Oral Language Instruction Research Articles

Моделі змішаного навчання майбутніх філологів усного японського мовлення

The article dwells upon the advantages of using blended learning for foreign language instruction in the university. The author includes general classification of the basic models of blended learning, and based on this classification four main blended learning models for Japanese oral language instruction are presented: Face-to-Face Driver Model (A1 language proficiency level), Activities Rotation Model (A2 language proficiency level), Working Space Rotation Model (B1 language proficiency level) and Flipped Classroom Model (B1/B2 language proficiency level). The following three additional models which can be used for improving certain language skills and building competence in linguistic, social and cultural field are also mentioned: Flex Model, Online Lab Model and Self-Blend Model.

Критерії добору та розподілу комунікативних ситуацій та аудитивних матеріалів для змішаного навчання усного японського мовлення майбутніх філологів

Критерії добору та розподілу комунікативних ситуацій та аудитивних матеріалів для змішаного навчання усного японського мовлення майбутніх філологів

The experimental testing of blended learning methods of oral Japanese lanuage teaching aimed at future philologists

The study describes the characteristics of the experimental introduction of the methods of blended Japanese oral language teaching for future philologists, as well as the adequacy of the experimental method, aimed at testing the hypothesis of the study. It dwells upon the peculiarities of methodical experiment organization, which was aimed at finding out how effective can be four basic models of blended learning which were selected for teaching oral Japanese: “Face-to-Face Driver”, which was used to teach students of the first year of study, “Activities Rotation Model” for second-year students, “Working Space Rotation Model” which targeted third-year future philologists, and “Flipped Classroom Model” used among the students of the fourth year of the Bachelor's educational level. The experiment also included the use of three auxiliary models: “Flex Model”, aimed at working with the students, who study according to an individual schedule or are forced to catch up with certain material, “Online Lab Model”, aimed at organizing distance learning because of certain prerequisites and needs of the course, and “Self-Blend Model”, aimed at organizing independent study time for students, who are already independent users and are working on some additional courses. The experiment lasted for two years and was conducted at all the years (from first to fourth) of the Bachelor’s educational level. The article highlights the organizational and semantic aspects of experimental teaching using experimental verification capabilities in the research practice of developing oral Japanese skills among future philologists. The article also mentions the two variants of the author's methods, which differ according to the presence or absence of elements of microlearning (microsearch) during in-person training, and the second one was chosen as more preferrable. The results of the experiment proved that both of these variants turned out to be successful, although the presence of microsearch did not affect the level of competence in listening skill, monologue and dialogic speech

Psychological basis for oral Japanese language instruction using blended learning

Psychological basis for oral Japanese language instruction using blended learning

Training of early childhood teachers for the use of successful shared reading strategies.

Verify the effects of a training program held with pre-school teachers to carry out specific strategies in shared reading and generalize these strategies in other daily activities of oral language motivation. A total of 14 teachers from low socioeconomic level schools participated in the study. The teachers were randomly distributed in an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group attended training on how to use five strategies during shared reading in the classroom and discuss how to motivate their students towards oral language. To evaluate the effectiveness of training, two instruments were applied pre- and post-intervention. The Assessment Scale of Oral Language Teaching in School (EVALOE) was applied to analyze the teaching of oral language and the Checklist was used to characterize the behavioral changes of the teachers during shared reading. Overall, EVALOE data were higher at post-intervention analysis for 11 of the 13 participants. Checklist showed that 10 of the 13 teachers presented higher post-intervention total scores compared with their respective pre-intervention scores. The training program provided improvement in teacher behavior during shared reading activities and demonstrated to have a positive impact on the increase of interactions, previously identified in the literature as important for oral language motivation.

PSYCHOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS IN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING PROCESSES

<p>The problem in this analysis is to see how the forms and roles of psychpragmatics analysis in the learning and teaching process speak both oral and written. When oral and written speeches are triggered by psychological aspects, they are referred to as psychopragmatics. The purpose of this analysis is to see the extent to which psychopragmatic fundamentalists can play a role in the language learning and teaching process, both oral and written. The theory in this analysis uses the theory of Revita et al., (2019). The method used is the method suggested by Sudaryanto (1993). The results of this analysis indicate that the role of psychopathology for the process of learning and oral language teaching and writing has a major influence on the desired process and results. Psychopragmatics emphasizes the process of producing language produced when someone speaks both oral and written so that it will also affect the results or speech expected by speakers in the language.</p>

Dynamic Paths of Complexity and Accuracy in Second Language Speech: A Longitudinal Case Study of Chinese Learners

AbstractThe present study investigated the developmental patterns of Chinese EFL(AQ) learners’ oral language in terms of complexity and accuracy and looked into the dynamic interactions between them within the framework of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST). The data were analysed using dynamic analyses (moving min–max graphs, moving correlations and Monte Carlo Simulations). It was found that, firstly, at the group level, the general developmental trends of both complexity and accuracy showed improvements. Secondly, at the individual level, the developmental patterns were non-linear and dynamic with high degrees of variability, and individual language development was influenced by the initial states. Thirdly, the analyses revealed a complex interplay between complexity and accuracy, which gradually shifted from a clearly competitive relationship during the early stages to a supportive relationship in later stages. This shift in interaction shows that complexity goes hand in hand with accuracy, which corroborates the interconnectedness of subsystems as one of the major characteristics of CDST. The findings confirm the applicability of CDST approaches to L2 oral development and carry valuable implications for CDST theory development and oral language teaching.

Reading Instruction for English Learners With Learning Disabilities: What Do We Already Know, and What Do We Still Need to Learn?

This paper reviews findings from four research syntheses that report the effects of academic language and/or reading interventions on language and reading outcomes for English learners who have or are at risk for learning difficulties. Studies included in the syntheses varied in research design and addressed multiple areas of reading and language. There was disagreement between syntheses as to the extent of research evidence in favor of particular instructional practices. For ELs with learning difficulties in kindergarten and first grade, however, there was strong consensus that multiple-component reading instruction that includes phonological awareness and phonics instruction is associated with improved word reading outcomes. It may also be beneficial to provide oral language, vocabulary, and reading comprehension instruction; nevertheless, there is a need for future research on instructional interventions that aim to improve reading comprehension outcomes for this population.

Exploring a refined model of home literacy activities and associations with children\u2019s emergent literacy skills

Based on the Home Literacy Model, this study explored a refined model of home literacy activities and their relations with children’s emergent literacy skills in a linguistic and socio-economic diverse sample of 214 Dutch kindergartners (mean age 4 years and 7 months, 46% girls and 29% monolingual speakers of Dutch). The study examined a typology of home literacy activities that explicitly addressed didactic approach and was not restricted to activities involving print. Next, the study explored the relations between activity types and children’s emergent literacy skills. Three activity categories were identified: code, oral language exposure and oral language teaching activities. Results of multilevel structural equation modeling showed that all types of home literacy activities were related to children’s oral language skills, although the association between oral language teaching and oral language skills was negative. Oral language skills were associated with children’s code and phonological skills. The outcomes indicate the existence of a more nuanced pattern of interrelations between elements of the home literacy environment and children’s literacy skills in this diverse sample than observed before.

Bridging Oral and Written Language: An Oral Narrative Language Intervention Study With Writing Outcomes.

Despite literature showing a correlation between oral language and written language ability, there is little evidence documenting a causal connection between oral and written language skills. The current study examines the extent to which oral language instruction using narratives impacts students' writing skills. Following multiple baseline design conventions to minimize threats to internal validity, 3 groups of 1st-grade students were exposed to staggered baseline, intervention, and maintenance conditions. During the intervention condition, groups received 6 sessions of small-group oral narrative instruction over 2 weeks. Separated in the school day from the instruction, students wrote their own stories, forming the dependent variable across baseline, intervention, and maintenance conditions. Written stories were analyzed for story structure and language complexity using a narrative scoring flow chart based on current academic standards. Corresponding to the onset of oral narrative instruction, all but 1 student showed meaningful improvements in story writing. All 4 students, for whom improvements were observed and maintenance data were available, continued to produce written narratives above baseline levels once the instruction was withdrawn. Results suggest that narrative instruction delivered exclusively in an oral modality had a positive effect on students' writing. Implications include the efficiency and inclusiveness of oral language instruction to improve writing quality, especially for young students.

A longitudinal investigation of reading development from kindergarten to grade eight in a Spanish-speaking bilingual population

This longitudinal study used latent growth curve modeling to investigate English literacy development in a sample of Spanish-speaking language minority students from third through eighth grade. This study also compared the sample’s literacy development to the entire population of California students using state standardized test data. Second, this study examined the contributions of a variety of bilingual measures of kindergarten letter knowledge, phonological awareness, word reading, and vocabulary to literacy development. Results demonstrated the present sample scored below average in literacy compared to the overall population of California students across years, but made slight gains to narrow the achievement gap. The greatest gains were obtained between fourth and fifth grade, but plateaued thereafter. Results concerning the second research questions showed that the third grade literacy intercept was predicted by kindergarten English letter knowledge, Spanish onset, Spanish word reading, and English vocabulary. However, English literacy development through eighth grade was only predicted by kindergarten English and Spanish vocabulary. Findings support arguments for educational efforts to target oral language instruction for these students in early elementary and instruction in both languages may provide the greatest benefit. Instructional implications are discussed.

Valoración de la enseñanza de la lengua oral en el aula: uso de la herramienta EVALOE en Brasil

The results of the use of a tool to assess oral language teaching in Brazilian schools are presented. Assessment scale of oral language teaching at the school context –EVALOE, was created with the aim to assess, through an observation scale and a semi-structured interview, the teachers’ skills to promote the development of students’ linguistic competence (speaking and listening) in their classrooms. The study has been carried out 40 observations in four public schools in Sao Paulo’s region. The results indicate that the EVALOE is a useful tool to know how teachers manage the class, some aspects of the instructional design and about functions and communicative strategies used. It has also proved useful to initiate processes of reflection and counseling with teachers in order to make changes in their teaching practices to improve the work of oral language in their classrooms.

Oral Academic Discourse Socialization of an ESL Chinese Student: Cohesive Device Use

<p>Framed in language socialization theory, this study examines the longitudinal cohesive device development of an ESL Chinese graduate student over time during his discourse socialization by focusing on his oral presentations through a systemic functional linguistics approach. The study found that the participant improved in his use of textual resources as he continued his discourse socialization in the academic community that he had joined. Yet the problems and challenges the participant faced during his development of cohesive devices also illustrated the complexity and non-linear characteristics of academic discourse socialization. The study contributes to language socialization research by employing a systemic functional linguistics approach as an analysis tool for longitudinal linguistic discourse development. The findings inform second language curriculum and instruction, particularly oral language instruction.</p>

Developing and testing EVALOE: A tool for assessing spoken language teaching and learning in the classroom

Broadly speaking, the teaching of spoken language in Spanish schools has not been approached in a systematic way. Changes in school practices are needed in order to allow all children to become competent speakers and to understand and construct oral texts that are appropriate in different contexts and for different audiences both inside and outside school. Here we describe the construction of EVALOE (‘Escala de valoración de la enseñanza de la lengua oral en contexto escolar’ [Assessment scale of oral language teaching]), a flexible tool designed to assess the teaching and learning of spoken language in schools. The first part of the tool is an observation scale (for use in the classroom), and the second is a semi-structured interview carried out with the teacher after the observation. The instrument is designed to assess how teachers facilitate the development of spoken language. It also aims to further interdisciplinary collaboration with regard to the introduction of changes in teaching practices in order to promote the development of communication friendly classroom environments. A pilot test and expert review of the tool was carried out. Thirty-nine schools then participated in the field test, which involved 39 professionals (23 speech and language therapists, eight educational psychologists, and eight teachers) and two university students. Eighty observations, 34 in a preschool setting and 46 in primary schools, were carried out. The results suggest that EVALOE is a useful tool for assessing the teaching and learning of spoken language.

Escala de Valoración de la Enseñanza del Lenguaje Oral en contexto Escolar: adaptación para su uso en educación especial

The conceptual framework of our work underlines the importance of some language characteristics and communicative strategies used by adults when interacting with children in different contexts for the development of language competence. Children with intellectual disability (ID) need to develop skills to communicate with others, to learn and progress autonomously. This paper presents results of a pilot study in which an adaptation of the EVALOE (Assessment of Oral Language Teaching at School Scale) was carried out in order to be used in the context of special education. The process consisted, firstly, of the use of this validated scale for assessing a special class situation. Participants were two teachers and six 8 year-old children with ID. After that, adaptations were introduced in order to increase its usefulness. Finally, a new class situation with very similar characteristics and with the same participants was assessed with the adapted scale. Results show, firstly, that EVALOE is a useful instrument for assessing the oral language teaching in the school context. Secondly, it shows that the adapted version allows increase the assessed aspects and initiate a collaborative reflection with the special education teachers in order to introduce changes related with the context and communicative management, the instructional design, as well as communicative functions and strategies.

Bridging the Language-Literature Gap

Foreign language teaching practices have emphasized oral language instruction at the expense of written language instruction. In addition, many foreign language and literature departments have made a division between language studies and literary studies, a division in which the number of students who pursue literary studies are far less numerous than those who pursue language studies. Some educators now believe that it is time to reemphasize reading and literature in the profession. Computer-enhanced reading instruction holds considerable promise as a means to reintroduce "culturally dense" texts into the curriculum, perhaps earlier than originally possible in traditional approaches to teaching. Finally, the tracking capabilities of reading programs allow researchers to collect data that can shed light on students' use of reading strategies.

Instructional Conversations in Early Childhood Classrooms: Policy Suggestions for Curriculum Standards and Professional Development

The purpose of this article is to provide suggestions for two early education policy levers proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) that can be specifically applied to oral language instructional in the classroom: Policy Lever 2—Designing and implementing curriculum and standards; and Policy Lever 3—Improving qualifications, training and working conditions. First, I describe the efforts the United States has made in terms of oral language instruction, and second I describe a professional development model (the Conversation Compassa?) that trains teachers to use instructional conversations with children age 2-6.

El cambio conceptual de dos maestras en relación con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la lengua oral a través de un asesoramiento: un estudio de casos

We present the results of a research project in which 4 teachers (2 kindergarten and 2 primary school teachers) took part. A counselling process using conversational methodology was carried out with one teacher from each setting to promote a conceptual change in the teachers’ representation of oral language teaching and learning processes. During a 4-month period, the 2 teachers in the experimental group participated in 2 counselling meetings with some of the researchers. We also carried out a focus group with all four teachers before and after the meetings. An ad hoc instrument was designed to analyze the meetings and the focus groups. The results show that teachers in the experimental group progressed from a conception focused on formal and content-based aspects of oral language to a conception that stresses language use, social interaction, and the strategies employed by teachers in class as explanatory factors for pupils’ oral language competence.

A Data-Driven Preschool PD Model for Literacy and Oral Language Instruction

The purpose of this article is to describe the professional development (PD) model for preschool literacy and language instruction that took place in a 3-year, 2-tiered Early Reading First project in 9 Head Start and community-based school classrooms. In our tiered model, the Tier 1 level was classroom instruction and Tier 2 was intervention instruction. Through our data-driven PD model, we sought to systematically provide workshops for all classroom teaching staff based on the evidence-based literacy/language skills and learning strategies. Teachers received approximately 55 hr a year in training. Classroom coaches each worked in 3 classrooms and spent approximately 4 hr a week per classroom working to plan with teachers and supporting instruction. Children were regularly assessed in areas of literacy/oral language and teachers were assessed on the quality of the classroom environment and teacher fidelity of implementation of strategies learned during coaching and workshop training. Teachers also provided feedback on the quality of workshop training and participated in self-reflection discussions about implementation. Each of these data sources was used to modify training and coaching. The article provides further information about training, coaching, and data sources as well as teacher and child data that support the use of the model.

Research in language didactics: a model for the evaluation of oral discursive competence in secondary education

Research concerning oral language teaching is one of the most unattended fields in linguistic education, both in general terms as well as specifically in Secondary education. This paper tries to take one step towards improving this state of affairs. For this purpose, we create a model for the development of oral discursive competence and we test it in a secondary education course. The pattern of results indicates improvement in the students' oral discursive competence during the development of such a model. This procedure leads to a systematic relation between theory and practice that places us in the scientific scope of the Language Didactics field, a field to which we would like to contribute in an educational and scientific way.