Oral Pathol Med Research Articles

Quantitative Real-Time Gene Profiling of Human Alveolar Osteoblasts Using a One-Step System.

The use of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT2-PCR) for the identification of differentially regulated genes is a powerful technology. The protocol presented here uses qRT2-PCR gene arrays to investigate the regulation of 84 angiogenic related genes in human primary alveolar osteoblasts following treatment with the bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid, and geranylgeraniol (GGOH). GGOH has potential as a therapeutic agent for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, a serious side effect resulting from treatment for metastatic cancer (Zafar S, Coates DE, Cullinan MP, Drummond BK, Milne T, Seymour GJ. J Oral Pathol Med 43:711-721, 2014). The isolation of the primary osteoblast cells follows the methods described by Dillon et al. (Method Mol Biol 816:3-18, 2012) with a new RNA extraction technique described fully. The method highlights the importance of obtaining high-quality RNA which is DNA-free. Relative levels of gene expression are normalized against selected reference genes (HKG) and a number of examples of how fold regulation (2-ΔΔCq) and gene expression level (2-ΔCq) data can be presented are given.

Zinc Supplementation May Reduce the Effects of Oral Mucositis for Patients With Cancer Receiving Either Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy

Effects of oral supplementation in the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. de Menêses AG, Normando AGC, Porto de Toledo I, Reis PED, Guerra ENS. J Oral Pathol Med. 2020;49(2):117-125. Information not available from the study. Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

A firm mass of the maxillary gingiva

A firm mass of the maxillary gingiva

Bilateral mandibular dentigerous cyst in non-syndromic patient: technical strategy and literature review

Bilateral mandibular dentigerous cyst in non-syndromic patient: technical strategy and literature review

Limited Evidence Suggests That Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis May Benefit From Using Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-free Dentifrices

Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review. Alli BY, Erinoso OA, Olawuyi AB. J Oral Pathol Med. 2019;48(5):358-64. None. The authors declared no conflict of interest. Systematic review with meta-analysis of data from double-blind randomized controlled trials.

Evidence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of X-rays in the oral mucosa epithelium of adults subjected to cone beam computed tomography.

Evidence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of X-rays in the oral mucosa epithelium of adults subjected to cone beam computed tomography.

High variability in prevalence of oral mucosal disorders in pregnant women

Bett JVS, Batistella EÂ, Melo G, et al. Prevalence of oral mucosal disorders during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print January 23, 2019]. J Oral Pathol Med. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12831.

The Tooth Crossing the Confinement of Mandible: An Unique Expression of Central Variety of Dentigerous Cyst.

Dentigerous cyst (DC) is the most common developmental cyst that occurs in either jaw with a reported frequency of 18.1% (Jones et al. J Oral Pathol Med 35:500-507, 2006). DC literally means a tooth bearing cyst, and it is named due to the fact the it is almost always associated with an impacted or unerupted tooth in the jaw. The most common tooth involved by DC is mandibular third molar, since it is most common tooth to get impacted, followed by mandibular canine, maxillary third molars and mandibular premolars and less commonly maxillary central incisor. However, the association of mandibular second molar is unusual with an incidence of about 1.1%. We report a case of a 28years old male diagnosed with an impacted mandibular third molar associated with DC and its surgical management.

Quantitative Real-Time Gene Profiling of Human Alveolar Osteoblasts.

The use of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT2-PCR) for the identification of differentially regulated genes is a powerful technology. The protocol presented here uses qRT2-PCR gene arrays to investigate the regulation of 84 angiogenic related genes in human primary alveolar osteoblasts following treatment with the bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZA), and geranylgeraniol (GGOH). GGOH has potential as a therapeutic agent for Bisphosphate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ), a serious side-effect resulting from the treatment for metastatic cancer (Zafar et al., J Oral Pathol Med 43:711-721, 2014; Ruggiero, Ann NY Acad Sci 1218:38-46, 2011). The isolation of the primary osteoblast cells follows the methods previously described (Dillon et al., Methods Mol Biol 816:3-18, 2012) with a new RNA extraction technique described fully. The method highlights the importance of obtaining high-quality RNA which is DNA-free. Relative levels of gene expression are normalized against selected housekeeping genes (HKG) and a number of examples of how fold regulation (2-∆∆Cq) and gene expression level (2-∆Cq) data can be presented are given.

Coexistence of Sarcoidosis and Sjögren's Syndrome: A Case-Report

SESSION TITLE: Diffuse Lung Disease Global Case Reports SESSION TYPE: Global Case Report Poster PRESENTED ON: Tuesday, October 27, 2015 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PM INTRODUCTION: Sarcoidosis and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are both multisystemic diseases of unknown etiology. Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Although, lungs and the tracheobronchial tree are the most common involvement sites in sarcoidosis it can rarely effect the salivary and lacrimal glands. On the other hand, SS mainly affects the exocrine glands, but it may also have systemic manifestations. Occasionally some features of sarcoidosis may mimic SS when parotid and/or lacrimal gland involvement is present. Although they are different clinical entities there are several reports suggestive of sarcoidosis and coexisting Sjögren's syndrome in the literature (1, 2). CASE PRESENTATION: A 58 years-old Caucasian female presented with dry cough, exertional dyspnea, progressive dry mouth and dry eyes. Physical examination was unremarkable except dryness of oral mucosa and bilateral basal crackles. Laboratory examinations revealed an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein. Routine hematological laboratory and blood chemistry values were normal. Chest radiograph showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and lower zone reticular infiltrates. Chest computed tomography revealed multiple mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathies in addition to bilateral pulmonary nodules with peribronchovascular involvement. A mild restrictive ventilatoty defect and mild reduction in carbon monoxide diffusion capacity was observed on pulmonary function tests. She underwent bronchoscopy. A transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy from the right lower paratracheal station revealed non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme level was elevated. Antinuclear antibody and antibodies against SS-A / Ro were positive. Bilateral Shirmer's tear test yielded positive. Histopathological examination of minor salivary glands showed periductal lymphocytic infiltration. The patient was diagnosed with coexisting SS and sarcoidosis. Treatment with prednisolon and hidroxychloroquine were started. During a 2 year follow-up clinical symptoms and laboratory findings normalized. Radiographic findings regressed. Corticosteroids were tapered and stopped. Until now, the patient has been treated with hidroxychloroquine with no major symptoms and findings. DISCUSSION: Our patient was considered as sarcoidosis on the basis of compatible clinical, radiological findings and histopathological verification of noncaseating granulomas in mediastinal lymph node biopsy. Elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme also supported sarcoidosis diagnosis. On the other hand, diagnosis of SS was based on dry eye and dry mouth sympthoms, positive bilateral Schirmer's test, the presence of characteristic autoantibody (anti-Ro/SS-A) in addition to evident lymphocytic sialoadenitis in salivary gland biopsy (3). Sarcoidosis and SS share similar immunologic and histopathological features. Making a differential diagnosis between these two diseases may be difficult in cases that present with common clinical features. On the other hand, it was shown that the frequency of sarcoidosis is higher in patients with SS than in the general population (2). Immunologic profile with a high ANA, RF and anti-Ro/SS-A was shown to have an important role in differentiating between sarcoidosis mimicry or coexistence with SS in addition to biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize that both sarcoidosis and SS may coexist as illustrated in our case. Analysis of autoantibodies may be very helpful in making differential diagnosis or deciding their coexistence. Currently, the acceptance of sarcoidosis as an exclusion criteria for SS diagnosis may lead to under-diagnosis of SS in these cases. A revision for exclusion criteria of SS diagnosis might be necessary with this respect. Reference #1: Mansour MJ, et. al. Coexistence of Sjogren's syndrome and sarcoidosis: a report of five cases. J Oral Pathol Med 2007:36:337-341. Reference #2: Ramos-Casals M, et. al. Sarcoidosis or Sjogren Syndrome? Clues to defining mimicry or coexistence in 59 cases. Medicine 2004: 83: 85-95. Reference #3: Vitali C, et. al. Classification criteria for Sjogren's syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61:554-558. DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Asli Gorek Dilektasli, Ezgi Demirdogen Cetinoglu, Eda Durmus, Esra Uzaslan, Ercument Ege, Mehmet Karadag No Product/Research Disclosure Information

Psychological Screening Test Results for Stress, Depression, and Anxiety are Variably Associated With Clinical Severity of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Oral Lichen Planus

Article Title and Bibliographic Information The role of anxiety, depression, and psychological stress on the clinical status of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and oral lichen planus. Gavic L, Cigic L, Lukenda DB, Gruden V, Pokupec JSG. J Oral Pathol Med 2014;43(6):410-7. Reviewers Saad Alshahrani, MD, Lorena Baccaglini, DDS, MS, PhD Purpose/Question In patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) or oral lichen planus (OLP), is there a difference in severity of certain signs or symptoms comparing patients with higher vs. lower screening test results for psychological factors (stress, anxiety, and depression)? Source of Funding None stated Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation grade Not applicable

Quality of the Oral Screening Exam to Predict Lesion Persistence Is Dependent on Examiner Experience and May Be Marginally Improved With Fluorescence Visualization

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Influence of fluorescence on screening decisions for oral mucosal lesions in community dental practices. Laronde DM, Williams PM, Hislop TG, Poh C, Ng S, Bajdik C, Zhang L, MacAulay C, Rosin MP. J Oral Pathol Med 43(1):7-13. Reviewer Lauren L. Patton, DDS Purpose/Question The purpose was to determine the utility of a hand-held device measuring direct fluorescence visualization (FV) used by trained community dental practitioners as an aid in decision-making during clinical evaluation for cancer and other oral lesions and to test the hypothesis that FV is useful in facilitating the clinical decision to refer forward suspect lesions. Source of Funding This investigation was supported by USPHS grants R01DE13124 and R01DE17013 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA, and a Senior Graduate Studentship from the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research/BC Cancer Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Type of Study/Design Cohort study Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable

Oral squamous cell carcinoma positive for p16/human papilloma virus in post allogeneic stem cell transplantation: 2 cases and review of the literature

Complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) includes the risk of secondary malignancies. This may be related to mechanisms including radiation and chemotherapy regimens, chronic graft-versus-host disease, inflammation, and prolonged imunosuppression. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a complication associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allo-HSCT. Although human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be associated with OSCC, the role of HPV in development of OSCC in post-HSCT patients has not been studied. We identified 2 cases of OSCC in allo-HSCT recipients. Both biopsy specimens tested positive for p16(INK4A), a surrogate marker for HPV. We propose that the association of OSCC and HPV in patients after allo-HSCT may not be incidental. Clinical implications of these cases may imply the need for a HPV screening, early intervention, and consideration of anti-HPV vaccination in this population. The effectiveness of such interventions could be validated in a prospective clinical study.

THU0045 Targeting Inflammation in SjÖGren's Syndrome – Novel Micrornas as Potential Therapeutics

BackgroundSjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that affects mucous membranes particularly those of the exocrine glands, causing dry eyes and dry mouth. The exocrine glands...

Smoking Is an Independent Risk Factor for the Development of Oral Candidiasis (OC) in HIV-1 Infected Persons

Article title and bibliographic information Smoking as a risk factor for oral candidiasis in HIV-infected adults. Chattopadhyay A, Patton LL. J Oral Pathol Med 2013;42(4):302-08 . Reviewers Caroline H. Shiboski, DDS, MPH, PhD, Stephen C. Shiboski, PhD Purpose/Question Is smoking an independent risk factor for OC among adults with HIV/AIDS, and does smoking modify the relationship between OC and other important risk factors like CD4 cell count? Source of funding This investigation was supported by USPHS Grant 5T32DE07191, P30-HD27360, and R29DE11369 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Type of study/Design Cohort study Level of evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of recommendation grade Not applicable

OP228: Elucidating risk factors for oral leukoplakia affecting gingivae among a Japanese population

Purpose Population screening studies in Japanese have confirmed that oral leukoplakia (OL) affecting the gingivae (gingival leukoplakia: GL) is the most frequent location of OL. We investigated a cohort of patients with GL and their clinic-pathological features were compared with patients with OL affecting other sites (n-GL). Methods Among 204 subjects diagnosed with OL (GL:114, n-GL:90) during 09-11 in 4 city hospitals in Japan, 151(74%) subjects (GL:88, n-GL:63) (age: 64.4 ± 12.7) were recruited. OL was diagnosed by WHO criteria (Warnakulasuriya et al., J Oral Pathol Med, 2007). They were interviewed for risk factors and investigated by patch testing for dental materials, biopsy for dysplasia recording and detection of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) polymorphism in saliva by Real-Time PCR for SNP genotyping (rs671) and screened for HPV-DNA by GP5+/6+PCR from paraffin-embedded tissues among selected subjects ( n = 31). Results There were no significant differences by age (mean ages: GL, 65.9; n-GL, 62.3) or in tobacco and alcohol use in the two groups. Eighty-one percent of GL were seen in association with prosthesis and 27% close to amalgam fillings. Metal allergy test was positive in 58% of the GL but was not significantly higher compared to the n-GL (41%). Higher dysplasia grades were found in n-GL ( P = 0.018). Alcohol intolerance (flush reaction) was higher in n-GL (73%) ( P = 0.035). The homozygous ALDH2∗2/2 and 2∗1/2, which work less efficiently in alcohol metabolism was higher in n-GL (55%) than in GL (41%). HPV-DNA was not detected in any of the samples. Conclusions GL had lower dysplasia scores compared to n-GL, but the risk factors appear similar. Oral leukoplakia in n-GL may be associated with aberrant oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism in Japanese. There was no evidence to support a causal relationship between HPV-DNA detection and GL nor n-GL (Funded by Sasakawa GB Foundation).

Monocarpin and Doxycycline Combination Gel may be Effective for Treatment of Herpes Labialis

Article Title and Bibliographic Information A study of the clinical activity of a gel combining monocarpin and doxycycline: a novel treatment for herpes labialis. Skulason S, Holbrook WP, Thormar H, Gunnarsson GB, Kristmundsdottir T. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:61-7. Reviewer Punnya V. Angadi, BDS, MDS, DNB Purpose/Question To evaluate the antiviral and wound healing efficacy of a hydrogel containing monocarpin and doxycycline or monocarpin alone in the management of herpes labialis Source of Funding Icelandic Centre for Research and IADR/GSK Innovation in Oral Care Award 2005 Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Grade B: Inconsistent or limited quality patient-oriented evidence

Regional odontodysplasia: Orthodontic treatment and transplantation of premolars

Regional odontodysplasia is a rare and unique dental anomaly involving both dentitions, but mostly the teeth of 1 quadrant. This report describes the combined surgical and orthodontic treatment of a boy with regional odontodysplasia. The mandibular right central and lateral incisors and the canine (as well as the deciduous predecessors) were affected. In a 2-step procedure, the maxillary right and left second premolars were autotransplanted to the affected area. The extraction sites in the maxilla were closed, and a good functional occlusion was established.

Granular cell ameloblastoma showing desmoplasia

Our case of ameloblastoma had a surprisingly long 25 year history, with abnormally large dimensions, a multilocular diffuse-mixed radiographic picture, and was histopathologically diagnosed as granular cell ameloblastoma with desmoplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ameloblastoma ever reported, that has shown combined features of granular cells, desmoplasia, ameloblastic follicles, plexiform, and acanthomatous patterns. The nature of granular cells in this type of tumor and the significance of their presence have also been reviewed. From the studies on aameloblastomas to date, it seems that the old belief that granular cell ameblastoma is the most aggressive variant of ameloblastoma is a myth, and in all probability, granular cells are just a transitional or matured phase in the life cycle of ameloblastomas, starting with normal stellate reticulum-like cells, leading to a production of granules and finally leading to degeneration and formation of cystic areas.

MicroRNA155 in the growth and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma

The carcinogenesis mechanism of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary gland is poorly understood. MicroRNA155 (miRNA155) has been involved in the carcinogenesis of many malignant tumors. The present study aims to examine the role of miRNA155 in tumor growth and invasion of ACC. MiRNA155 expression was determined in ACC specimens along with normal salivary glands by quantitative PCR. Using ACC-2 cells as a model for ACC, cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay after knocking down miRNA155 expression, and cell cycle analysis was performed. Invasive capacity of ACC-2 cells was examined by a Transwell culture assay. The effect of miRNA155 on tumor growth was also examined in vivo using mouse models. The effect of miRNA155 on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/NF-κB was studied by quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. MiRNA155 was over-expressed in ACC. Proliferation of ACC-2 cells was markedly inhibited by knocking down miRNA155, resulting from a blockade of cell cycle in the G1 phase. Inhibition of miRNA155 significantly suppressed the invasive capacity of ACC-2 cells. In vivo growth of ACC-2 cell-derived tumors was significantly slower by inhibition of miRNA155. Inhibition of miRNA155 also resulted in decreased expression of EGFR and RelA (NF-κB). The results suggest that miRNA155 facilitates cell cycle progression and promotes invasion in ACC and that the EGFR/NF-κB pathway might participate in mediating the effects of miRNA155. This study has provided insights into the carcinogenic mechanisms of ACC and identified new targets for intervention of salivary ACC.