Oral Mucosa Research Articles

Preoperative Factors for Success of Robotic Ureteral Reconstruction for Distal Ureteral Strictures.

Introduction: To investigate preoperative predictors of surgical success for patients undergoing robotic ureteral reconstruction (RUR) for management of distal ureteral strictures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our multi-institutional Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery database to identify all consecutive patients undergoing RUR for surgical repair of distal ureteral strictures between 04/2012 and 12/2022. Procedures included refluxing reimplant (58.5%), side to side reimplant (18.0%), ureteroureterostomy (12.7%), non-refluxing reimplant (6.3%), buccal mucosa ureteroplasty (2.8%), and appendiceal bypass ureteroplasty (1.7%). Patients were grouped according to whether they were surgically successful. Preoperative variables between both groups were compared using chi-square tests. All variables with associations of p < 0.2 underwent a binary logistic regression analysis to determine predictive variables of success for RUR (p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant). Results: Overall, 284 patients met inclusion criteria. Univariate analysis showed obesity (p = 0.03), smoking history (p = 0.10), abdominopelvic radiation history (p = 0.14), immunocompromised state (p = 0.12), and ureteral rest (p = 0.01) were notable preoperative factors (p < 0.2). Binary logistic regression analysis further revealed the odds of surgical success in patients with obesity was 0.32 times (CI: 0.12-0.83, p = 0.02) the odds of success for patients without obesity. The odds of surgical success in patients who underwent preoperative ureteral rest was 4.2 times (CI: 1.51-11.77, p < 0.01) the odds of success for patients who did not undergo preoperative ureteral rest. Conclusion: Preoperative factors including obesity and ureteral rest may affect surgical success of RUR for management of distal ureteral strictures.

Comparative Analysis of Adaptation of Conventional and Printable Complete Denture Bases to the Underlying Casts - An In Vitro Stereomicroscopic Study.

Properly adapted complete denture bases will have adequate retention to the underlying oral mucosa. With technological advancement, there are various techniques of fabrication of complete dentures. There are studies regarding the marginal adaptation of conventional and CAD-CAM denture bases, but there is not enough research comparing the marginal adaptation and polymerisation shrinkage of conventional and 3D printed complete denture bases. In vitro study using stereomicroscopy to determine the marginal discrepancy between the denture base and the cast. Twelve gypsum casts were taken and divided into conventional and 3D-printed groups. Conventional denture bases were fabricated by adapting wax of 2 mm thickness which was subsequently processed whereas 3D printed bases were designed and the standard tessellation language (STL) files were used to print the denture bases. Three points were marked at the mid-palatal line and on both maxillary tuberosities. Digital images were then captured at the marked regions and were used to measure the maximum gap between the cast and denture base at the marked regions. Data were analysed using an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Conventional dentures had a significantly lesser marginal discrepancy than 3D printed dentures (P = 0.000). The left maxillary tuberosity showed the highest marginal discrepancy, significantly different from mid-palatal and right tuberosity sites. Conventional dentures perform better than their counterparts in terms of adaptation. This accurate adaptation is vital for the retention of the complete denture.

The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms for Detecting Genotoxicity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Metals: A Systematic Review.

The present study aims to provide a systematic review of studies on the essential and nonessential metal exposure at occupational level, genotoxicity, and polymorphisms and to answer the following questions: Are genetic polymorphisms involved in metal-induced genotoxicity? In this study, 14 publications were carefully analyzed in this setting. Our results pointed out an association between polymorphism and genotoxicity in individuals exposed to metals, because 13 studies (out of 14) revealed positive relations between genotoxicity and polymorphisms in xenobiotics metabolizing and DNA repair genes. Regarding the quality of these findings, they can be considered reliable, as the vast majority of the studies (12 out of 14) were categorized as strong or moderate in the quality assessment. Taken as a whole, occupational exposure to metals (essentials or not) induces genotoxicity in peripheral blood or oral mucosa cells. Additionally, professional individuals with certain genotypes may present higher or lower DNA damage as well as DNA repair potential, which will certainly impact the level of DNA damage in the occupational environment.

Development of a Multilayer Film Including the Soluble Eggshell Membrane Fraction for the Treatment of Oral Mucosa Lesions

Background/Objectives: Oral diseases causing mucosal lesions are normally treated with local or systemic anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial agents. The development of topical formulations, including wound-healing promoters, might speed up the recovery process, improving patients’ quality of life, and reduce the risk of deterioration in health conditions. In this study, a mucoadhesive multilayer film, including a novel biocompatible substance (solubilized eggshell membrane, SESM), was rationally designed. Methods: The SESM preparation procedure was optimized and its biological effects on cell proliferation and inflammation marker gene expression were evaluated in vitro; preformulation studies were conducted to identify the most promising polymers with film-forming properties; then, trilayer films, consisting of an outer layer including chlorhexidine digluconate as a model drug, a supporting layer and a mucoadhesive layer, incorporating SESM, were prepared using the casting method and their mechanical, adhesion and drug release control properties were evaluated. Results: SESM proved to possess a notable wound-healing capacity, inducing a wound closure of 84% in 24 h without inhibiting blood clotting. The films revealed a maximum detachment force from porcine mucosa of approx. 1.7 kPa and maximum in vivo residence time of approx. 200–240 min; finally, they released up to 98% of the loaded drug within 4 h. Conclusions: The formulated trilayer films were found to possess adequate properties, making them potentially suitable for protecting oral lesions and favoring their rapid healing, while releasing antimicrobial substances that might be beneficial in reducing the risk of bacterial infections.

The influence of professional oral hygiene on the indicators of local immunity

Professional oral hygiene is an important part of measures aimed at preventing and maintaining the patient’s health. Local immune response is the first barrier of immune protection capable of preventing infection diseases. The aim of the study - the influence of professional hygiene on the indicators of local immunity has been studied. The study involved two groups of patients: the first group included 19 individuals with chronic caries of varying depths (class I), and the second group comprised 15 individuals with moderate periodontal disease. To evaluate nonspecific oral protection, the index of natural colonization of the buccal epithelium and the activity of microbial adsorption by oral mucosal cells were assessed. Specific immunity was evaluated by measuring the concentration of immunoglobulins in unstimulated saliva. All indicators were recorded both before and after professional oral hygiene procedures. When studying the index of natural colonization of the buccal epithelium, it was found that professional cleaning in both groups led to normalization of the spectrum of bacteria adhered to the epithelium: there was a decrease in the amount of gram-negative microflora, atypical for this biotope, while maintaining a high adhesion index of gram-positive cocci. In persons with caries, before sanation, “unsatisfactory” resistance of oral mucosa was revealed in a third of the examined, after sanation, the number of such patients decreased by 3 times, with “satisfactory” resistance increased by 2 times. In the group with periodontal disease, all patients exhibited “unsatisfactory” mucosal resistance before the hygiene procedures. After sanitation, 20 % “unsatisfactory” resistance persisted. In the majority of patients (80 %), the resistance of the oral mucosa improved to “satisfactory”. The concentration of all classes of immunoglobulins in both groups before sanitation was significantly below the norm, after the measures taken, the indicators increased significantly and reached the level typical for healthy individuals. Carrying out professional cleaning of the teeth leads to the normalization of local immune status even without additional medical immunocorrection.

Caspofungin formulations for buccal and sublingual mucosae anti-fungal infections: physicochemical characterization, rheological analysis, release and ex vivo permeability profiles

Aim Oral candidiasis is often challenging due to limited effectiveness of topical treatments. This study aimed to develop novel caspofungin formulations for administration onto the oral mucosa to enhance drug retention and efficacy. Method Five caspofungin (2%, w/v) formulations were developed to assess their permeability, retention and mucoadhesiveness. Ex vivo permeability assays were performed on buccal and sublingual mucosae, and histological analyses conducted to evaluate tissue tolerance. Results Formulation composed of chitosan demonstrated the highest retention in both buccal (5183.24 ± 587.32 µg/cm2) and sublingual (1090.72 ± 110.26 µg/cm2) mucosae. Other formulations exhibited significantly lower retention, ranging from 7.53 ± 0.81 to 1852.10 ± 193.24 µg/cm2 in buccal mucosa and 1.64 ± 0.14 to 317.74 ± 31.78 µg/cm2 in sublingual mucosa. Chitosan-based formulation exhibited the highest mucoadhesive strength, with values of 5179.05 ± 31.99 mN/cm2 for buccal and 7026.10 ± 123.41 mN/cm2 for sublingual mucosae, and also superior extensibility, which facilitates application in the oral cavity. All formulations showed antifungal activity against Candida spp., and histological analyses revealed minor epithelial alterations. Conclusion The developed formulations offer distinct advantages for treating oral candidiasis, with chitosan formulation emerging as the most promising due to its superior retention, mucoadhesion force, and spreadability, making it a potential candidate for further clinical investigation.

Sarcoidosis: oral manifestations (case report)

Relevance. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown origin, commonly presenting with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, and involvement of the eyes, skin, gums, and oral mucosa. This clinical case illustrates the oral manifestations of this rare systemic disease. Gingival hypertrophy and soft tissue lesions on the lip mucosa were the initial signs of the condition. Following an extended diagnostic process, the patient underwent treatment by both a dentist and a rheumatologist, leading to a stable remission of the disease.Case description. This article presents a clinical case of sarcoidosis manifesting in the mouth as gingival hypertrophy and a soft tissue lesion on the upper lip. In most cases, a diagnosis of sarcoidosis is made before any oral symptoms appear. Diagnosing a systemic disease based on primary oral symptoms poses a unique challenge, as dental professionals may not always be familiar with the oral manifestations of systemic conditions. In cases of suspected sarcoidosis, the oral mucosa should be thoroughly examined, and systemic sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of granulomatous lesions in the mouth.Conclusion. Early initiation of treatment can significantly improve the patient's quality of life and prognosis.

Development and Characterization of a Three-Dimensional Organotypic In Vitro Oral Cancer Model with Four Co-Cultured Cell Types, Including Patient-Derived Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts.

Background/Objectives: Cancer organoids have emerged as a valuable tool of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures to investigate tumor heterogeneity and predict tumor behavior and treatment response. We developed a 3D organotypic culture model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to recapitulate the tumor-stromal interface by co-culturing four cell types, including patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (PD-CAFs). Methods: A stainless-steel ring was used twice to create the horizontal positioning of the cancer stroma (adjoining normal oral mucosa connective tissue) and the OSCC layer (surrounding normal oral mucosa epithelial layer). Combined with a structured bi-layered model of the epithelial component and the underlying stroma, this protocol enabled us to construct four distinct portions mimicking the oral cancer tissue arising in the oral mucosa. Results: In this model, α-smooth muscle actin-positive PD-CAFs were localized in close proximity to the OSCC layer, suggesting a crosstalk between them. Furthermore, a linear laminin-γ2 expression was lacking at the interface between the OSCC layer and the underlying stromal layer, indicating the loss of the basement membrane-like structure. Conclusions: Since the specific 3D architecture and polarity mimicking oral cancer in vivo provides a more accurate milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME), it could be crucial in elucidating oral cancer TME.

Development of an Oral Epithelial Ex Vivo Organ Culture Model for Biocompatibility and Permeability Assessment of Biomaterials.

In the present study, a customized device (Epi-ExPer) was designed and fabricated to facilitate an epithelial organ culture, allowing for controlled exposure to exogenous chemical stimuli and accommodating the evaluation of permeation of the tissue after treatment. The Epi-ExPer system was fabricated using a stereolithography (SLA)-based additive manufacturing (AM) method. Human and porcine oral epithelial mucosa tissues were inserted into the device and exposed to resinous monomers commonly released by dental restorative materials. The effect of these xenobiotics on the morphology, viability, permeability, and expression of relevant markers of the oral epithelium was evaluated. Tissue culture could be performed with the desired orientation of air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions, and exposure to xenobiotics was undertaken in a spatially guarded and reproducible manner. Among the selected monomers, HEMA and TEGDMA reduced tissue viability at high concentrations, while tissue permeability was increased by the latter. Xenobiotics affected the histological image by introducing the vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells and increasing the expression of panCytokeratin (pCK). Epi-ExPer device offers a simple, precise, and reproducible study system to evaluate interactions of oral mucosa with external stimuli, providing a biocompatibility and permeability assessment tool aiming to an enhanced in vitro/ex vivo-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) that complies with European Union (EU) and Food and Durg Administration (FDI) policies.

Anti-modified protein antibodies can be detected in saliva, but not in intestinal secretions of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients - evidence of site-specific mucosal autoantibody secretion in RA.

Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) have been detected in sputum and saliva, indicating that anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA) can be produced at mucosal sites in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, the body's largest mucosal compartment, the gut, has not yet been examined. We therefore investigated the presence of several AMPA (antibodies against citrullinated (ACPA), carbamylated (anti-CarP) and acetylated (AAPA) proteins) at different mucosal sites, including the intestinal tract. Paired fecal/ileal wash, saliva and serum samples of RA patients and healthy volunteers were collected in two independent cohorts. Data involving feces was replicated in a third cohort. In these secretions AMPA were analyzed using in-house ELISA with unmodified peptides as control. In fecal samples total IgA and anti-E. coli IgA were measured. ACPA, anti-CarP and AAPA IgA were measurable in saliva of seropositive RA patients (prevalence 9-40%). No AMPA could be detected in feces. IgA was present since total IgA and anti-E. coli IgA was detectable in feces of ACPA-positive RA patients and healthy donors. Results were confirmed in another cohort using colonoscopically collected ileal wash samples. Our study shows the presence of ACPA, anti-CarP and AAPA IgA in saliva of ACPA-seropositive RA patients. However, no AMPA could be detected in feces/ileal wash samples of these patients, although our assays were able to measure other antigen-specific antibodies. These data suggest that mucosal autoantibody secretion may occur in the oral mucosa of RA patients, while no evidence could be found for this process in the lower gastro-intestinal tract.

Stromal Expression Profiling Reveals Immune-Driven Adaption to Malignancy in Canine Melanoma Subtypes.

Canine mucosal melanoma (CMM) is the most common oral malignancy in dogs and is significantly more aggressive than its cutaneous counterpart (CCM), yet the reasons for this disparity remain unclear. Cancer-associated stroma (CAS) plays a crucial role in tumour progression, but a detailed understanding of CAS in canine melanoma is missing. To assess stromal reprogramming, we analysed CAS from 21 CMM, 14 CCM and normal stroma from 10 skin and 9 oral mucosa samples by laser-capture microdissection followed by RNA sequencing. Results were assessed in relation to subtypes, prognostic factors including mitotic count (MC), ulceration, necrosis, pigmentation and immune cell infiltration (CD3, CD20 and CD68), scored using immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridisation. Stromal reprogramming was evident in both subtypes but significantly more pronounced in CMM. Immune-excluded tumours exhibited higher MC than desert/cold ones. MC strongly correlated with genes associated with B-cells, T-helper cells and CTLA4 in CCM, suggesting CAS reprogramming to depend on tumour malignancy. Finally, we identify an immune-suppressive stromal signature in a subset of CMM characterised by the downregulation of key immune checkpoints and pathways. Together, these findings provide a solid foundation for understanding the role of CAS in canine melanoma, specific to cutaneous and mucosal subtypes.

Prevalence and Pattern of Labial Frenal Attachments in Adult Nigerians - a Pilot Study

Introduction The frenum is a band of mucous membrane which connects the lips and cheeks to the alveolar mucosa, underlying periosteum, or the gingiva with a primary function of stabilizing the lips and tongue. There are variations of frenal attachment and morphologies, some associated with health, others resulting to loss of periodontium. This study therefore aims to assess the various attachments and morphologies within our study population. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Oral Diagnosis and Periodontology clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba among participants who reported to both clinics. Convenience sampling method was employed in participants’ selection, and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used for data collection and documentation of socio-demographic variables, and findings of intra-oral examination. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional Health Research Ethics Committee and informed consent was obtained from each participant. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 27. P values &lt; 0.05 were statistically significant. Results The study comprised 337 participants, 203 (60.2%) were females. Mean age was 34.6±15.2 years. The frenal attachment distribution in the maxilla was mucosal 204 (60.5%), gingival 105 (31.2%), papillary 23 (6.8%), and papillary penetrating 5 (1.5%);while in the mandible, 233 (69.1%), 92 (27.3%), 9 (2.7%) and 3 (0.9%) presented with mucosal, gingival, papillary, and papillary penetrating frenal attachment respectively. Simple frenum was the most prevalent frenum morphology in the maxilla [328 (97.3%)] and the mandible [321 (95.2%)], followed by trifid frenum in both maxilla [5 (1.5%)] and mandible [4 (1.2%)]. Diastema was present in 27.6% in maxilla and 11.0% in the mandible. Conclusion In this study, mucosal type was predominant among all age groups. Males presented more with gingival and mucosal type of frenal insertion, while females presented more with papillary type of frenal insertion. Papillary and/or papillary penetrating were significantly associated with the presence of diastema.

Successful therapeutic management of canine oral papillomatosis using analogous autohaemotherapy

A five months old, male Beagle pup with several cauliflower-like outgrowths on oral mucous membrane and lips was brought to University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkalai. The growths were rounded, moist, pink in colour and with a narrow stalk. Resection of two growths was done under local anaesthesia and subjected to histopathology, which revealed proliferation of keratinized squamous cell epithelium with fibovascular stalk, indicating papillomas. Based upon the clinical signs and histopathology result, the disease was diagnosed as canine oral papillomatosis. Analogous autohaemotherapy (AHT) was selected as the method of therapeutic management. Resolution of the papillomas started within a week of administration of 5 mL of the animals’s own blood as intramuscular injection, and complete recovery occurred within one month. This article discusses AHT for canine oral papillomatosis along with its hematological and histopathological results. Keywords: Canine papillomatosis, analogous autohaemotherapy, wart, canine oral papilloma virus

Puffed-Cheek CT Improved Evaluation of Buccal Mucosal Neoplasm in Contest to Conventional CT Scan

Background: Oral cancer is a frequent cancer in our country, most people are affected by this cancer are older age. Accurate evaluation of this cancer difficult due to close proximity of bones and soft tissue. So for improve diagnostic accuracy Puffed cheek maneuver should be used with traditional Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT).Objective: To determine the improved diagnostic accuracy of Puffed cheek Computed Tomography (PCCT) in evaluation of buccal mucosa tumors in contest to non puffed cheek Computed Tomography.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Radiology and Imaging department of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital from 2022(January) to 2023(July). Cases were referred from different department. After meeting the inclusion criteria patients were subjected for CT scan. Imaging was performed from paranasal sinus and neck region with axial sections from pituitary fossa to arch of aorta, after injection of intravenous iodinated contrast media, multiplanar sagittal, coronal reformation images were obtained. Puffed cheek manoeuvre was performed to separate gingival and oral buccal mucosa in all the cases for improved detailed evaluation. The CT result were then compared with non puffed cheek scans results. Results: Among 30 patients 7 cases were missed by conventional CT scan, thirteen patients showed a mass in the oral cavity that were inseparable from 2 mucosal surfaces. Puffed-cheek images clearly showed the mass and surface of tumor involvement. Other 10 patients in conventional CT showed mass in the margins of tongue, oral cavity but extension and infiltration of surrounding structures by the lesion could not be well delineated, puffed-cheek images clearly showed the specific location, extension, adjacent muscles and other structures infiltration. Conclusion: Puffed cheek CT gives better performance to diagnosis the small buccal mucosal tumors, any irregularity, thickening, more detailing of mucosal surface of oral cavity than conventional CT scan, so can helps in choosing the management &amp; surgical approach also. KYAMC Journal Volume: 15, No: 01, April 2024: 29-32.

Dermatographia in oral cavity unveiled: A case study

Dermatographia is a form of physical urticaria, quite uncommon in oral cavity characterized by elevated skin following localized erythema, oedema, and a flare-up reaction around it. It is usually induced by any blunt object or minor trauma and usually does not affect the routine life of the patient. Here we present a case report of a 20 year old male with the chief complaint of elevation on skin from a blunt object. On his physical examination with the consent of the patient we induced the condition in the department by asking the patient to write the letter ‘D’ on his flexural arm using the blunt end of the pen. After 5 min, the elevations on his skin began to appear which raised drastically with time. It remained on the skin for about an hour and then fainted on it’s own over time. During intraoral examination we also induced similar strokes on his buccal mucosa and surprisingly a linear elevation was produced along the line of blunt pen which was reddish in colou. No treatment was provided as the condition did not affect the quality life of the patient. Pharmacological therapy may include oral antihistamines, such as cetirizine or loratadine, to alleviate pruritus and reduce the frequency of wheal formation. Topical corticosteroids, such as triamcinolone acetonide or betamethasone, can be applied to affected sites for localized anti-inflammatory effects. In Ayurveda, the use of internal Ayurvedic medicines like, ‘Aragwadha amritadi kashaya’, ‘Ayaskriti’, ‘Varanadi kashaya’ and ‘Dashamoola hareetaki’ are recommended along with dietary restrictions and life style changes.

Epstein Barr Virus Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer versus Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Challenges in Diagnosis

Abstract Introduction/Objective Epstein- Barr virus positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is a clinicopathologic entity first identified in 2010. It occurs in patients with immunosuppression and presents as a well circumscribed ulceration on the oropharyngeal mucosa, skin or gastrointestinal tract. Infiltrates of atypical lymphoid cells that may have appearances similar to Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) or Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL) are seen. Methods/Case Report A 41 year old male patient with history of HIV infection presented with hematochezia and rectal pain, underwent sigmoidoscopy and a large ulcerated mass was present at the anal verge. Polymorphic infiltrates of small lymphoid cells, eosinophils, granulocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes and scattered large atypical lymphoid cells, morphologically mimicking Reed-Sternberg cells were identified. The large atypical lymphoid cells were positive for CD30, MUM-1, BCL-6, EBER (EBV) and negative for CD3, CD15, CD20, CD45, CD79a, SOX-10. Based on lack of B-symptoms, no lymphadenopathy, superficial lesions, reduced CD4/CD8 ratio and specific location, EBVMCU was favored. Eight months later, he presented with night sweats, decreased appetite and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Lymph node excision displayed infiltrates of predominantly small lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. Foci of scattered large atypical cells morphologically compatible with Hodgkin/Reed Sternberg cells with focal necrosis were noted. The atypical cells were positive for CD30, PAX5 (weak), CD20 (subset), CD15 (focal), MUM-1 and EBV-EBER. CHL, Mixed Cellularity Subtype was diagnosed. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion As a newer entity, we don’t know if EBVMCU can co-exist with or progress to CHL/DLBCL. Therefore, EBVMCU patients should undergo vigilant screening.

Mucous membrane pemphigoid with oral mucosa manifestations: case report

Mucous membrane pemphigoid with oral mucosa manifestations: case report

EFEITO ANTIFÚNGICO DE FITOTERÁPICOS FRENTE A CANDIDA ALBICANS E CANDIDA GLABRATA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) develop as a result of factors that are primarily the vulnerability of the compromised immune system. Among the main fungi that cause IFIs lies Candida sp., which has non-pathogenic control in the body, except when there is an imbalance in the human microbiota. Therefore, in the quest to contain oral fungal origins, bioactives have been used as antifungals, as essential oils can be obtained from plants that have aromatic substances with antifungal action. Being, phytotherapy a low cost alternative and natural effect in the treatment of these diseases. The objective was to analyze the antifungal properties and toxicity of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on strains of Candida Albicans ATCC® 18804™; Candida glabrata ATCC® 728™. This is an integrative review study that used the following descriptors: “Fungicidal activity of ginger”, “Candida albicans”, “Candida glabrata”, “Oral mucosa” and “Oral candidiasis”. Through the analysis of the results of the articles, we showed that the development of resistant strains has the ability to form biofilms, which makes the treatment even more difficult, but the use of ginger extract, in a specific amount, is capable of eliminating C. albicans and C. glabrata from root canals.

Disseminated histoplasmosis in a Congolese migrant under long term steroid hormone replacement therapy.

We report a disseminated histoplasmosis in a Congolese migrant under long term steroid hormone replacement therapy. Organs involved were the skin, oral and nose mucosae, brain, lungs, colon. Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum was detected by histopathology and identified by fungal culture. Outcome was favourable following liposomal amphotericin B then itraconazole.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Pre-Malignant Oral Lesions and their Related Factors in an Iranian Population: A Registry-Based Study

Background: Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) can lead to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The sixth most common cancer in the world is OSCC. This study aimed to describe the demographical and clinical characteristics of OPMD patients and their risk factors registered at the Oral Medicine Department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School in 2019-2021. Methods: The observational-analytical study was conducted using the dental records of 96 consecutive patients using a web-based registration software (OPMDs registry). Information including demographics and clinical features, the type of OPMD, and risk factors were extracted. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, T-test, and Fisher’s exact test with SPSS version 21. Results: In this study, 96 patients (average age: 52.41±14.87) including 52 women and 44 men, participated. The most common OPMDs comprised 69 Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and 15 leukoplakia. The most common location of lesions was the buccal mucosa (74%) with erosions and plaques being the most common morphology types. Most patients with leukoplakia were male, however, majority of the patients with OLP were female (p=0.001). In patients with leukoplakia, 66.5% were smokers; hence, a significant relationship between smoking and OPMD was observed (p=0.001). Patients with OLP commonly presented with burning symptoms, while patients with leukoplakia were mostly asymptomatic (p=0.004). Conclusion: A significant relationship was observed between gender, clinical symptoms, location of lesions, morphology, and type of OPMDs. Most patients with OPMDs were women with OLP in their buccal mucosa, suffering from burning sensation.