Oral Implantation Research Articles

Accuracy of robotic-assisted surgery for immediate implant placement in posterior teeth: a retrospective case series

BackgroundRobotic computer-assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS) is a revolutionary innovation in oral implantation; however, the clinical feasibility of r-CAIS for immediate implant placement (IIP) in posterior teeth has not been verified. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of r-CAIS for IIP in posterior tooth regions.MethodsPatients with posterior teeth to be extracted and indicated to undergo r-CAIS were evaluated. The patients had positioning markers installed in the oral cavity and underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Subsequently, minimally invasive tooth extractions were performed, and an individualised surgical plan was generated in the robotic software. After marker registration, implantation surgery was performed by the robotic arm under the supervision and assistance of the surgeons. Finally, the deviations between the planned and placed implants were evaluated based on preoperative and postoperative CBCT data.ResultsA total of 12 patients were evaluated. No adverse events occurred during the surgery. The mean global coronal, global apical, and angular deviations were 0.46 ± 0.15 mm (95%CI:0.36 to 0.56 mm), 0.46 ± 0.14 mm (95%CI:0.37 to 0.54 mm), and 1.05 ± 0.55° (0.69 to 1.40°), respectively.ConclusionsUnder the limited conditions of this study, the r-CAIS exhibited high accuracy in posterior teeth IIP surgery. Further multicentre randomised controlled studies are required to confirm the feasibility of this technology.

The effect of pueraria isoflavones on bone binding around with osteoporosis state based on Micro-CT detection

ObjectivesThe osteoporosis (OP) is the biggest hidden danger for the oral implantation. To discussion the effect of Pueraria lobata isoflavones on osseointegration around implants with osteoporotic stat. Materials and methodsThe bilateral ovarian extraction is a selection method for modeling osteoporosis. The Low dose (25 mg/kg) gavage has no obvious effect. The Medium (50 mg/kg) and High (100 mg/kg) dose gavage can achieve the purpose of promoting new bone formation and bone mineralization around the implant. The three different doses of Pueraria isoflavones were administered for 12 weeks. The data of the experimental group and the Model group were recorded during the treatment. ResultsThe results shown that gavage of Pueraria lobata isoflavones can promote implants Peripheral osseointegration. The Low dose gavage has no obvious effect. The Medium and High dose gavage can achieve the purpose of promoting new bone formation and bone mineralization around the implant. When osseointegration is evaluated by a mechanical force, High dose Pueraria lobata treatment can reached the effect which is closely to the Normal group and Sham-operated group. ConclusionIt is demonstrated that Pueraria lobata isoflavones has important treatment value for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Analysis of the Application Value of Dynamic Navigation Guidance in Oral Implantation.

To investigate the application of dynamic navigation guidance technology in different implantation scenarios, and to provide a scientific basis for the innovation and advancement of implantation techniques. Fifteen cases of patients with malocclusions admitted between January 2021 and February 2023 were selected as the study subjects. All patients underwent dynamic navigation-guided oral implantation interventions. CBCT scans were taken after implantation surgery to record deviations of implantation points, including implantation point deviation, endpoint deviation, and angle deviation. Dynamic navigation guidance effectively improves the reliability and stability of implantation in oral implant patients. CBCT effectively evaluated the state of the patient's periodontal implant, analyzed the state of the patient's lesion area, and improved the quality of implant intervention through CBCT guidance. The implantation point deviation was (0.407±0.193) mm, the endpoint deviation was (0.492±0.201) mm, and the implant angle deviation was (2.162±0.283)°. There was no significant difference in implantation point deviation in the anterior and posterior parts of the upper and lower jaws after intervention (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences in endpoint deviation and implant angle deviation among the anterior and posterior parts of the upper and lower jaws (P<0.05). Dynamic navigation guidance effectively improves the reliability and stability of implantation in oral implant patients. However, there is relatively greater endpoint deviation and implant angle deviation in the posterior part of the upper jaw.

Comparative Analysis of Osteoblastic Responses to Titanium and Alumina-Toughened Zirconia Implants: An In Vitro Study.

Osteoblastic responses play a crucial role in the success of oral implants. Enhanced proliferation of osteoblast cells is associated with reduced cell mortality and an increase in bone regeneration. This study aims to evaluate the osteoblastic responses following oral implantation. Osteoblast stem cells were harvested and subsequently cultivated using cell culture techniques. The osteoblastic phenotype of the extracted cells was confirmed by examining the extracellular matrix. Cell morphogenesis on functionalized biomaterial surfaces was assessed through indirect immunofluorescence staining. The cellular response was investigated in the presence of two types of implant materials: titanium (Ti) and alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ). Cell viability and apoptosis were quantitatively assessed using MTT assays and flow cytometry, respectively. The survival of osteoblastic lineage cells was moderately reduced post-implantation. Viability in the Ti implant group remained at approximately 86%, while in the ATZ group, it was observed at 75%, which is considered acceptable. Moreover, there was a significant disparity in cell survival between the two implant groups (p < 0.05). Analysis of apoptosis levels at various concentrations revealed that the rate of apoptosis was 3.6% in the control group and 18.5% in the ATZ group, indicating that apoptosis or programmed cell death in the ATZ-treated group had increased nearly four-fold (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate a reduction in osteoblastic cell line survival following implant treatment, with titanium implants exhibiting superior performance in terms of cell survival. However, it was also noted that the incidence of apoptosis in osteoblast cells was significantly higher in the presence of zirconium-based implants.

Size-Dependent Effect of Titania Nanotubes on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Re-establish Diabetic Macrophages Homeostasis.

In patients with diabetes, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a crucial disrupting factor of macrophage homeostasis surrounding implants, which remains an obstacle to oral implantation success. Notably, the ERS might be modulated by the implant surface morphology. Titania nanotubes (TNTs) may enhance diabetic osseointegration. However, a consensus has not been achieved regarding the tube-size-dependent effect and the underlying mechanism of TNTs on diabetic macrophage ERS. We manufactured TNTs with small (30 nm) and large diameters (100 nm). Next, we assessed how the different titanium surfaces affected diabetic macrophages and regulated ERS and Ca2+ homeostasis. TNTs alleviated the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and ERS in diabetic macrophages. Furthermore, TNT30 was superior to TNT100. Inhibiting ERS abolished the positive effect of TNT30. Mechanistically, topography-induced extracellular Ca2+ influx might mitigate excessive ERS in macrophages by alleviating ER Ca2+ depletion and IP3R activation. Furthermore, TNT30 attenuated the peri-implant inflammatory response and promoted osseointegration in diabetic rats. TNTs with small nanodiameters attenuated ERS and re-established diabetic macrophage hemostasis by inhibiting IP3R-induced ER Ca2+ depletion.

Analysis of acupoint massage combined with touch on relieving anxiety and pain in patients with oral implant surgery.

Oral implant surgery is an effective procedure for artificial implants in missing tooth areas under local anesthesia. Because patients under local anesthesia are conscious during this procedure, compared with general anesthesia-related operations, they are more likely to experience negative emotions, such as anxiety and tension. These emotional reactions result in shivering and chills in the limbs, leading to poor doctor-patient cooperation and even avoidance of treatment. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed that acupoint massage regulates blood and Qi, dredge menstruation, and relieve pain, which is beneficial for patients' emotional adjustment; however, there are few related clinical studies. To observe the changes in anxiety and pain in patients with oral implant after acupoint massage combined with touch therapy. One hundred patients undergoing oral implantation in our hospital between May 2020 and May 2023 were randomly divided into control and study groups, according to a random number table, with 50 patients in each group. The control group received routine intervention, and the study group received acupoint massage combined with touch on the basis of the control group. Anxiety [assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS)], pain severity, blood pressure, heart rate, and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Before intervention, the difference in MDAS score between the two groups was not significant (P > 0.05), while after the intervention, the MDAS scores decreased in both groups compared with those before the intervention (P < 0.05); the MDAS score of the study group was lower than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The degree of pain in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures or heart rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). The systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate in the intervention group, during and after the intervention, were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The total degree of satisfaction in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Acupoint massage combined with touch better relieves anxiety and pain in patients undergoing dental implant surgery, improving the perioperative comfort of these patients and ensuring safety and a smooth operation.

Biomedical Application of CT Assisted CBCT 3D Imaging Technology in Oral Implantation

In the field of oral implantology, our goals were to investigate the diagnostic utility of traditional CT imaging technology and 3D CBCT imaging technology based on the Internet of Things (IoT) dental Computed Tomography assisted CBCT, as well as to compare and contrast their respective advantages. 72 patients were split evenly between two groups: a control group with 35 participants and a study group with 37 participants. (1) Surgical indexes: The operation time of the control group was (27.96+4.64) minutes and (14.08+3.14) minutes, and the intraoperative blood loss was (16.36+2.95) ml and (5.85+0.64) ml, respectively. The time it took to do the procedure in the experimental group was (14.08+3.14) minutes. In the group that was under examination, both the total amount of time spent operating and the amount of blood lost during the procedure were significantly lower (P &lt;0.05). (2) Dental function: There were no statistically significant variations in dental beauty, comfort, chewing, or retention between the two groups before surgery (P &gt;0.05). This was determined by comparing the results of the dental examinations. After surgery, the dental function of the research group was significantly greater than that of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P &lt;0.05). (3) Theraputic effect: the effective rate of the treatment in the control group was 85.71 percent, while the effective rate in the study group was 94.59%. (4) Quality of life: when compared with the control group, the comprehensive quality of life of physiological, social, emotional, and cognitive functions in the research group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05); (5) Satisfaction: the control group’s level of satisfaction was 80.00%, while the study group’s level of satisfaction was 94.59%. (6) Cost: the cost of the treatment in the research group was significantly lower than the cost of the treatment in the control group. As a result, the dental computed tomography assisted cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) 3D imaging technology based on the internet of things should be considered for implementation.

The efficacy and safety of glucocorticoid stent implantation compared with oral glucocorticoid during perioperative period in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Objective:To compare the perioperative efficacy and safety of postoperative oral glucocorticoid and glucocorticoid stent implantation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（CRSwNP） undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery（FESS）. Methods:Sixty patients with bilateral CRSwNP with similar degree of lesions were selected and divided into three groups: conventional surgical treatment group（20 cases）, glucocorticoid stent group（20 cases）, and oral glucocorticoid group（20 cases）. All three groups underwent routine FESS, patients in the sinus glucocorticoid stent group receiving sinus glucocorticoid stent placed in the ethmoid sinuses（one on each side） during surgery, and patients in the oral glucocorticoid group received postoperative oral methylprednisolone at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg per day for 7 days, followed by a tapering of 8 mg per week to 8 mg followed by maintenance therapy for 1 week, for a total of 3-4 weeks. Visual analog scale（VAS） scores were used to evaluate nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, olfaction, and facial pressure symptoms before surgery, as well as at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Nasal endoscopic Lund-Kennedy scores were recorded, and adverse reactions such as stent detachment, stent-related allergic reactions, sleep disorders, edema, gastrointestinal symptoms, rash/acne, behavioral/cognitive changes, weight gain, limb pain, and infection risk were documented. Results:The nasal congestion symptom scores at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery were significantly lower than those before operationin all three groups, and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The sinus glucocorticoid stent group exhibited significantly lower nasal congestion symptom scores at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery compared to the conventional surgical treatment group. The rhinorrhea symptom scores at 2, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery were significantly lower than preoperative scores in all three groups. Additionally, the sinus glucocorticoid stent group had significantly lower rhinorrhea scores than the conventional surgical treatment group at 2 weeks postoperatively. Concerning olfaction, the sinus glucocorticoid stent group showed a significant reduction in scores at 12 weeks postoperatively, while the oral glucocorticoid group exhibited significant improvement starting from 8 weeks after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial pressure, and olfaction scores between the sinus glucocorticoid stent and oral glucocorticoid groups at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Nasal endoscopy scores revealed lower polyp scores and edema at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively for all three groups compared to preoperative scores. The conventional surgical treatment group exhibited a significant reduction in nasal secretion scores starting from 8 weeks after surgery, while both the sinus glucocorticoid stent and oral glucocorticoid groups showed significant reductions starting from 2 weeks postoperatively, with scores significantly lower than those of the conventional surgical treatment group at 2 weeks. Scab/scar scores in the conventional surgical treatment group significantly decreased from 8 weeks after surgery, while both the sinus glucocorticoid stent and oral glucocorticoid groups exhibited significant reductions starting from 4 weeks. No statistically significant differences were observed in endoscopy scores（including polyps, edema, nasal secretion, scars, and scabs） between the sinus glucocorticoid stent and oral glucocorticoid groups at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Regarding adverse reactions, no postoperative complications related to sinus glucocorticoid stent were observed in the sinus glucocorticoid stent group. In the oral glucocorticoid group,1 patient experienced irritability, and 1 patient experienced weight gain. Conclusion:The glucocorticoid stent implantation has comparable effects to oral glucocorticoid in improving postoperative nasal symptoms, reducing nasal mucosal edema, scar formation, and nasal secretion in patients with CRSwNP undergoing FESS, with a better safety profile.

Efficacy of positive space acquiring membrane and antimicrobial membrane combined with granular bone substitute implantation in guiding oral bone regeneration.

Augmentation of the alveolar bone is important before oral implantation. For large bone defects, it becomes necessary to apply guided bone regeneration (GBR) materials, accompanied by filling defect sites with autologous or allogeneic bone, or bone substitutes such as acellular bone powder. In this study, we tested a granular bone substitute and GBR membrane combination therapy in treating MC3T3-E1 and L929 cells in vitro and rat calvarial and alveolar defects in vivo. The recovery conditions of bone defects were monitored by micro-CT, and 3D reconstruction of the CT images was applied to evaluate the bone augmentation semi-quantitatively. Test GBR materials could support the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, poly (p-dioxanone-co-L-phenylalanine) (PDPA)-based membrane could induce apoptosis of L929 cells. Among GBR membranes applied groups, the regeneration condition of defected calvarial defects of PDPA based membrane applied group was the best and this may be caused by its excellent positive space acquiring effect. However, in a complex bacteriogenic environment, the oral bone regeneration-guided efficacy of the PDPA membrane decreased in the post-repair stage with the aggravation of infections. By contrast, the antimicrobial membrane combined with the PDPA membrane exhibited continually increasing GBR efficacy at the later stage of repair owing to its multifunctional properties, which are infection-inhibiting and positive space acquiring. Therefore, multifunctional GBR membranes are preferable for GBR in complex oral environments, and further research should be conducted to determine their efficacy in other models.

Silk Fibroin/ZnO Coated TiO2 Nanotubes for Improved Antimicrobial Effect of Ti Dental Implants.

The aim of the present research is to develop a novel hybrid coating for a Ti dental implant that combines nature-inspired biomimetic polymers and TiO2 nanostructures with an entrapped ZnO antimicrobial agent. ZnO was used in other studies to cover the surface of Ti or Ti-Zr to reduce the need of clinical antibiotics, prevent the onset of peri-implantitis, and increase the success rate of oral clinical implantation. We developed an original coating that represents a promising approach in clinical dentistry. The titanium surface was first anodized to obtain TiO2 nanotubes (NT). Subsequently, on the NT surface, silk fibroin isolated from Bombyx mori cocoons was deposited as nanofibers using the electrospun technique. For an improved antibacterial effect, ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated in this biopolymer using three different methods. The surface properties of the newly created coatings were assessed to establish how they are influenced by the most important features: morphology, wettability, topography. The evaluation of stability by electrochemical methods in simulated physiological solutions was discussed more in detail, considering that it could bring necessary information related to the behavior of the implant material. All samples had improved roughness and hydrophilicity, as well as corrosion stability (with protection efficiency over 80%). The antibacterial test shows that the functional hybrid coating has good antibacterial activity because it can inhibit the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus up to 53% and Enterococcus faecalis up to 55%. All Ti samples with the modified surface have proven superior properties compared with unmodified TiNT, which proved that they have the potential to be used as implant material in dentistry.

Progress in Application of Concentrated Growth Factor in Oral Tissue Regeneration

Tissue regeneration is an important engineering method for the treatment of oral soft and hard tissue defects.Growth factors,as one of the three elements of tissue regeneration,are a necessary condition for tissue regeneration.Concentrated growth factor(CGF)is a new generation of blood extract prepared by changing the centrifugal speed on the basis of the preparation of platelet-rich plasma(PRP)and platelet-rich fibrin(PRF).It contains abundant growth factors and a fibrin matrix with a three-dimensional network structure,being capable of activating angiogenesis and promoting tissue regeneration and healing.CGF has been widely used in the repair and regeneration of oral soft and hard tissues.This paper introduces the preparation and composition of CGF and reviews the application of CGF in oral implantation and the regeneration of oral bone tissue,periodontal tissue,and dental pulp tissue.

Platelet-rich fibrin combined with new bone graft material for mandibular defect repair: A in vivo study on rabbits.

Insufficient bone mass is still a difficult point to be solved in oral implantation, so new bone graft materials are continuously researched and discussed in clinical practice in order to obtain better bone augmentation. In order to explore whether platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can promote the formation of new bone in mineralized collagen (MC), MC/PRF and pure MC were implanted into the bilateral mandibular defect model in rabbits, respectively. Micro-CT scan and histological evaluation of the target area at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. The results of Micro-CT three-dimensional reconstruction analysis showed that the ratio of bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tb.N), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular bone separation (Tb.Sp) and residual material volume fraction (RMVF) in the MC/PRF group were better than those in the MC group (p<0.05). The results of HE and Masson staining showed that the new bone formation and material degradation rate of the MC/PRF group were better than those of the MC group. The results suggest that PRF can accelerate the formation of new bone in MC, and provide new ideas for the clinical application of new bone graft materials.

N-acetyl Cysteine Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of LPSInduced MC3T3-E1 Cells Via Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines.

Peri-implantitis is one of the most common complications in oral implantation and could lead to the loss of the function of bone tissues around implants. This study used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a stimulant for MC3T3-E1 cells and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as an inhibitor to inhibit the effect of LPS to investigate the effect of NAC on the expression of bone formation related factors and inflammatory-related factors of osteoblasts under the action of LPS. In this study, we found that the cell proliferation and cell differentiation were significantly promoted when NAC concentrations were between 0 ~ 0.5 mM, but were inhibited when the concentration exceeded 0.5 mM. LPS had a slightly promoting effect on the cell proliferation before 20 μg/mL but inhibited the cell proliferation after 20 μg/mL. LPS reduced protein and gene expressions of Runx2, ALP and BGP and increased protein and gene expressions of NF-κB and TNF-α. NAC reversibly regulated the LPS's regulation on the expression of MC3T3-E1 cell cytokine gene and protein. The optimal NAC concentration for treating MC3T3-E1 cells is 0.5 mM, and the optimal LPS concentration for stimulating MC3T3-E1 cells is 20 μg/mL. NAC plays an active role in regulating the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, and can inhibit LPS to regulate the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. NAC promotes the expression of an osteogenic factor of MC3T3-E1cells and inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines.

Effects of strontium and cobalt codoped nanotube implants on osseointegration in osteoporotic rats

Osteoporosis patients are prone to surgical failure after oral implantation due to the low bone density and poor bone healing ability. Improving the osseointegration effect by processing the surface topography of the implant is a promising method. Using the TiO2 nanotubes as a new type of carrier to load metal elements is a good strategy for preparing multifunctional implant coatings that have both the required osteogenic and angiogenic activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of new-type implants on osseointegration by constructing strontium and cobalt codoped nanotubes in osteoporotic rats. Our results demonstrated that it induced more new bone formation and tighter osseointegration which may provide a new strategy for osteoporosis patients who need implant surgery.

Accuracy of computer-guided oral implant placement and influencing factors

With the development of computer and digital technology, the application of computer-aided technology has become a new trend in the field of oral implant. Computer-guided oral implant surgery has the advantages of being safer and more accurate than traditional implant surgery, and it can truly realize the concept of restoration-oriented implant. However, computer-guided oral implant surgery has various steps which cause deviations accumulation, so that some clinicians remain sceptical about the accuracy of the technology. Currently, due to the lack of a quantitative system for evaluating the accuracy of computer-guided oral implantation, the implant deviation in each step is still inconclusively in the stage of research and debate. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the advantages and disadvantages, research progress, accuracy and influencing factors of computer-guided oral implantation, aiming to provide a reference for improving implant accuracy and guiding clinical design and surgery.

Association between the development stage of the oral health care network and primary health care coverage in a state of southeastern Brazil

Aim: The present study analyzed the association between the development stage of the oral health care network in a Brazilian state and oral health coverage of Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted with 205 municipal oral health coordinators of a state in the southeast of Brazil. Data collection was carried out through a validated questionnaire. Descriptive and cluster analysis were performed. Variables oral health coverage (total PHC and in the Family Health Strategy – FHS), allocation factor (AF) of financial resources, and expanded health area of municipalities were compared with the clusters (p &lt; 0.05). Results: Cluster 1 was classified as containing incipient health care networks (n = 109), and cluster 2 was classified as containing advanced health care networks (n = 96). Descriptive analysis showed that oral health coverage in total PHC was 100% and in FHS was 78.1%. The majority of municipalities were classified in quartiles AF 1 and 2. The expanded health areas with the highest number of municipalities were South and Southeast. Clusters were associated with total PHC coverage (p = 0.038) and FHS (p = 0.009), and no association between clusters with AF (p = 0.754) and expanded health area of municipalities (p = 0.519). Conclusion: The municipalities’ PHC coverage was related to the effectiveness of oral health network implantation.

Strontium-Loaded Nanotubes of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloys for Biomedical Implantation.

Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448) alloys, with a relatively low elastic modulus and unique mechanical properties, are desirable materials for oral implantation. In the current study, a multifaceted strontium-incorporating nanotube coating was fabricated on a Ti2448 alloy (Ti2-NTSr) through anodization and hydrothermal procedures. In vitro, the Ti2-NTSr specimens demonstrated better osteogenic properties and more favorable osteoimmunomodulatory abilities. Moreover, macrophages on Ti2-NTSr specimens could improve the recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. In vivo, dense clots with highly branched, thin fibrins and small pores existed on the Ti2-NTSr implant in the early stage after surgery. Analysis of the deposition of Ca and P elements, hard tissue slices and the bone-implant contact rate (BIC%) of the Ti2-NTSr implants also showed superior osseointegration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Ti2-NTSr coating may maximize the clinical outcomes of Ti2448 alloys for implantation applications.

Anesthetic Effect of Compound Artevacaine Hydrochloride in Patients Undergoing Oral Implantation

Objective: To investigate and analyze the anesthetic effect of compound artevacaine hydrochloride in patients undergoing oral implantation. Methods: In this study, 60 patients receiving oral implant surgery in our hospital were selected as the research subjects, and the operation time was from July 2019 to March 2021. Patients were randomly selected and divided into groups for the study. 30 patients receiving lidocaine hydrochloride anesthesia were used as the control group, and 30 patients receiving compound artevacaine hydrochloride anesthesia were used as the research group. The anesthetic effect and safety of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The anesthetic effect of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The blood pressure and heart rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups before anesthesia (P &gt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of ADR between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: For patients undergoing oral implant surgery, choosing compound artevacaine hydrochloride as anesthetic drug has obvious anesthetic effect and can stabilize patients' life indexes. The anesthetic effect is obvious, and there is no obvious adverse reaction, and the clinical value is obvious.

Gold Standards in Periodontics: A Review

The field of dentistry has evolved where people expect the best oral health care from specialists. Periodontics is that specialty of dentistry which deals with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Almost half of the world's population is suffering from periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is the sixth most common chronic diseases in the world and along with dental caries, the most common cause of tooth loss. Through the effort of various professional organisations and research, various reliable products and treatment modalities have been developed. A gold standard is a benchmark which has been thoroughly tested and has reputation as a reliable modality. Some of established gold standards in periodontics include: periodontal probing, measurement of clinical attachment loss, bone loss, cone beam computed tomography, quantitative polymerase chain reaction tests, biopsies as investigative techniques; periodontal debridement, subepithelial connective tissue graft for recession coverage, lasers, autogenous bone in alveolar ridge augmentation prior to oral implantation, dental implant as reconstruction of missing dentition, and chlorhexidine mouth wash as treatment options. The objective of the review is to provide critical evaluation of the data available from existing studies in Periodontics which can help identify potential research areas to explore.

Vitamin D Effects on Guided Bone Regeneration and Osseointegration of Dental Implants (Literature Review)

Background.Due to the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency as well as the frequency of reconstructive surgical interventions followed by dental implantation, the issue arises concerning the effect of Vitamin D on reparative regeneration of bone and osseointegration of dental implants.The purpose using literature data we are conducting an impact assessment of vitamin D on reparative regeneration of bone tissue, in particular, after oral reconstruction surgeries and dental implantation.Methods.Retrieval, systematization and analysis of scientific data on application of vitamin D supplementation and its effect on reparative regeneration of jaw bone tissue.The conclusions.For the most part, the positive effect exerted on reparative regeneration of jaw bone tissue and osseointegration of dental implants is due to the role of vitamin D in physiological processes evolving in bone tissue, namely maintenance of calcium and phosphate exchange through intestinal absorption and TNF, RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) and consequently differentiation of precursors to osteoclasts into osteoclasts through VDR stimulation (VitaminD Receptor) receptors for further osteogenesis. Also, according to literature data, FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor) protein is a marker of osteoblasts differentiation into osteocytes, it is also known that FGF23 and 1,25(ОН)2D3 are genetically related. FGF23 is the main regulator of both phosphate exchange in bones and metabolism of vitamin D and its metabolites. Besides, indirect anti-inflammatory effect has been observed thanks to inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Taking into account the abovementioned data, of particular relevance is the definition of serum concentration 25(ОН)D and development of schemes of vitamin D level pre-surgery correction in patients, who have to undergo oral reconstruction surgeries and dental implantation. Mass spectrometry is a promising diagnostic method for determining the level of vitamin D in a body, as it allows to identify the actual amount of vitamin D free from admixture of other steroid hormones. The introduction of this method into clinical practice will allow to monitor the level of vitamin D in patients, receiving reconstructive and rehabilitative treatment.