By Injection Research Articles

Ocular toxocariasis masquerading as toxoplasmosis: a case report and literature review

Background: False-negative and false-positive results in Toxoplasma serology are possible, and this could be misleading. Here, we report the case of a boy with Toxocara-associated panuveitis who was initially treated for toxoplasmosis owing to false-positive Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology. Case Presentation: A nine-year-old boy presented with intermittent headaches and blurred vision in the left eye. Close contact with domesticated animals was remarkable in the patient’s history. Upon examination, vision was 20/400 in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed anterior chamber cells and flare without keratic precipitates, with vitreous cells and veils, optic disc edema, and a blurred fundus appearance. A systemic investigation revealed the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. Treatment was initiated using topical cycloplegic and corticosteroid eye drops, in addition to oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Oral corticosteroids were also administered. As the inflammation resolved, an inferior tractional detachment was detected on fundus examination, leading to the ultimate diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was positive for serum Toxocara antibodies. A fourteen-day course of oral albendazole was ordered by the pediatric infectious disease service because of the concern for visceral larva migrans, while topical eye drops were continued and oral prednisone was tapered. One month later, visual acuity in the left eye had improved to 20/70. The anterior chamber inflammation resolved; however, some vitreous cells and optic disc edema persisted. The inferior tractional detachment was much better visualized, and a peripheral granuloma was observed. Four months later, without any oral or topical medications, the patient’s visual acuity had improved to 20/30 and his eye had no active inflammation. The patient has been followed up for two years and has never developed any other lesions. Conclusions: False-positive results on Toxoplasma serology and diffuse vitritis from toxocariasis that limited retinal visualization complicated the initial diagnosis in this case. In diagnosing the etiology of uveitis, ocular examination and detailed history taking should be emphasized, as laboratory results may be misleading.

Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a spectrum of metabolic disorders primarily characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Type 2 DM (T2DM), the most common form, often requires adjunctive therapies to improve glycemic control and mitigate associated risks. Zinc has been implicated in glucose metabolism and insulin function, prompting this study to evaluate the impact of zinc supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted involving 80 newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either zinc supplementation (50 mg/day) or a placebo, in conjunction with standard oral hypoglycemic medication, metformin. Key indicators, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profiles, were measured at baseline and after the 12-month intervention period. The group receiving zinc supplementation demonstrated significant reductions in FBG, PPBG, and HbA1c levels compared to the placebo group. The mean FBG in the intervention group decreased by 21.52 mg/dL, PPBG decreased by 47.53 mg/dL, and HbA1c decreased by 0.79%. Additionally, zinc supplementation led to notable decreases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 25.06 mg/dL, triglycerides by 22.2 mg/dL, and total cholesterol levels by 26.67 mg/dL. However, no significant changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The findings suggest that zinc supplementation may be a beneficial adjunctive therapy in the early management of T2DM, contributing to improved glycemic control and favorable changes in lipid profiles. However, its effect on HDL, VLDL, and ESR was insignificant, indicating the need for further research to better understand the broader implications of zinc in T2DM management.

Effects of postprandial exercise timing on blood glucose and fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to assess how moderate-intensity aerobic exercise performed 45 minutes and 90 minutes after a meal affects blood glucose levels and fluctuations in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Twenty-two patients with T2DM, who were solely receiving oral hypoglycemic medication, were enrolled and divided randomly into two categories: those exercising 45 minutes after a meal (45-minute postprandial exercise group) and those exercising 90 minutes post-meal (90-minute postprandial exercise group). Both groups engaged in a 30-minute session of moderate-intensity aerobic stationary bike exercise following breakfast. This aerobic exercise regimen consisted of two stages, with the groups switching exercise timings after the initial phase. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was utilized to evaluate the blood glucose levels and fluctuations in the participants. After breakfast, both overall daily blood glucose levels and the area under the curve for blood glucose following breakfast were reduced in the 45-minute postprandial exercise group compared to the 90-minute postprandial exercise group. The 45-minute postprandial exercise group demonstrated greater time spent within the target glucose range and less time above the target range than the 90-minute postprandial exercise group. Additionally, measures such as standard deviation, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, largest amplitude of glycemic excursions, and postprandial glucose excursion for breakfast, peak postprandial glucose levels, and duration of elevated glucose levels were all lower in the 45-minute postprandial exercise group compared to the 90-minute postprandial exercise group. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise lasting 45 minutes after meals was found to be more efficient in decreasing blood glucose levels and minimizing fluctuations compared to exercising 90 minutes after meals in patients with T2DM. Additionally, it notably reduced the peak in blood glucose levels after meals.

376P Evaluating adherence to oral anticancer medications in metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients

376P Evaluating adherence to oral anticancer medications in metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients

A Review on Recent Progress of Biodegradable Magnetic Microrobots for Targeted Therapeutic Delivery: Materials, Structure Designs, and Fabrication Methods

Abstract Targeted therapeutic delivery employs various technologies to enable precise delivery of therapeutic agents (drugs or cells) to specific areas within the human body. Compared with traditional drug administration routes, targeted therapeutic delivery has higher efficacy and reduced medication dosage and side effects. Soft microscale robotics have demonstrated great potential to precisely deliver drugs to the targeted region for performing designated therapeutic tasks. Microrobots can be actuated by various stimuli, such as heat, light, chemicals, acoustic waves, electric fields, and magnetic fields. Magnetic manipulation is well-suited for biomedical applications, as magnetic fields can safely permeate through organisms in a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes. Therefore, magnetic actuation is one of the most investigated and promising approaches for driving microrobots for targeted therapeutic delivery applications. To realize safe and minimally invasive therapies, biocompatibility and biodegradability are essential for these microrobots, which eliminate any post-treatment endoscopic or surgical removals. In this review, recent research efforts in the area of biodegradable magnetic microrobots used for targeted therapeutic delivery are summarized in terms of their materials, structure designs, and fabrication methods. In the end, remaining challenges and future prospects are discussed.

Drug Delivery and Monitoring through Wearable Devices with Microneedles in the Field of the Health Care System

: Microneedles represent a revolutionary advancement in drug delivery and diagnostics, offering a minimally invasive approach to accessing the intricate biological environment of the human body. These micron-sized needles, typically ranging from 25 to 1000 micrometers in length, penetrate the outermost layer of the skin, creating microchannels that facilitate the transdermal administration of therapeutics or the extraction of interstitial fluid for analysis. This innovative technology holds great promise for enhancing patient compliance, reducing side effects, and improving the overall efficiency of drug delivery. Integrating microneedles with wearable devices further amplifies their potential impact. Wearable devices provide a seamless interface for monitoring and controlling microneedle-based systems, fostering real-time data collection and personalized healthcare. Such devices can be designed to administer precise drug doses at predetermined intervals, adapting treatment regimens to individual patient needs. : Additionally, the combination of microneedles and wearable devices enables continuous monitoring of biomarkers through the extraction of interstitial fluid, offering a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis and management. The review also provides a detailed overview of the mechanisms, types, fabrication techniques, applications, and patents for integrating microneedles with wearable devices. This symbiotic relationship between microneedles and wearables opens new paths for patient-centric healthcare, with the potential to transform chronic disease management and streamline therapeutic interventions. As these technologies continue to evolve, their integration may pave the way for personalized, on-demand healthcare solutions, accompanying a new era of patient well-being and treatment efficacy.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of fingolimod and its active metabolite fingolimod phosphate in whole blood of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Fingolimod is an oral drug for the escalation of treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in patients with persistent disease activity on first-line drugs or in patients with rapidly progressive severe relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determining the concentrations of fingolimod and its active metabolite fingolimod phosphate in whole blood has been developed and validated. The advantages of this method are the easy, fast and cheap sample preparation using protein precipitation from blood with a mixture of acetonitrile-methanol (40:60, v/v). Chromatographic separation was performed on a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography BEH C18 1.7 μm (100 × 2.1mm) column. Two modes of ionization, electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, were tested and compared. For validation, the electrospray ionization mode was chosen. As internal standard, isotopically labeled fingolimod-D4 was used to quantify the analytes. The method was validated according to the rules of the European Medicines Agency. The coefficients of variation for fingolimod were in the range of 1.13-11.88%, and the recovery was 98.80-106.00%. The coefficients of variation for fingolimod phosphate were in the range of 2.73-9.31%, and the recovery was 90.08-107.00%. The method is quite easy and fast and can be used for routine analysis.

Auvelity: A New Era in Medicine - Unraveling the Multifaceted Benefits of Dextromethorphan/Bupropion Combination

Background: Depression is a prevalent global illness, impacting 280 million people worldwide, and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is ranked as the third leading cause of disease burden globally. People previously diagnosed with depression are more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). The recent approval of Auvelity by the FDA has made a remarkable breakthrough in drug development, offering a multi-dimensional approach for managing multiple diseases. Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of Auvelity, a new drug, in treating MDD and its potential to manage agitation in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methodology: Data on Auvelity was collected from various sources, including accessdata.fda.gov, PubMed, and Scopus, and compiled for analysis Discussion: Auvelity is the first oral medication to demonstrate the rapid onset of action, with statistically significant antidepressant efficacy observed as early as one week compared to a placebo. It contains a combination of dextromethorphan (45 mg) and bupropion (105 mg). The drug's mechanism of action involves a combination of NMDA receptor blockade and agonism of the sigma-1 receptor, resulting in the antagonization of the glutamatergic neurotransmitter pathway. Due to the similarity in the mechanism of action with AD medications like Memantine, there is a hypothesis that Auvelity could effectively reduce symptoms of AD. Conclusion: The approval of Auvelity marks a significant advancement in depression treatment with its unique NMDA antagonist mechanism, rapid onset of action, and low-risk profile.

Advent of oral medications for the treatment of hereditary angioedema.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by unpredictable, debilitating episodes of submucosal and/or subcutaneous tissue swelling, which may be life-threatening depending on anatomic location. The two primary management strategies for HAE are ready access to effective on-demand treatment in all patients and the prevention of attacks (short-term prophylaxis [STP] and long-term prophylaxis [LTP]) in appropriate patients. All approved on-demand and most LTP medications require subcutaneous or intravenous administration. Injection-related challenges include trypanophobia (fear of needles), difficulty with self-administration, injection-site reactions (e.g., pain, erythema, bleeding, bruising), and anxiety-all contributing to poor compliance and administration delays. Oral HAE treatments may improve outcomes by reducing treatment barriers. To review oral therapies, approved or in development, for on-demand treatment and/or prevention of HAE attacks. To provide a comprehensive review, data was obtained from publicly available resources through a targeted PubMed literature review and supplemented by information provided on company websites (search cutoff of May 31, 2024). Berotralstat, an oral plasma kallikrein (PKa) inhibitor, is approved for LTP. Sebetralstat, another PKa inhibitor, is the investigational first oral on-demand HAE treatment to complete a phase 3 trial. Deucrictibant, an oral bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, has completed phase 2 trials for on-demand therapy and LTP. Several other oral PKa inhibitors (ATN249, VE-4666, and VE-4062) are in early development for LTP. Substantial advances have been made in the development of oral treatments for HAE. These treatments have the potential to improve and optimize clinical outcomes, satisfaction, and quality of life among patients with HAE.

A Brief Review of Zuranolone

Zuranolone, a novel analog of allopregnanolone, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first oral medication approved for the treatment of postpartum depression in adults. Developed by Sage Therapeutics under the brand name Zurzuvae, zuranolone was approved by the FDA on August 4th, 2023.1 Zuranolone is a modified version of brexanolone (sold under the brand name Zulpresso), an intravenously administered allopregnanolone formulation that was previously the only FDA-approved medication for postpartum depression. Zuranolone offers a more accessible treatment option for patients with efficacy established in clinical trials. Its approval expands the treatment landscape for depression, especially in the peripartum period, and marks a crucial step forward in psychopharmacological innovation.

Determination of anamorelin concentration in human plasma using a simple high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method.

Anamorelin, a non-peptide ghrelin analog and growth hormone secretagogue, is a novel oral drug used to treat cancer cachexia. Patients with cancer cachexia frequently use several drugs and anamorelin is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4; therefore, drug-drug interactions with CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers pose a clinical problem. In this study, we aimed to determine the concentration of anamorelin in human plasma using a simple high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV)-based method. The analysis involved extracting a 200-μL plasma sample and protein precipitation using solid-phase extraction. Anamorelin was isocratically separated using a mobile phase consisting of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (61:39, v/v) on a Capcell Pack C18 MG II column (250 mm × 4.6 mm) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and monitored at a detection wavelength of 220 nm. The calibration curve was linear within a plasma concentration range of 12.5-1,500 ng/mL, with a coefficient of determination of 0.9999. The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were 0.37-6.71% and 2.05-4.77%, respectively. The accuracy of the assay and recovery were 85.25-112.94% and > 86.58%, respectively. This proposed HPLC-UV method is simple and can be applied in clinical settings.

MANAGEMENT OF HAND ECZEMA (VICHARCHIKA) THROUGH AYURVEDA: A CASE STUDY

Eczema is referred to as "atopic dermatitis." It's a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterised by itchy, red, and dry skin and sometimes scaly patches of skin. These patches may become thickened, cracked, or scaly and can occur anywhere on the body. Eczema often involves periods of flare-ups and remissions and can vary from mild to severe. It is considered a type of allergic or atopic condition, and it's commonly associated with other allergic conditions such as asthma and hay fever. Eczema resembles Vicharchika in Ayurveda. The signs and symptoms of Vicharchika are kandu (itching), pidika (papule), shyava varna (blackish-brown discolouration), and bahusrava (excessive exudation). Case summary: A 29-year-old female patient approached Kayachikitsa Skin OPD with complaints of dry, scaly skin lesions over bilateral palms with redness, cracking, and occasional discharge from lesions associated with severe itching for 10 years; symptoms have aggravated for 15 days. Based on signs and symptoms, an Ayurvedic diagnosis was made as Vicharchika (hand eczema). The subject was given deepana (appetiser)-pachana (carminative), bahya rukshana karma (external dehydrating therapy), then snehapana (internal oleation), followed by Virechana (purgation therapy), and shamana aushadhis (oral medications). The subject showed improvement in signs and symptoms, EASI and DLQI scores.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PRE-MACULAR HAEMORRHAGE: A CASE STUDY

Pre-macular haemorrhage (PMH) is a condition characterized by bleeding between hyaloid and retina leading to visual impairment. Ayurveda offers extensive treatment protocols for managing such posterior segmental disorders. This case study presents the successful Ayurvedic management of PMH in a 54-year-old female patient who is a known hypertensive. The patient presented with a sudden onset of blurred vision in the right eye and black patches in the vision. After a thorough Ayurvedic assessment, a treatment plan including Netra kriyakalpas and panchakarma procedures was adopted along with oral medications. For one month, the patient experienced significant improvement in visual acuity, and the resolution of the haemorrhage was confirmed by ophthalmological examination and imaging studies. This case highlights the potential of Ayurveda as an effective approach to managing pre-macular haemorrhage.

Evaluating the Forensic Inferences of Oral Nicotine Ingestion: Autopsy Case Review, Animal Experimentation, and Legal Implications

Nicotine, a highly lipophilic alkaloid derived from Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica, can be lethal even in small doses when ingested in concentrated forms like e-cigarette liquids. This study examined a murder case in South Korea where a 52-year-old man was allegedly killed by oral administration of nicotine. Despite the absence of typical signs, such as chemical burns or vomiting, the case posed questions about the lethal concentration of nicotine and the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in nicotine poisoning. Through literature review, autopsy analysis, and animal experiments, this study evaluated the forensic evidence presented in court. The results indicated that lethal nicotine levels could be lower than established previously, and death could occur without gastrointestinal injury or vomiting. Our findings supported the court's conviction decision, emphasizing the variability of symptoms in nicotine toxicity and the importance of scientific evidence in legal proceedings. The results of this study highlight the role of forensic medicine in clarifying scientific uncertainties in judicial contexts, particularly in cases involving toxic substances.

HYDROPHILIC MATRIX TABLETS AS ORAL CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN 20TH CENTURY: A REVIEW

Matrix systems are easy to formulate compared to other controlled release dosage forms. The manufacture of matrix tablets involves the direct compression of blend of drug, retardant material and additives to form a tablet in which drug is embedded in a matrix core of the retardant. Alternatively, retardant-drug blends may be granulated prior to compression. Of the three classes of retardant material used to formulate matrix tablets, polymers that form hydrophilic matrices are attracting the attention of pharmaceutical technologists. These polymers include Methyl cellulose (MC), Hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC), Hydroxy popyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (NaCMC), carbomers, chitosan, plant gums etc. The hydrophilic matrix-formers alone or in combination with other excipients form gels in situ on coming in contact with biological fluids which control the drug release. The present review gives a detailed account on the factors to be considered in the design of hydrophilic matrix systems, formulation of hydrophilic matrix tablets, in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods and advances in the design of hydrophilic matrix tablets. This review further focuses on the development of oral controlled drug delivery systems using hydrophilic matrix carriers in 20th century.

Paxlovid for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) is a new oral antiviral drug that is used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is administered to patients with mild to moderate disease for five consecutive days. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Paxlovid in COVID-19 patients. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant publications up to 9 March 2023. Three randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies, one prospective cohort study, and 25 retrospective cohort studies were identified for the meta-analysis. There was a significant difference between the Paxlovid and control groups in terms of hospitalization (RR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.24-0.69, p < 0.001), all-cause mortality (RR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.27-0.50, p < 0.001), hospitalization or death (RR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37-0.67, p < 0.001), intensive care unit admission (RR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.27-0.73, p = 0.001), and emergency department visits (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.54-0.83, p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of COVID-19 rebound (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.82-1.68, p = 0.37). In addition, the Paxlovid group had a significantly shorter hospital length of stay (weighted mean difference WMD = -1.11; 95% CI, -1.81, -0.41; I2 > 50%, p < 0.05), and polymerase chain reaction negative conversion time (WMD = -2.75; 95% CI, -3.60, -1.89, I2 > 50%, p < 0.05) than that of the control group. Paxlovid can be considered an effective therapeutic agent for treating patients with COVID-19.

Accelerating diabetic wound healing with Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) alkaloids via NRF2/HO-1/eNOS pathway

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a severe complication of diabetes mellitus. Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) alkaloids (SZ-A), an approved oral medication for type 2 diabetes, have not been explored for their potential to enhance the processes involved in diabetic wound healing. This study aims to investigate SZ-A's role in diabetic wound healing mechanisms. The in vivo experimentation involves dividing the subjects into NC and SZ-A groups, with SZ-A dosed at 200 and 400 mg/kg, to assess the therapeutic efficacy of SZ-A. The results of the animal studies show that SZ-A intervention accelerates the processes of diabetic angiogenesis and wound healing in a manner dependent on its concentration. Additionally, a pathological model using advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in HUVECs demonstrates SZ-A's cytoprotective effect. In vitro, SZ-A intervention significantly increases cell proliferation, migration and tube formation, protecting HUVECs from oxidative stress injury induced by AGEs. Mechanistically, SZ-A exerts a protective effect on HUVECs from oxidative stress damage through the activation of the NRF2/HO-1/eNOS signaling pathway. The findings suggest that SZ-A exhibits considerable potential as a promising candidate for treating DFUs, which will aid in more effectively integrating plant-based therapies into clinical settings.

To Compare the Efficacy of Preoperative Oral Medication of Ibuprofen and Ketorolac on Anesthetic Efficacy of Maxillary Buccal Infiltration Using Buffered 2% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 Adrenaline with Irreversible Symptomatic Pulpitis: A Prospective Clinical Study

To Compare the Efficacy of Preoperative Oral Medication of Ibuprofen and Ketorolac on Anesthetic Efficacy of Maxillary Buccal Infiltration Using Buffered 2% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 Adrenaline with Irreversible Symptomatic Pulpitis: A Prospective Clinical Study

Role of Sotagliflozin in Managing Heart Failure in Diabetes

A chronic illness that impairs heart function is heart failure. This malfunction can put strain on other organs and be especially dangerous for those who have long-term conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. Patients with diabetes are more likely to develop heart failure. Sotagliflozin is an oral medication used to treat diabetes. A dual sodium drug called sotagliflozin shows promise in the treatment of heart failure. An essential new family of medications for the treatment of diabetes is the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. The goal of developing SGLT2 inhibitors has been to achieve high SGLT2 protein selectivity compared to SGLT1 protein. Treating diabetes with a single drug that combines the inhibition of SGLT1 and SGLT2 would offer complementing insulin-independent strategies. Thus, sotagliflozin (LX4211) was created as a dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitor. Large postprandial glucose decrease, increase of glucagon-like peptide 1, and mild urine glucose excretion are the distinguishing clinical aspects of dual inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2. These characteristics might have an impact on how sotagliflozin is used clinically to treat diabetes.

Visual field defects in neurocysticercosis: A rare presentation

Neurocysticercosis is one of the commonest helminthic infections which affects central nervous system in humans and is caused by a tapeworm , Taenia solium. A 46-year-old male patient reported with complaint of restricted visual field in the left eye for one week. His best-corrected visual acuity was 6/6 partial, N6 in both eyes. Perimetry confirmed left homonymous hemianopia. The patient was referred to a neurophysician and based on magnetic resonance imaging brain and positron emission tomography scan, the patient was diagnosed with neurocysticercosis. The subject was started on oral medications following which the lesion resolved and improvement in visual fields was seen at one month follow-up. Ophthalmic manifestations of neurocysticercosis are variable and may include rare symptoms like visual field defects. A multimodal imaging and multidisciplinary approach can be helpful in the early diagnosis and faster recovery in patients with neurocysticercosis.