Pathology Of Oral Mucosa Research Articles

Консультация терапевтом стоматологического пациента с поражением слизистой оболочки полости рта. Когда, зачем, о чем?

Oral mucosal pathology is a significant problem in stomatology due to the complexity of a differential diagnosis and often requires the systemic therapy of it. Therefore, it is not uncommon for patients with diseases of the oral mucosa to be referred to a therapeutic physician to find the etiological factor of oral mucosa disease and to choose the systemic therapy. However, the purpose of the consultation and the capacity of the therapist’s physician in such situations may be interpreted differently by stomatologists and therapists. There is an example of the patient with lichen planus. The main tasks of the therapist consultation in this case are: to provide a general clinical examination of the possible somatic manifestations of the lichen planus autoimmune process, to evaluate the therapy to exclude possible influence some of the medication to the lesion of oral mucosal or progression lichen planus, to assess the general condition of the patient in order to select the treatment regimens using systemic corticosteroids and risk factors for the development of side effects of this therapy.

Manifestations of systemic connective tissue diseases on the oral mucosa: a literature review

Annotation. Despite the modern high level of medical care, autoimmune connective tissue diseases cause a lot of questions among scientists and are a significant problem for society. At the same time, in the scientific works available today, little attention is paid to the manifestations of connective tissue diseases in the oral cavity and modern diagnostics of the main types of dental pathology in such patients, which would have great scientific and practical importance. Therefore, the purpose of the review article was to perform an analysis of the scientific literature regarding orofacial manifestations of autoimmune connective tissue diseases. When using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and various combinations of keywords and subject headings of MESH such as “oral manifestations”, “oral mucosal lesions”, “autoimmune diseases”, “rheumatic diseases”, “connective tissue diseases”, “systemic lupus erythematosus”, “rheumatoid arthritis”, “systemic sclerosis”, “Sjögren’s syndrome”, “dermatomyositis”, 40 articles were chosen, which corresponded to the purpose of the study. The search results indicate that there is a direct correlation between the duration of the main disease and the severity of oral symptoms. Pronounced hyposalivation and dryness of oral mucosa are the most similar common signs of autoimmune diseases, which contributes to functional disorders and diseases of oral cavity. Oral manifestations are quite often a side effect of the treatment of connective tissue diseases. The pathology of oral mucosa in autoimmune diseases remains not well-understood, so makes it difficult to clarify its pathogenesis in detail, that would allow for the development of justified measures of prevention and treatment.

Immune-mediated oral mucosal pathology: a comprehensive review and update for clinicians. Part I.

The oral mucosa can be involved in a wide variety of mucocutaneous conditions that may present primarily in the mouth or affect other cutaneous or mucosal sites. Many of these conditions are immune mediated and typically present as inflammatory mucosal pathology. Patients experiencing such conditions usually seek medical evaluation and treatment due to the associated pain and discomfort and occasionally taste disturbance or dysphagia and the overall deterioration in the oral health-related quality of life. These conditions share some common features and there could be some overlapping in their clinical presentation, which can lead to delays in diagnosis and proper management of patients. Clinicians dealing with such disorders, including dermatologists, need to be aware of the oral manifestations of mucocutaneous conditions, their clinical features, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options, as well as the recent advances in the research on these conditions. This review provides a comprehensive, evidence-based reference for clinicians, with updated insights into a group of immune mediated conditions known to cause oral mucosal pathology. Part one will cover oral lichen planus, erythema multiforme and systemic lupus erythematosus, while part two will cover pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, in addition to the less common disorders linear IgA disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and epidermolysis bullosa.

Histological characterization of the human masticatory oral mucosa. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study.

Histology of human oral mucosa is closely related with its function and anatomical location, and a proper characterization of the human masticatory oral mucosa could be very useful in periodontal pathology. In the present work, we have carried out a comprehensive study in order to determine the main histological features of parakeratinized (POM) and orthokeratinized (OOM) masticatory human oral mucosa using light and electron microscopy. To perform this, we have used several histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to detect key markets at the epithelial, basement membrane and connective tissue levels. Our results demonstrated that POM and OOM share many histological similarities, as expected. However, important differences were observed at the epithelial layer of POM, that was significantly thicker than the epithelial layer found in OOM, especially due to a higher number of cells at the stratum spinosum. The expression pattern of CK10 and filaggrin revealed intense signal expression in OOM as compared to POM. Collagen and proteoglycans were more abundant in OOM stroma than in POM. No differences were found for blood vessels and basement membrane. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the pathological conditions affecting the human masticatory oral mucosa. In addition, these findings could be useful for the generation of different types of oral mucosa by tissue engineering techniques. Microscopical features of parakeratinized and orthokeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa showed important differences at both, epithelial and stromal levels. Parakeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa exert thicker epithelial layer, especially, at the stratum spinosum in comparison to orthokeratinized human oral mucosa. Cytokeratin 10 and filaggrin human epithelial markers were intensively expressed in orthokeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa in comparison to parakeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa. At the stromal level, orthokeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa exhibit higher levels of collagen and proteoglycans than parakeratinized masticatory oral mucosa. The deep knowledge of histological features of masticatory oral mucosa could lead to a better understanding of oral mucosa pathology and advanced treatments.

Acquisition and annotation in high resolution in vivo digital biopsy by confocal microscopy for diagnosis in oral precancer and cancer.

Scanned fibre endomicroscopes are full point-scanning confocal microscopes with submicron lateral resolution with an optical slice thickness thin enough to isolate individual cell layers, allow active positioning of the optical slice in the z-axis and collection of megapixel images. Here we present descriptive findings and a brief atlas of an acquisition and annotation protocol high resolution in vivo capture of oral mucosal pathology including oral squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia using a fluorescence scanned fibre endomicroscope with 3 topical fluorescent imaging agents: fluorescein, acriflavine and PARPi-FL. Digital biopsy was successfully performed via an acquisition protocol in seventy-one patients presenting for investigation of oral mucosal abnormalities using a miniaturized, handheld scanned fibre endoscope. Multiple imaging agents were utilized and multiple time points sampled. Fifty-nine patients had a matched histopathology correlating in location with imaging. The images were annotated back to macrographic location using a purpose-built software, MouthMap™. Acquisition and annotation of cellular level resolved images was demonstrated with all 3 topical agents. Descriptive observations between clinically or histologically normal oral mucosa showed regular intranuclear distance, a regular nuclear profile and fluorescent homogeneity. This was dependent on the intraoral location and type of epithelium being observed. Key features of malignancy were a loss of intranuclear distance, disordered nuclear clustering and irregular nuclear fluorescence intensity and size. Perinuclear fluorescent granules were seen in the absence of irregular nuclear features in lichenoid inflammation. High resolution oral biopsy allows for painless and rapid capture of multiple mucosal sites, resulting in more data points to increase diagnostic precision. High resolution digital micrographs can be easily compared serially across multiple time points utilizing an annotation software. In the present study we have demonstrated realization of a high-resolution digital biopsy protocol of the oral mucosa for utility in the diagnosis of oral cancer and precancer..

Oral cavity health and remedy options to stimulate epithelization of oral mucosa

Oral mucosa is an inner lining of oral cavity, which maintains different functions including protection of epithelial integrity. Pathology of oral mucosa can develop in response to the action of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, and various traumatic factors; it can be a result of systemic pathology of a patient as well. Pain and discomfort usually accompanies such conditions leading to decrease of patient wellbeing. The basis of the pharmacological regulation of the regeneration process is the stimulation of wound healing.
 The aim is to summarize and discuss the spectrum of remedy options that are used to stimulate epithelization of oral mucosa. The overall goal of the paper is to provide full and comprehensive information for dentists and their patients about medicament variety, ways of theirs application and dosage.
 Methods. Relevant literature from MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and in open access journals which are published by Elsevier was selected using the following key words «oral mucosa», «epithelization», and «remedy» were used in various combinations by the year of 2023. In total there were found 48 papers. To the selected scientific papers we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to choose the relevant ones.
 Conclusions. A significant number of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity are available nowadays on dental market. Numerous studies substantiates the effectiveness of their use in dentistry. Therefore, when choosing pharmacological drugs, preference is given to drugs with a complex effect, which locally affect various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of the occurrence of diseases and do not disturb human wellbeing.

Oral mucosa diseases in seafarers during long voyages, their treatment and prevention : prospective study

OBJECTIVE: To detect oral mucous membrane disease of the mouth, lips and tongue in seafarers on long voyage, to evaluate preventive measures and treatment effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was a dental examination of 169 men, aged 22-52 on long voyage, who got full treatment and preventive measures of oral rehabilitation in the pre-deployment period in a time manner. The seafarers were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included 57 seamen, who were part of the crew. The 2nd group consisted of 112 men, who were training and had the first long voyage. The oral mucosa diagnosis was based on a clinic examination. When identifying pathology, treatment was provided and there were anti-relapse measures after its completion, which were possible given the people on board on long voyage. RESULTS: It was found that the structure of oral mucosa is quite different among people of the 1st and 2nd groups. The pathology among the crew occurred more often due to the autoimmune component of pathogenesis in 5,26% and 0,9% cases respectively, while the people in the 2nd group, being on long voyage as part of their training, experienced infectious oral mucosa pathology (12,28% and 15,32% respectively) significantly more often, and also lesions of the lips due to meteorological factors in 8,77% and 10,81% cases accordingly. DISCUSSION: The article discusses the treatment of meteorological cheilitis, the fracture of the vermilion border of the lip, Vincent disease, herpetic fever and chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis with the use of domestic medicine for topical application. CONCLUSION: On long voyage 26,04% seafarers had cases of oral mucosa, among which most frequently diagnosed ones were infectious diseases, pathology due to meteorological factors, and also diseases with the autoimmune component of pathogenesis. In all cases domestic medicine for topical application was used to reveal pathology of oral mucosa, and further, to prevent its recurrence that allowed to achieve a good therapeutic result and to avoid recurrence of oral mucosa disease, typical for seafarers during a 9-month voyage.

Evaluation of the diagnostic ability of oral lesions on clinical images among undergraduate dental students.

The dentist should be able to carry out systematic oral examinations of the mucosa of patients in order to diagnose any alterations at an early stage. An observational, analytical, prospective, and longitudinal study was carried out. 161 students were evaluated at the beginning of their clinical practice in their 4th year of dental school (September 2019), at the beginning and at the end of their 5th year of dental school (June 2021). Thirty oral lesions were projected, and the students were asked to provide an answer; if the lesions were benign, malignant, or potentially malignant, whether they should be biopsied and/or treated and a presumptive diagnosis. Significant improvement (p < .001) was obtained between the 2019 and 2021 results, in relation to the classification, need for biopsy and treatment of lesions. For differential diagnosis, no significant difference (p = .985) was obtained between the 2019 and 2021 responses. Malignant lesions and PMD obtained mixed results, with the best results corresponding to OSCC. In this study, a correct lesion classification by the students was over 50%. As for the OSCC, the results were superior to the rest of the images, reaching more than 95% correct. Theoretical-practical training from universities and continuing education for graduates in relation to oral mucosal pathologies should be further promoted.

Oral Mucosa Status in Patients with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis.

There are reports in the literature of interrelationships between chronic kidney disease and periodontitis pathophysiology; similar risk factors play a role in these conditions. Due to chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients on hemodialysis (HD) are more susceptible to developing pathological processes in the gingiva, periodontium, and oral mucosa. This study aimed to evaluate the condition of the oral cavity, with particular attention to lesions of the oral mucosa of patients with end-stage renal disease in Poland, West Pomeranian Voivodship. A case-control study assessed oral health in 200 Polish subjects, including 100 dialysis-station patients who constituted the study group (HD) and 100 healthy patients who formed the control group (K). The physical examination consisted of a general medical and dental history. Evaluation of the oral mucosa included detailed noting of the type of lesions, nature of complaints, and their location. The results showed a higher prevalence of oral lesions highlighting oral mucosal pathology in patients with HD than in group K. Most common symptoms reported by patients with CKD (HD) were xerostomia, taste disorders, and burning mouth. These findings highlight the need to implement comprehensive multispecialty care in patients with chronic systemic diseases.

Oral lichen planus pemphigoid : a case report of a rare disease treated by topical Tacrolimus mouthwash and Hydroxychloroquine

Introduction: Oral Lichen Planus Pemphigoid (LPP) is the rare association of lichen planus and Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) whose therapeutic lines are poorly defined. Bilateral and symmetrical reticulated white lesions characteristic of lichen planus (LP) most often precede the painful post-bullous ulcerations of pemphigoid (P). The oral LPP is very rare and the treatment is not codified. This report described a rare case of oral LPP, successfully treated with an original combo of topical Tacrolimus and hydroxychloroquine. Observation: A 72 yr old patient was referred to the unit of the oral mucosa pathology and oro-facial pain, of the oral surgery service of Bordeaux hospital. He has painful mouth ulcerations accompanied by reticulated and symmetrical white lesions. A biopsy to perform an anatomopathological examination and a direct immunofluorescence founds the anatomopathological characteristics of LP and P.As first line of treatment, local and general corticosteroid therapy was undertaken to reduce inflammation. The result was not totally satisfactory. As second line of treatment topical Tacrolimus and hydroxychloroquine made it possible to reduce drastically the patient's erosive and ulcerated lesions. Conclusion: The combination of topical tacrolimus and HCQ should be considerated as second line of treatment for LPP resistant to corticotherapy.

Manifestation of diseases of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity sick children with COVID-19

As we made sure, with the spread of the coronavirus infection, the number of the oral mucosa diseases caused by COVID-19 is also growing. Effective diagnosis with rational pharmacotherapy of the oral mucosa pathology caused by this new pandemic is serious problem for dentists. In this article, on the basis of clinical-laboratory methods, diagnostics and treatment of the oral mucosa diseases were carried out in 43 patients which had previously undergone COVID19. Oral examination results in patients with Coronavirus mutations show a variety of oral manifestations. The obtained research data clearly showed the necessity and advisability of including a dental examination in this category of patients after their clinical recovery. Extremely severe acute respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The SARS-CoV2 virus is distinguished by its ability to infect various organs both through direct infection and through the body's immune response. This disease downstream can occur both in mild and severe form. One of the frequent complications is the development of viral pneumonia. Coronavirus can also infect the oral mucosa. The pathogenic agent enters the body due to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is localized both on the surface of the alveoli and lung structures, and on the epithelial cells of the oral cavity, where it begins to actively multiply. In connection with the spread of a new coronavirus infection, the number of diseases of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity is steadily growing.

Oral and Systemic Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Exploring the Association

OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with variety of clinical and oral mucosal presentations. Our study aimed to record all those oral pathological changes which occur in patients of SLE and observe the associations between the clinical signs and oral disease status. METHODOLOGY: Present study was conducted in Rheumatology Department of Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan. Consecutive sampling was done, and 130 diagnosed patients with SLE of both genders and all ages were recruited in the study after getting written informed consent. Patients with any comorbid conditions were excluded from the study. Detailed clinical and oral examinations were performed, and relevant disease findings were recorded. Associations between oral and clinical manifestations were computed through chi-squared test of significance keeping the confidence level at 95%. RESULTS: Out of 130 patients, 115 were females and 15 were males. Mean age of patients reported with SLE was 31.65 ± 9.5 years. Arthritis was the most common clinical finding followed by photosensitivity. Among the oral pathologies, oral ulcers, xerostomia, gingivitis, glossitis, mucositis, gingival bleeding, and hyperplasia were observed. Nephritis was associated with most oral manifestations, followed by psychosis, hair loss and skin rash. CONCLUSIONS: SLE has a strong component of oral mucosal pathologies. The most common skin findings were rash, followed by photosensitivity and arthritis. Commonest oral manifestation was oral ulceration present and past. Significant associations were found between certain oral and systemic manifestations. KEYWORDS: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Oral, Ulcer

Improvement of Mucosal Lesion Diagnosis with Machine Learning Based on Medical and Semiological Data: An Observational Study.

Despite artificial intelligence used in skin dermatology diagnosis is booming, application in oral pathology remains to be developed. Early diagnosis and therefore early management, remain key points in the successful management of oral mucosa cancers. The objective was to develop and evaluate a machine learning algorithm that allows the prediction of oral mucosa lesions diagnosis. This cohort study included patients followed between January 2015 and December 2020 in the oral mucosal pathology consultation of the Toulouse University Hospital. Photographs and demographic and medical data were collected from each patient to constitute clinical cases. A machine learning model was then developed and optimized and compared to 5 models classically used in the field. A total of 299 patients representing 1242 records of oral mucosa lesions were used to train and evaluate machine learning models. Our model reached a mean accuracy of 0.84 for diagnostic prediction. The specificity and sensitivity range from 0.89 to 1.00 and 0.72 to 0.92, respectively. The other models were proven to be less efficient in performing this task. These results suggest the utility of machine learning-based tools in diagnosing oral mucosal lesions with high accuracy. Moreover, the results of this study confirm that the consideration of clinical data and medical history, in addition to the lesion itself, appears to play an important role.

Arresting the pain syndrome after biopsy collection in oral mucosal diseases

Relevance. Diagnosis of oral mucosa diseases is very difficult. Heterogeneity of the oral mucosa disease manifestation often requires invasive diagnostic methods, which cause the pain syndrome. Timely and complete pain syndrome relief and the impact on all phases of the w ound healing process allow faster patient rehabilitation. The study aimed to examine the effect of Ketanov MD and Cifran CT on the wound process and the pain syndrome intensity after incisional and excisional biopsies to verify the oral mucosa pathology. Materials and methods. The study surveyed 30 people with oral mucosal diseases. The patients (30 subjects) formed two groups: excisional (10 people) and incisional biopsy (20 people). In these groups, we clinically evaluated the course of the wound process, the pain syndrome intensity, oedema phenomena, hyperemia, and the exudate presence. We analysed the quality of life of such patients using a validated Russian v ersion of the questionnaire.Results. On the 3rd day after the biopsy, on top of the generally accepted treatment of oral mucosal diseases and Ketorol MD and Cifran CT intake, the patients noted moderate aching and discomfort when talking and eating. After 14 days, all patients showed an improvement in qualitative and quantitative parameters, the absence of pain and the development of reinfection on therapy with non-steroidal anti-inf lammatory and antibacterial drugs.Conclusion. These drugs have a positive effect on the course of the phases of the wound process. They help reduce the pain response and contribute to faster patient rehabilitation af ter the biopsies in oral mucosal diseases.

АНАЛИЗ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ СИМПТОМОВ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С КЛАССИЧЕСКИМИ И ОПОСРЕДОВАННЫМИ ГИПЕРСЕКРЕТОРНЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА

Relevance. The authors found that the development of mucosal pathology is influenced by classical (major) and mediated hypersecretory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Kyoto Consensus (2014) suggested that gastroenterological patients have manifestations of functional dyspepsia, the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum has increased sensitivity to excessive production of hydrochloric acid, and various pathological changes are observed on the mucosa of the oral cavity proper. The aim was study of the relationship between the severity of dyspeptic disorders on the 7×7 questionnaire and clinical features of oral mucosal pathology manifestations in patients with classical and mediated hypersecretory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Materials and Methods. The study included 105 patients with the presence of classical gastrointestinal disease (simple non-atrophic chronic gastritis with dyspepsia syndrome after eradication of H.pylori) and hypersecretory mediated gastrointestinal disease (chronic pancreatitis) with increased or normal production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Clinical condition of oral mucosa corresponded to the presence of manifestations of classical and mediated hypersecretory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. To assess pain intensity we used pain index index (PIH) according to Hossley-Bergman scale, examination of symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was carried out by means of questionnaire "7×7". To determine statistical differences we used chi-square test, including Yates-adjusted test and Mann-Whitney test. Results. In the clinical group with classic hypersecretory gastrointestinal disease only in 25,71% of cases pathology of oral mucosa was revealed. On the background of clinical manifestations in mediated GIT pathology of oral mucosa – oral candidiasis, cheilitis, glossitis, burning sensation of the oral cavity was revealed in 100% of cases. Dyspeptic disorders according to 7×7 questionnaire prevailed in persons with indirect hypersecretory gastrointestinal disease in the form of chronic pancreatitis with GERD symptoms.

A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases: Are Lichenoid Lesions of the Labial Mucosa Induced?

BackgroundLichen planus (LP) is a pathology that affects the skin and the mucosa. The lips are rarely involved but represent a diagnostic challenge in those cases. Oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are defined as lesions that resemble oral lichen planus (OLP) but do not fully meet the clinical and/or histologic criteria for OLP. This study aimed to present our case series and to study the correlation between the location of the lesion and the dental factor (resin composite, amalgams, crowns, abrasive teeth, and mandibular crossbite) that could cause the lesion.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of 23 patients with LP/OLL of the lips treated in the Department of Oral Mucosal Pathology of the Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris between January 2017 and February 2021. We noted the location of the lesion (upper, lower, or both lips), medical history, treatments, smoking habits, and the aspect of the teeth facing the lesion. Patients received a local corticoid treatment and were monitored via follow-up.ResultsSixteen patients had lesions on the upper lip, two on the lower lip, and five on both lips, and most patients (n = 14, 60.1%) had a dental factor facing the lesion (e.g., abrasive teeth, resin composites, dental crowns, and mandibular crossbite). Six patients received clobetasol propionate, and 15 patients received a preparation combining betamethasone and benzocaine (Orabase, ConvaTec, Deeside, UK). Fourteen patients returned for post-treatment follow-up consultations approximately two months after treatment. Seven patients saw clinical improvement, five had partial improvement, and two had no improvement.ConclusionsLesions of the labial mucosa appear to be a rare condition in LP/OLL. The difference between LP and OLL can be difficult, even with histological analysis. Its pathogenesis remains unknown, although some studies found evidence of lichenoid reactions of the lips in contact with dental composite restorations. In our study, 14 of our patients had a dental factor facing the lesions. However, our study failed to show a correlation between the presence of an inducing factor and the lesion. In a future study, the potential effect of dental inducing factor removal could be studied. This topic requires further investigations, particularly regarding the inducing factor and the optimal therapeutic approach.

The role of viral infection in the pathology of oral mucosa in persons with prosthetic constructions

Aim.To detect viral infection of the oral mucous membrane in individuals with dentures.Material and methods.110 patients with removable and 100 - with fixed prostheses were examined. Diagnostics of virus infection were carried out by ELISA and PCR methods (Kvant-21).Results and discussion.It has been revealed that patients with removable prostheses revealed oral mucosa diseases in 91 (82,7%) persons and with fixed prostheses - in 75 (75,0%) patients. Viral infection in patients with removable dentures is detected in 58 (63.7%;91) and with fixed dentures in 43 (57.3%;75) patients. Among patients with removable dentures, HPV types 11 and 16 occur 1.3 times more frequently than in patients with fixed dentures, and HPV type 6 - 4.6 times less frequently. HPV types 11 and 16 are most frequently detected in patients with removable prostheses in the case of red lichen planus while in the group of patients with fixed prostheses they are more frequently observed in patients suffering from periodontal disease.Conclusion.Viral infection plays an important role in the development of diseases of the oral mucosa, which differ depending on the presence of removable and fixed dental structures. Papillomavirus types 6, 11, and 16 have the most pronounced effect on the course of oral mucosa diseases.

MENOPAUSE AS A FACTOR OF ORAL HEALTH

General increase of longevity in Ukraine and around the world along with the increasing number of women over 50 necessitates implementation of comprehensive scientifically based programs aimed to improve health and quality of life of this part of population.&#x0D; The aim of this review of international and Ukrainian studies was to investigate in depth hormone associated mechanisms of pathologic conditions formation in peri- and postmenopausal women.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Studies on association of climacteric symptoms and symptoms of dental pathology were analyzed.&#x0D; Results. Our literature review showed worse condition of dental health in menopausal women. The pres­ence of estrogen receptors in oral mucosa and salivary glands increases the risk of dental pathology when ovarian function diminishes. Gradual decrease of ovarian steroids in female body causes changes in oral microbiota and changes microbial landscape of periodontal pockets and effects local immunity. This causes increase of oral mucosa pathology such as glossodynia or burning mouth syndrome, lichen planus and angular cheilitis. It also causes the increase of periodontal diseases rate.&#x0D; Conclusions. Cross-disciplinary interaction of dentists and gynecologists-endocrinologists will provide possibilities to discover more common causes and pathogenic mechanisms of periodontal diseases and oral mucosa in menopausal women. This will provide possibilities for the development of comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis.

Trauma-induced oral mucosal pathologies

Oral mucosal trauma can cause a multitude of oral mucosal lesions. Many oral mucosal lesions are caused by prolonged mechanical trauma to the oral mucosa. This case series depicts five such cases in which trauma was the major etiological factor in the causation of such lesions. This case series discusses the five different entities: Traumatic ulcer, frictional keratosis, traumatic fibroma, mucocele, and angina bullosa hemorrhagica. The etiology, clinical features, and management of each of these lesions are discussed. Appropriate symptomatic management of mucosal lesions along with the removal of the etiological factor causing trauma to the oral cavity resulting in the complete resolution of all five oral lesions described in this case series. This case series aims to illustrate the need for early diagnosis of trauma-associated oral mucosal lesions to avoid broad therapy later on.

MANIF ESTAT ION OF THE ORAL MUCOSA DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19

In connection with the spread of the new coronavirus infection, the number of the oral mucosa diseases caused by COVID-19 is also growing. Effective diagnosis and rational pharmacotherapy of the oral mucosa pathology caused by COVID-19 is actual problem for dentists. In this work, on the basis of clinical and laboratory methods, diagnostics and treatment of the oral mucosa diseases were carried out in 43 patients who had previously undergone COVID-19. Oral examination results in patients with COVID-19 show a variety of oral manifestations. The obtained data substantiate the necessity and advisability of including a dental examination in this category of patients after their clinical recovery.