maintained completely bare by herbicide had substantially greater girths than trees growing in narrow and wide bare soil strips between grassed alleys. This effect persisted throughout the life of the orchard, although after 16 years the girths of trees receiving irrigation were much greater than those of trees growing in bare soil.Increasing fertiliser application rate from 63 to 189 kg N ha−1 had either negligible or inconsistent effects on tree growth, fruit yield and size.The cumulative yield of fruit over 12 cropping years was much greater for trees growing in bare soil and for those receiving irrigation than for those growing in the narrow bare‐soil strip system.The increase in tree girth and yield caused by irrigation and bare soil, particularly in dry years, together with the lack of response to the larger rate of fertiliser application, suggests than water was more of a limiting factor than nitrogen supply for this orchard. Irrigation offers an alternative method of management to herbicide for increasing tree growth and fruit yield.

THE EFFECTS OF ANNUAL FRUIT THINNING WITH CARBARYL ON FRUIT SIZE AND YIELD IN COX'S ORANGE PIPPIN APPLES

THE EFFECTS OF ANNUAL FRUIT THINNING WITH CARBARYL ON FRUIT SIZE AND YIELD IN COX'S ORANGE PIPPIN APPLES

Improvement of aroma of Cox’s Orange pippin apples stored in low oxygen atmospheres

SummaryStoring Cox’s Orange Pippin apples in 1.25% O2 leads to increased firmness and reduced aroma compared with storing in 2% O2. Raising oxygen levels during the storage period from 1.25% to 2% enhanced organoleptic aroma to a level indistinguishable from that of fruit stored in 2% O2, but the benefits of 1.25% O2 in terms of increased firmness ex-store were maintained. Raising the O2 level in storage can be delayed until relatively close to marketing in order to get maximum firmness while still increasing aroma.

Influence of different controlled atmospheres and post‐storage temperatures on the acceptability of Cox's orange pippin and Suntan apples

AbstractA consumer survey of the quality of six samples of apples (Cox's Orange Pippin and Suntan stored at 4°C in 2% O2, <1% CO2, and Cox's Orange Pippin stored in 1% O2, <1% CO2, all three subsequently held for 10 days in air at 4°C or 17°C showed them to be equally acceptable, but for different reasons. Suntan had a poor aroma but a more acceptable appearance and overall flavour (by virtue of being sharper) than Cox's Orange Pippin, irrespective of storage conditions. Fruit stored at the lower O2 level and held post‐storage at the lower temperature was less sweet and sharp, but had a crisper and juicier texture than fruit stored at the higher O2 concentrations and post‐storage temperature.

Comparison of the compatibility and metaxenia effects of several dessert apple and ornamentalMaluscultivars with Cox’s orange pippin

SummaryFlowers of apple cv Cox’s Orange Pippin were hand-pollinated with diluted or undiluted pollen of six dessert and five ornamental Malus cultivars. Subsequent examinations of pollen tube growth, fruit set and seed numbers showed that all were compatible with Cox, though some differences were found. Pollen of four of the five ornamental Malus cvs, viz. Golden Hornet, Hillieri, Winter Gold and Aldenhamensis, was as compatible with Cox as that of the dessert cultivars. No metaxenia effects on size, weight, colour, russet, acidity or sugar content were seen in the pollinated Cox fruit.

Comparison of flowering dates and pollen release characteristics of severalMaluscultivars used as pollinators for Cox’s orange pippin apple

SummaryFlowering dates, pattern of anther dehiscence after flower opening and date of petal fall were recorded in seven dessert apple cultivars and four ornamental Malus cultivars over several years. No single dessert cultivar produced pollen throughout the Cox flowering season in every year, but a combination of two or more of the ornamental Malus studied could do so.

The effects of soil management systems on the chemical composition and quality of golden delicious and cox's orange pippin apples—a follow‐up study

AbstractTests on Golden Delicious and Cox's Orange Pippin apples, evaluated in five and three seasons, respectively, between 1972 and 1980, indicated that method of soil management was still influencing fruit quality 15 years after commencement of the experiment, although to a lesser extent than in the earlier years. In 1973, the soluble solids content, skin colour and yield values of Golden Delicious differed between treatments but no differences were observed for fruit firmness in any of the five seasons when fruit were tested. Acidity values differed in 1972, 1973 and 1980. Overall herbicides gave the highest yields in 1973 and 1975 and the lowest levels of soluble solids. The yield of Cox's Orange Pippin fruit varied considerably between seasons; yields between treatments within seasons were only different in 1975. Correlation coefficients between yield and soluble solids were negative and ranged from ‐0.51 to ‐0.68.

A language and procedure for the sensory assessment of cox's orange pippin apples

AbstractTo relate consumer preference information with physico‐chemical data, necessary to understand the causes of flavour quality in foods and beverages requires detailed objective sensory descriptions to act as the link between the two. This paper describes the development of a language and assessment procedure for evaluating the sensory attributes of the apple cultivar, Cox 's Orange Pippin. It covers aspects of appearance, external and internal aroma, feel of the apple in the hand, taste, texture and aftertaste, terminology where possible being defined in terms of standards or by analogy with other foods. The problems associated with the sensory assessment of apples are also discussed.

The effects of soil management systems on the chemical composition and quality of apples. II. Cox's orange pippin and red jonathan apples

AbstractThe quality of fruit of Cox's Orange Pippin and Red Jonathan from different soil management treatments was tested in 1969 and again in 1970. The range of tests included soluble solids, reducing sugar and acid contents, texture measurements and taste panel assessment. The non‐cultivation treatment gave the highest yields and the quality of fruit of both cultivars from all treatments was acceptable. Grass improved the quality of Cox's Orange Pippin in 1969 but not in 1970. Cultivation gave higher soluble solids levels than non‐cultivation for Red Jonathan in both seasons. There was no correlation between soluble solids content and taste panel response for either cultivar. However, solids levels of fruit from the different treatments tested were close together thus making it difficult for the panel to distinguish between samples.Soluble solids levels increased in fruit of Cox's Orange Pippin during storage at 1°C in 1969 but remained constant in 1970. Levels in Red Jonathan decreased in both seasons. Fruit of Cox's Orange Pippin became softer during storage in both seasons while fruit of Red Jonathan softened only in 1969.Acid levels for fruit of both cultivars from the different soil management treatments were not significantly different in either season.

A comparison between fruits of Cox's orange pippin from Kent, England, and Auckland, New Zealand

Summary The rates and duration of growth, cell division, and cell expansion, are described for Cox's Orange Pippin fruits grown in Kent and in Auckland. Auckland fruit had a faster rate of development for the first few weeks after blossom, and a shorter duration of growth; this may be related to the higher mean minimum temperature in Auckland.

Effects of ionising radiation on the acid metabolism of apples (cox orange pippin)

AbstractAn accelerated loss of titratable acidity occurs in irradiated fruit during storage at 37° F. The principal acids contributing to the titratable acid values have been identified and determined quantitatively. Changes in the titratable acid values were shown to be due primarily to changes in the malic acid content.

SPRAYING PRACTICE AND THE CONTROL OF APPLE SCAB ON COX'S ORANGE PIPPIN AND BRAMLEY'S SEEDLING IN ENGLAND, 1958–60

Plant PathologyVolume 10, Issue 4 p. 151-158 SPRAYING PRACTICE AND THE CONTROL OF APPLE SCAB ON COX'S ORANGE PIPPIN AND BRAMLEY'S SEEDLING IN ENGLAND, 1958–60 First published: December 1961 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1961.tb00140.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume10, Issue4December 1961Pages 151-158 RelatedInformation

A survey of collar rot and root rot of Cox's Orange pippin and other apple varieties in Nelson and Marlborough

Summary The results of a survey of collar rot and root rot in 69 Nelson and Marlborough apple orchards are presented. Collar rot was recorded in 10.4% of single-worked Cox's Orange. Where topworked on other apple varieties, the incidence was only 2.6%. Collar rot was negligible in other varieties with the exception of Gravenstein, which had 2% infection. Incidence of collar rot was correlated with age of trees, infection being highest in trees over 20 years. Poor drainage was the chief contributing factor. Root rot was prevalent in trees over 40 years of age. Delicious, with 7.9%, was the most severely affected variety.