Submucous Fibrosis Research Articles

Novel transcripts of EMT driving the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, and fibrotic condition of the oral mucosa that carries an elevated risk of malignant transformation. We aimed to identify and validate novel genes associated with the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSF. Genes regulating EMT were identified through differential gene expression analysis, using a LogFC threshold of -1 and + 1 and a padj value < 0.05, based on data from GEO datasets and the TCGA-HNSC datasets. The curated EMT genes were correlated with functional cancer states and subjected to clustering to identify candidate genes. Integration of bioinformatics and proteomics led to the discovery of the EMT genes MMP9, SPARC, and ITGA5 as novel candidates. Comprehensive pathway and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed their roles in regulating EMT in OSF, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and OSF-associated squamous cell carcinoma (OSFSCC). The significant roles of MMP9, SPARC, and ITGA5 in fibrosis and malignancy suggest a novel mechanism in which fibrosis-associated type 2 EMT undergoes transition to type 3 EMT, driving OSF towards malignancy.

Aberrant promoter methylation of CTHRC1 gene and its clinicopathological characteristics in head and neck cancer.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is genetically complex and difficult to treat. Detection in the early stage is challenging, leading to diagnosis at advanced stages with limited treatment options. This study examined the collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 gene (CTHRC1) as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in HNSCC. Despite documented CTHRC1 upregulation in various cancers, the underlying causes remain unclear. The objective was to investigate potential epigenetic regulation of CTHRC1 expression through the analysis of promoter methylation. CTHRC1 DNA methylation, mRNA, and its protein expression were analysed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC cohort and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patient samples. Functional analysis included scrutinizing the protein-protein interaction network and associations with DisGeNET (disease gene network). Various statistical methods were employed for analysis. HNSCC tumours exhibited significant hypomethylation of CTHRC1 DNA, correlating with advanced disease features. Elevated mRNA and protein expression of CTHRC1 further support its role in disease progression. High CTHRC1 gene expression was associated with a poorer prognosis. The protein interaction network implicated crucial pathways in cancer development and links to oral submucous fibrosis. Despite the limitations of this study, including the use of retrospective data and need for functional experiments, CTHRC1 shows potential as a prognostic predictor and target for therapeutic applications in HNSCC, paving the way for further research and improved patient management.

Epithelium-derived exosomal dipeptidyl peptidase-4 involved in arecoline-induced oral submucous fibrosis.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 is known to be involved in the progression of several fibrogenic diseases, but its association with oral submucous fibrosis remains unclear. This study aims to ascertain whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of arecoline-induced oral submucous fibrosis. We assessed the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in arecoline-treated epithelial cells and the exosomes derived from cells. We cocultured the fibroblast and exosomes derived from epithelium cells and assessed fibrogenic activity by measuring collagen secretion, α-SMA expression, and gel contraction capability. An animal study was conducted to confirm the fibrogenic activity of exosomes derived from arecoline-treated epithelial cells. Additionally, we employed a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor to assess its efficacy in mitigating fibrogenesis. Following arecoline treatment, an increase dipeptidyl peptidase-4 expression was observed in exosomes from the treated epithelium cells. When these exosomes cocultured with fibroblast, fibrogenic gene α-SMA was upregulated, increased collagen secretion, and enhanced gel contraction capability. In a mouse model, the administration of arecoline-treated epithelium-derived exosomes induced oral submucous fibrosis phenotype, characterized by a reduction in incisal distance and epithelial atrophy. These findings offer valuable insights into clinical strategies for combating oral fibrotic disease and contribute to the foundation of future research in this field.

Effectiveness of Fenugreek as an Adjuvant in the Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fenugreek as an adjuvant in managing oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), specifically leukoplakia, lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Twenty-one participants prediagnosed with OPMDs were randomly divided into a study group (SG) and a control group (CG), with 10 participants in SG and 11 in CG, respectively. The SG received 2 gm of fenugreek as an adjuvant with standard systemic treatments tailored to the respective lesions: intralesional injection of vitamin A 1,00,000 IU (Aquasol A) and topical application of triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% (Kenacort) for 2 months for leukoplakia. Subjects with oral lichen planus were administered prednisolone 5 mg/day (Wysolone), chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2% (Peridex), and Zincovit once daily for 8 weeks. For subjects with OSMF, one capsule of SM Fibro once daily for 12 weeks along with dexamethasone 1.5 mL (Decadron) was given, and hyaluronidase 1,500 IU (Hynidase) with 0.5 mL lignocaine HCL (Xylocaine) was injected intralesionally biweekly and mouth exercise was advised for 2 months; control group received only the standard treatment. Sociodemographic data were collected, and clinical assessments, evaluating size and shape for leukoplakia, erythema, and burning sensation for oral lichen planus, and mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and burning sensation for OSMF were assessed from baseline through 2 months. Data collected were organized in Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0. The SG and CG had 10 and 11 participants, with 4 in each group for leukoplakia, 2 participants in SG and 3 in CG for lichen planus, and 4 participants for OSMF in each group, respectively. Most participants presented with leukoplakia under 2 cm on the buccal mucosa bilaterally, with no significant changes in size or shape postintervention. For lichen planus, mild erythema and burning sensation were noted, but there were no significant differences within or between groups postintervention. A mild burning sensation, a statistically significant improvement in mouth opening was observed in SG (p < 0.051) when compared with CG after 8 weeks postintervention in OSMF. Also, significant improvement in cheek flexibility was noted from baseline to the fourth follow-up in SG post intervention. However, there were no differences between groups during the follow-up period. The findings from this trial suggest that SG showed significant improvement in OSMF than CG, whereas the improvements in leukoplakia and lichen planus remained same in both groups. Fenugreek, being a cost-effective and affordable agent known for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiulcerative properties, could be used as an adjuvant for its management in OPMDs. How to cite this article: Balasundaram N, Narayanan MBA, Arul Antony LS, et al. Effectiveness of Fenugreek as an Adjuvant in the Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(10):921-929.

ASSOCIATION OF ABO BLOOD GROUPS IN ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between ABO blood group types and oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. According to the earlier study findings (based on available literature), an individual’s susceptibility to certain cancers, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma is influenced by ABO blood type. As one third of oral squamous cell carcinomas develop from potentially malignant disorders it is imperative to identify the association between ABO blood group and these lesions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology in collaboration with Department of Oral Pathology at Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad on 158 clinically diagnosed potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Out of which 122 were males and 36 were females. Patients' ABO blood types were ascertained using the rapid slide agglutination test. Results: The Chi square test was used to determine the statistical relationship between ABO blood types and the risk of oral cavity malignancies. In this study Incidence of Squamous cell carcinoma found to be more in A+ve blood group, Oral Submucous fibrosis more in B+ve blood group, Oral leukoplakia more in B+ve and Oral lichen planus more in O+ve blood group. A statistically significant association was observed. Conclusion:According to this study, the A+ve blood group had a higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma, the B+ve blood group had a higher incidence of oral submucous fibrosis, the B+ve blood group had a higher incidence of oral leukoplakia, and the O+ve blood group had a higher incidence of oral lichen planus

Innovative anti-fibrotic strategy using a bromelain containing mucoadhesive patch for effective collagen breakdown and cytotoxicity in oral submucous fibrosis

Innovative anti-fibrotic strategy using a bromelain containing mucoadhesive patch for effective collagen breakdown and cytotoxicity in oral submucous fibrosis

Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits p62‐Dependent Autophagy by Targeting HSP70A1A/TGM‐2 Axis to Alleviate Arecoline‐Induced Oral Submucosal Fibrosis

Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits p62‐Dependent Autophagy by Targeting HSP70A1A/TGM‐2 Axis to Alleviate Arecoline‐Induced Oral Submucosal Fibrosis

Exosomes derived from human adipose mesenchymal stem cells act as a therapeutic target for oral submucous fibrosis.

Oral submucosal fibrosis is a highly malignant oral condition that necessitates the use of sophisticated therapeutic procedures. OSF is a multifactorial precancerous condition induced by areca nut chewing, deficiencies in vitamins and trace minerals, immunological aspects, and hereditary factors. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells possess the capability for multidirectional activation and are extensively distributed throughout the body. They have minimal immunogenicity and are extensively utilized in cancer treatment. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles produced by the intracellular route. They are biological carriers comprising microRNA, messenger RNA, lipids and proteins crucial for intercellular communication. ADSC exosomes, serving as a vehicle for miRNA, possess accessibility and little immunogenicity. They can significantly contribute to adipose tissue regrowth, angiogenesis, immunological modulation, and tissue repair. ADSC-Exo exhibits antifibrotic properties and may serve as a potential treatment for OSF. This review presents a novel therapeutic approach and clarifies the precise mechanisms involved in the clinical management of OSF using ADSC-Exo.

Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes attenuates myofibroblast transformation via inhibiting autophagy through TGF-β/Smad2 axis in oral submucosal fibrosis

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition that poses substantial health risks. OSF is mainly caused by betel nut chewing behavior, but its pathogenesis is still unclear and there is no effective treatment strategy. The transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblast is the key pathological change in the development of OSF. We isolated fibroblasts from human oral mucosa and induced them into myofibroblasts by arecoline, during which autophagy was significantly activated. Here, we found that adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSCs-EXO) could inhibit autophagy to regulate myofibroblast phenotype, and transcriptome sequencing analysis suggested that this process is closely related to the TGF-β pathway. The interplay between autophagy and TGF-β pathway was examined through modulation the two with autophagy activators and inhibitors, TGF-β receptor activators and inhibitors. Results showed that in vitro, the TGF-β/Smad2 pathway augmented autophagy and promoted myofibroblast transformation. The transcriptome information of ADSCs-EXO showed that it contains a large number of miRNAs. Among them, miR-125a-5p could target Smad2. In vivo, injection of ADSCs-EXO alleviated OSF in mice, during which TGF-β and autophagy signals were inhibited. We suggested that ADSCs-EXO could inhibit myofibroblast transformation via inhibiting autophagy through TGF-β/Smad2 axis in OSF, providing new insights for autophagy-based intervention strategies.

Morphometric analysis of epithelium in oral submucous fibrosis using open-source software

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic oral mucosal disease characterized by progressive deposition of collagen in subepithelial connective tissue and epithelial atrophy. ImageJ is open-source software that aids researchers to visualize, inspect, quantify, and validate scientific image data. Objectives: To measure and compare the changes in epithelial thickness and cell morphology in OSMF in comparison with normal mucosa using computer-aided image analysis software. Materials and Methods: 15 OSMF and 10 cases of normal buccal mucosa were analyzed. Epithelial thickness and cell morphology of spinous cells of OSMF cases were quantified by ImageJ software and compared with that of normal tissue. Results: An increase in the cellular area of the spinous cells in OSMF compared to that of the normal tissue was observed. Conclusion: ImageJ represents a powerful tool that enhances the precision and efficiency of epithelial analysis in OSMF research compared to historical methods.

Curcumin Alleviates Arecoline-induced Oral Submucous Fibrosis via the FOSL1/MAPK8 Axis.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous lesion of the oral cavity. Areca nut consumption can cause OSF through sustained activation of buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). This study explored the effect of curcumin on arecoline-induced BMF activation and its mechanism of action. BMFs were isolated and identified by immunofluorescence detection of fibroblast surface markers vimentin and S100A4. After transfection with FOSL1- or MAPK8-related vectors, BMFs were activated by arecoline and treated with curcumin. Scratch and transwell assays were performed to detect cell migration. ChIP and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to detect the binding of FOSL1 to the MAPK8 promoter. RT-qPCR was used to detect FOSL1 and MAPK8 mRNA expression. Western blotting was used to detect FOSL1, MAPK8, COL1A1, α-SMA, Smad2, and p-Smad2 proteins. Curcumin treatment inhibited arecoline-induced fibroblast migration, reduced the expression of myofibroblast markers COL1A1, α-SMA, and p-Smad2, and downregulated the expression of FOSL1 and MAPK8. FOSL1 or MAPK8 overexpression enhanced migration and increased COL1A1, α-SMA, and p-Smad2 expression in curcumin-treated cells. FOSL1 bound to the MAPK8 promoter and promoted MAPK8 expression. Simultaneous FOSL1 overexpression and MAPK8 knockdown, compared to FOSL1 overexpression, reduced cell migration and inhibited COL1A1, α-SMA, and p-Smad2 expression. In conclusion, curcumin targets FOSL1 to reduce MAPK8 expression, thereby suppressing arecoline-induced fibroblast activation.

Efficacy of Platysma Flap in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis—A Case Report

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity. Various surgical treatment modalities have been advocated in the management of OSMF with variable results. We are reporting a case of OSMF Group IVa where the post-fibrotomy defect was reconstructed using a platysma myocutaneous flap (PMF) in a young male patient. Postoperatively, patient was evaluated during a regular follow-up period for one year. The Preoperative interincisal opening of 2 mm gradually improved to 35 mm at the end of one year postoperatively with no postoperative complications. The facial aesthetic is not compromised as the incision is some way from the face and the scars are hidden underneath the collar. PMF can be considered a good reconstructive option for OSMF with aesthetically acceptable results, however, the technique is more demanding and must be mastered properly.

Network analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a comparative approach.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is categorized as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) with an increased risk of occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we aimed to identify the hub genes associated with OSMF and OSCC. Using RStudio, a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in (A) OSMF, (B) OSCC, and (C) comparative OSMF-OSCC category, obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The Protein to Protein Interaction (PPI) Network, hub genes, and functional annotation were determined using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), Cytoscape, and SR-Plot, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). A total of 2081, 2320, and 3295 DEGs were obtained from the OSMF, OSCC, and comparative categories, respectively. Hub gene and gene enrichment analysis revealed that the genes in (A) MYH6, TTN, TNNT3, MYL1, TPM2, ACTN3, NEB, MYL2, TNNT1, and TPM1; (B) CD4, SELL, CD28, CD27, PRF1, CD80, GZMB, CD40LG, ITGAX, and IL4; and (C) CD4, CD8A, CTLA4, CD28, GZMB, IL79, CD69, CD40LG, IFNG, and CD80 categories, were associated with muscle contraction, cell proliferation, and malignant transformation. Hub genes and functional enrichment analysis revealed the diagnostic genes and the genes responsible for the malignant transformation in OSMF, OSCC, and the comparative category. A panel of identified genes will be of clinical significance in targeted therapy in future studies. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol YEAR;VOL:page range).

P53 and Ki67 Biomarkers are Predictors for Malignant Transformation in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Prospective Study.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder (PMD) characterized by a high rate of malignant transformation (MT). OSMF exhibits atrophic epithelium yet has a high proliferation rate. Both p53 and Ki67 are nuclear proteins associated with cell proliferation, detectable in the early stages of oral cancer (OC). This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of p53 and Ki67 immuno-expression as tools for predicting malignant transformation in OSMF cases. The objective was to correlate the expression of p53 and Ki67 with demographic and chewing habits data. The study group consisted of 60 histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSMF, 60 cases of OC as positive controls, and 60 cases of NOM as negative controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed on neutral-buffered formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 3 μm thickness, using ready-to-use anti-human p53 protein (clone DO-7) and monoclonal antibody for Ki67 antigen (clone MIB-1). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 21, employing the chi-square test (p < 0.05). The expression of p53 and Ki67 was significantly higher in OSMF samples compared to NOM samples, but lower than in OC samples. When the expression levels of both p53 and Ki67 were correlated with demographic and chewing habits data, the results were statistically significant. The overexpression of p53 and Ki67 may contribute to the progression of MT in OSM. Early detection of these biomarkers is crucial for preventing MT, which also helps reduce the morbidity and mortality of OC. Therefore, both p53 and Ki67 can serve as predictive biomarkers for the early detection of MT in high-risk OSMF patients.

EP134 Long-term review of paediatric oral submucous fibrosis induced trismus treated with KTP laser

EP134 Long-term review of paediatric oral submucous fibrosis induced trismus treated with KTP laser

50 Does areca nut and smokeless tobacco (SLT) products represent an overlooked source of fluoride exposure and risk for oral submucous fibrosis?

50 Does areca nut and smokeless tobacco (SLT) products represent an overlooked source of fluoride exposure and risk for oral submucous fibrosis?

Designing lysyl hydroxylase inhibitors for oral submucous fibrosis - Insights from molecular dynamics.

Alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) dependent Lysyl hydroxylase (LH) is a critical enzyme in the post-translational conversion of lysine into hydroxylysine in collagen triple helix and telopeptide regions. Overexpression of LH increases collagen hydroxylation and covalent cross-linkage, causing fibrosis. Currently, no drugs are available to inhibit LH potentially. Virtual screening of the Zinc database was employed to identify new leads. They were docked using Glide. Lead1 complex exhibits a notably superior docking score compared to other leads. This complex hinders iron stabilization by engaging with the HXD..Xn..H motif and competitively inhibiting 2OG binding at the catalytic site via interactions with Cys691 and Arg729 by forming a salt bridge. Molecular dynamics simulations over a 500 ns time scale and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area calculations illustrate the stable binding of Leads. DCCA analysis finds the coordinated residue motions and the influence of the second coordinating sphere in long-range interactions. In-silico results were validated by quantifying the amount of collagen in zebrafish through histology and hydroxyproline assay. These findings demonstrated a reduction in collagen deposition in the treated samples compared to the positive control. This computational study unveiled insights into how leads may impede collagen lysine hydroxylation and potentially impact collagen-related processes.

Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Flow Rate in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients before and after Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation: A Research Protocol

Introduction: A persistent, precancerous, and frequently debilitating condition-Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is characterised by a slowly progressing fibrosis of the oropharynx and oral cavity. A reduction in salivary flow is one of the common symptoms experienced by sufferers. Using electric current to stimulate nerves, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) can be an effective method for improving salivation. TENS serves as a simple, affordable, and non invasive approach that can decrease the discomfort associated with long-lasting hyposalivation. Need of the Study: Although the effectiveness of TENS on salivary flow rate has been studied in various conditions, there is a lack of evidence or studies describing the effect of TENS on salivary flow rate in patients with OSMF. This has led to the intention of the present study. Aim: To evaluate and compare the salivary flow rate in OSMF patients before and after TENS. Materials and Methods: This prospective research investigation will be conducted in the Department of Radiology and Oral Medicine, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi, wardha, Maharashtra, India, from February 2024 to January 2025. Patients aged between 18 and 45 years suffering from OSMF will be included in the study, evaluated based on the Inventory of Xerostomia (XI) questionnaire to confirm reduced salivation. Each patient will receive TENS treatment at 40 Hz for 15 minutes. The Modified Schirmer Test (MST) will be used to evaluate the salivary flow rate before and after TENS therapy. All findings will be recorded in a tabular format and subjected to appropriate statistical tests to evaluate the statistical significance regarding the improvement in salivary flow rate.

Association between Clinical Manifestations and Candida Carriage in Patients with Oral Sub-Mucous Fibrosis

A chronic, progressive disorder known as oral sub-mucous fibrosis causes the oral mucosa to become inflamed and fibrotic, which limits mouth opening, causes a burning sensation, and reduces salivary flow. Objectives: To assess the relationship between candida carriage in oral sub-mucous fibrosis patients and demographic traits, tobacco use, and clinical parameters such as burning sensation, salivary flow rate, and mouth opening. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2024 to Oct 2024. This study was conducted in Multan Medical and Dental College. The total number of patients was 384 divided into 192 with oral sub-mucous fibrosis and 192 control participants split into groups with and without risk exposure. Clinical characteristics such as mouth opening, salivary flow rate, and burning sensation (measured using a visual analogue scale) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with descriptive, mean, Post Hoc analysis, and Chi‑square tests. Results: Comparing the oral sub-mucous fibrosis positive group (93%) to the negative group (7%), the oral sub-mucous fibrosis group had a considerably greater prevalence of candida carriage. Reduced salivary flow rate (≤0.2 ml/min), restricted mouth opening (≤20 mm), and severe burning sensation (3-5 (Visual Analogue Scale)) were shown to be strongly correlated with candida positivity (p&lt;0.001). A greater prevalence of candida colonization was also seen in patients who used tobacco more frequently (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: It was concluded that comprehensive treatment methods should include patient education on oral hygiene and quitting smoking, given the major impact that these behaviours play in candida's carriage.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS AND LICHEN PLANUS: INSIGHTS FROM PATIENT SURVEYS

Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and Lichen planus (LP) are chronic diseases of the oral mucosa that have different causes and manifestations. OSMF is primarily associated with betel quid chewers showing progressive fibrosis with functional derangement and a high propensity for malignant change. LP, on the other hand, is an immune-mediated disease that presents with a wide range of symptoms and contrarily, has a lower severity of complications associated with it. Although there is much written on both conditions’ knowledge of the relative clinical characteristics, psychological effects, and functional consequences of each is limited. Objective: The study offers a complete comparative evaluation of OSMF and LP concerning lesion typical presentation, symptoms’ severity, disorder’s psychological manifestations, and influence on oral function among the patients seen at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences Karachi in July and August 2024. Altogether 100 patients diagnosed for OSMF and 100 patients diagnosed for LP were included in the study. Structured questionnaires and clinical examinations were used while collecting data. An evaluation was made of lesion characteristics, psychological responses, and functional consequences. Analysis of data was done by using the chi-square test for comparing two or more proportions, the t-test to compare two groups of independent variables, the U test for two independent samples which were not normally distributed, and logistic regression all from SPSS version 27.0. Results: OSMF patients were more likely to have lesions located on the cheeks (60%) and experience severe functional impairment which includes difficulty in chewing and swallowing. While LP patients presented more frequently with tongue lesions (45%) and less severe functional limitations. OSMF patients reported higher levels of psychological distress with 55% experiencing moderate to severe anxiety as compared to 30% in LP patients. Logistic regression identified lesion appearance, severity and impact on oral function as the main predictors of diagnosis (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: This study enunciates a comparison in the Clinical manifestation, Psychiatric/ Psychological impact and Functional Profile of Oral Submucous Fibrosis with that of Lichen Planus. LP presents fewer complications, less apparent functional disability and a different distribution of the lesions than OSMF, which is associated with severe fibrosis and significantly poor oral function. These results provide a rationale for client-centred approaches to treatment that will enhance the physical and psychological well-being of the patients. Subsequent investigation is necessary to assess long-term manual and anti-psychotic efficacy.