Oral Hygiene Index Research Articles

The relationship between oral and dental health and appendicitis

Aims: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the scores of the “Simplified Oral Hygiene Index” (OHI-S) indicating poor oral hygiene and the “Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth” (DMFT) index indicating oral health impairment, and acute appendicitis (AA).
 Methods: Eighty four patients who were operated on with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis between April 2022 and May 2023 were included. The control group included 32 individuals without a history of appendectomy. In our study, oral health was evaluated using the DMFT and OHI-S indices. The DMFT index is one of the indices quantifying dental health status based on the number of cavities. OHI-S is an index used to evaluate oral hygiene.
 Results: The OHI-S index scores of the patients with AA were significantly higher than those of the control group (3.53±1.43, 2.56±1.24, p

MEGI'S BOOK AS AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE KNOWLEDGE AND REDUCE PLAQUE SCORE FOR CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Background: Intellectual disabilities is a term used to refer to children who experience limitations in their intellectual functioning. Such limitations in the learning process can affect their dental and oral hygiene. A total of 22 children with intellectual disabilities at Cineam State Special Elementary School (SDLB), Tasikmalaya Regency, underwent OHI-S (Simplified oral hygiene index) assessment based on specific criteria. Objective: This study aims to identify the impact of the using of scheduled diary media containing pictures of brushing teeth (MEGI) on the level of knowledge and dental and oral hygiene in children with intellectual disabilities. The research method used is quasi-experimental research with a one group pre-post test design. 33 samples of children with intellectual disabilities were selected using the purposive sampling method. After that, an oral hygiene index (OHI-S) was checked and a questionnaire was distributed to measure their level of knowledge. The collected data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with the help of the SPSS application. Results: The results of statistical analysis (p < 0.005), showed a significant influence between counseling and the level of knowledge and dental and oral hygiene of respondents. Conclusion: The media of megi book”s ith pictures of brushing teeth have a positive influence on increasing knowledge and dental and oral hygiene in children with intellectual disabilities.

Comparison of the effectiveness of red ginseng herbal mouth rinse with chlorhexidine and saline in oral cancer patients: A pilot double-blinded randomized control trial.

Red ginseng is an herb with many medicinal properties and aids as a mouth rinse with fewer side effects than chlorhexidine. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of red ginseng herbal mouth rinses with those of chlorhexidine and saline in oral cancer patients. The present pilot study was a double-blinded randomized control trial with 45 histopathologically diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma patients divided into three groups: two intervention groups (herbal and chlorhexidine mouth rinse) and one control group (saline). Saliva samples for each patient were collected at baseline and after 14 days of using the mouth rinses. A microbiological examination of salivary samples was done by analysing total oral bacterial load along with specific counts for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum at baseline and after the usage of mouth rinse. The data normality was analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and following the normal distribution of data, parametric tests were employed. Paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance, followed by post hoc Bonferroni test, were used for inter-group and intra-group differences. There was a significant mean difference in total colony count, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis with oral hygiene index and gingival index improvement in the red ginseng herbal mouth rinse group when compared to the chlorhexidine and saline groups. In this study, red ginseng mouth rinse exhibited an increased antibacterial effect compared to chlorhexidine and saline. Hence, red ginseng mouth rinse can be used in oral cancer patients to maintain oral health, thereby improving the prognosis of these patients.

Comparison of the Oral Hygiene Status in Children With and Without Juvenile Diabetes - A Comparative Study.

The rise in awareness programs with regard to the maintenance of oral hygiene in children with diabetes has led to a hypothetical question if children with juvenile diabetes are still under the risk of developing dental caries and having poor oral hygiene. To compare the oral hygiene status of the children with and without juvenile diabetes. The study was conducted as age and sex matched case-control study. Sixty-six children diagnosed with juvenile diabetes were compared with the age and sex matched 66 healthy controls with respect to the oral hygiene index, gingival index and DMFT/def index. Mean of the obtained scores of the variables were compared between the groups using Mann-Whitney test with significance level set at 5%. No statistically significant differences were noted in the gingival condition and dental caries experience between the children with and without juvenile diabetes (P = 0.820; 0.504; 0.422). However, the overall oral hygiene status was found to be poor in children with juvenile diabetes (P = 0.003). No significant differences were observed in the gingival status and the dental caries prevalence between the two groups.

Assessment of Oral Health Status of Differently Abled Children in Avadi Taluk, Tiruvallur District: A Cross-sectional Study

Aim: To assess the oral health status of differently abled children in Avadi Taluk, Tiruvallur District. Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out at the Carmel Special School in Avadi Taluk, Tiruvallur District. The study included 131 participants (68 men and 63 women). The age of the participants ranged from 10 to 18 years. The subjects underwent a clinical oral examination after recording participant’s medical and dental histories. Results: The mean Simplified Oral Hygiene Index score for the study population was 3.12 ± 1.12 and the mean DMFS score was 8.9 ± 5.69, and the fluorosis index of the teeth was also measured, showing that 14% of participants had mild fluorosis and <3% of participants had moderate fluorosis. Conclusion: This study provides enough proof to conclude that, differently abled children’s oral health was below average and there was an increased unmet requirement for dental care. Children with disabilities face more significant obstacles in maintaining proper oral hygiene and accessing adequate health care, primarily because their limited motor skills and intellectual abilities often prevent them from engaging in essential practices like tooth brushing.

ASSESSMENT OF LABIAL FRENAL ATTACHMENT AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ORAL HYGIENE STATUS

Background: Maxillary labial frenum is a mucous membrane fold which shows variation in morphology, position. This anatomic structure presents with variety of orofacial problems leading to diastema, phonetic, periodontal, and orthodontic issues thus affecting growth and development. Hence it is mandatory to examine the frenal attachment during oral examination. With this the study was aimed to assess the prevalence of the various types of maxillary labial frenum attachment among the patients and its association with oral hygiene status. Methods: A total of 260 patients aged from 18 to 35years were clinically examined to evaluate the type of frenal attachment using Placek’s classification. Oral hygiene index (simplified) was recorded and data was analyzed statistically. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0 with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most of the individuals 136 (52.3%) had gingival type of frenum followed by mucosal 92 (35.38%), papillary 21 (8.07%), and least with papillary penetrating 11(4.23%). There was statistically significance between frenum attachment and gender. The relationship of frenal attachment with oral hygiene status was found to be significant. Conclusions: In terms of maxillary labial frenum attachment type, gingival frenal type was the most predominant types among the study sample with a low incidence of papillary penetrating frenal attachment. The study showed strong association between type of frenal attachment and oral hygiene status.

Comparison of Powered Toothbrushes and Manual Toothbrushes in Removing Dental Plaque among Children with hearing Disabilities: A Randomized Pilot Study

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the the effectiveness of plaque removal between manual and powered toothbrushes in hearing impaired children. Maintaining a good quality of life requires optimal levels of oral hygiene. In differently abled subjects, manual dexterity may be slightly compromised, which is why powered toothbrushes were initially designed to help overcome the slight deficit. METHODOLOGY: A parallel arm, randomized study was conducted. Twenty two congenitally hearing-impaired participants aged eighteen to twenty two of age were recruited from National Special Education Centre for Hearing Impaired Children,Islamabad. They were randomly divided into two groups of eleven participants. Plaque levels were evaluated on the first day and plaque removal effectiveness of powered toothbrushes compared with manual toothbrush was checked on the eighth day. Plaque scores were evaluated using the simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Turesky's Modification of Quigley Hein Plaque Index. RESULTS: No significant difference of Mean score in effectiveness of plaque removal between manual and powered toothbrushes was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Manual and powered toothbrushes are equally effective at plaque . More studies highlighting cost effectiveness and patient's perception regarding ease of use are required to confirm results. KEYWORDS: Differently abled patients, manual toothbrushes, electric toothbrushes, oral hygiene.

Effect of the Snake and Ladder Game on Behavior and OHI-S Index of Deaf Children

Deafness in children is one of the obstacles in gaining knowledge about dental and oral health. It also has an impact on attitudes and behavior of maintaining dental health. Therefore, dental health education accompanied by the right tools is needed to help in conveying information to deaf children in order to ensure the message is received clearly. This research aims to determine the effect of dental health education on the behavior and index of dental and oral hygiene of deaf children by using snake and ladder game. Methods: A quasi-experimental method with a non-randomized control group pre and post-test design was used, while 123 students aged 10-12 years were taken as a sample from 3 Special Schools in the Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The variables measured were the behavior of maintaining dental health and the Oral Hygiene Index Simplifies (OHI-S). Afterward, data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and the Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that there were significant differences in dental health maintenance behavior and the OHI-S index in the treatment group (p<0.05). While the Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between the treatment and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The snake and ladder game are able to improve dental and oral health maintenance behavior as well as reduce the OHI-S index in deaf children.

Efficacy of amobile phone application for the improvement of oral hygiene of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment : Arandomized controlled clinical trial.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of amobile phone application (app) to improve oral hygiene of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with atotal of 60patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in two groups: intervention and control (n = 30 each). Apreviously designed mobile app (Labkhand) was used by patients in the intervention group. Orthodontic plaque index (OPI) and modified gingival index (MGI) were recorded in the two groups at baseline (first session or T0), and after 1 (T1) and 3 (T2) months. The number of debonded/broken brackets was also recorded, and pain score of the patients was assessed at nine time points. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test, paired t‑test, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA; α = 0.05). The two groups demonstrated no significant difference in OPI and MGI at T0 (P > 0.05). OPI and MGI at T1 and T2 were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The number of patients with broken brackets in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.017). The two groups reported no significant difference in pain score (P > 0.05). The Labkhand mobile app successfully improved oral hygiene indices of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, and decreased the frequency of broken brackets after 1 and 3months of use.

Association between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and periodontal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Although periodontal diseases have been widely reported in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), their association with JIA remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between JIA and periodontal diseases to facilitate oral health management and periodontal disease prevention in JIA patients. We conducted a comprehensive search of Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal (VIP) database, Wan Fang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) up to 30 September 2022, without publication dates or language restrictions. Two authors independently evaluated observational studies for inclusion, and the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Continuous variables are presented as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Parameters of the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing depth (PD) were considered as outcome measures and were compared between JIA patients and healthy controls. The initial search comprised 15 studies with a total of 1537 individuals. The meta-analysis showed the parameters of OHI-S (MD = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04-0.19, p = 0.002), PI (MD = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.67-2.50, p < 0.00001), GI (MD = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.17-0.82, p = 0.003), CAL (MD = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.01-0.43, p = 0.04), and PD (MD = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.08-2.77, p = 0.04) in JIA patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. All of the included studies were of high quality. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed a possible association between JIA and periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is recommended to continuously pay attention to the periodontal health of JIA patients and fully explore the underlying mechanism.

Periodontal health status among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with age- and gender-matched controls.

Periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share a pathogenic mechanism that involves activating and using inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils, which generate pathological changes in various tissues with a chronic degenerative outcome. the aim of this study was to assess and compare the periodontal health status among COPD patients with age- and gender-matched controls. All the patients aged >30 years who were diagnosed with COPD by the physician were included as cases, while people who are apparently healthy and age and gender matched with cases were included as controls. Data on demographic details, socioeconomic status (Kuppuswamy scale), deleterious oral habits, and oral hygiene practices were obtained. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and the WHO basic oral health survey proforma (1997) were used to obtain the data on oral hygiene and periodontal status respectively. Most cases had moderate COPD severity (58.25%). The overall mean OHI-S, CPI, and LOA were higher among cases (3.92 ± 0.95, 3.68 ± 0.60, and 2.33 ± 1.10, respectively) in comparison to controls. Further, among cases, the mean oral hygiene and periodontitis increased with increased severity of COPD. Although among both cases and controls, gender, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption influenced their periodontal status, significant odds of higher risk were seen only among cases. Further, subjects with COPD had higher odds of having poor oral hygiene, deeper pocket depths, and LOA. A strong association between COPD and periodontitis was observed. The oral hygiene and periodontal disease worsened with the severity of COPD.

Tooth Wear and Periodontal Status in a Cluster of Middle-Aged Adults in Northern Greece

The present observational study aims to investigate the prevalence of tooth wear (TW) in a cluster of Northern Greek adults aged 35–44 years and, additionally, to assess any probable associations and interrelationships between TW and periodontal condition and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional design was embraced identically to our previous study on senior citizens. A sample of 531 individuals was considered, and they were examined according to WHO guidelines for national pathfinder surveys by three calibrated dentists-examiners in different urban and rural areas of Northern Greece. Simplified Tooth Wear Index (TWI), Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Attachment Loss (AL) and simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) were screened and calculated in a patient-level approach. TW is quite prevalent among middle-aged adults in Northern Greece, although it remains lower compared to older age groups. All the aforementioned periodontal indices were correlated significantly with TW; moreover, a tendency was detected for there to be more tooth wear in older age participants within the specific age group, in men as compared with women, in persons with lower educational levels and in those residing in rural areas.

Clinical and oral microbiome pattern of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis.

Halitosis is caused by a bacterial proteolytic process that induces the production of volatile sulfur compounds, odor-causing gases. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical oral hygiene state and oral microbiome pattern of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis. The oral hygiene state of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis was assessed using the oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S), decay missing filled teeth (DMFT), and tongue biofilm. The dorsum of the tongue and subgingival swabs were cultured for bacteria, and bacterial morphology was evaluated using Gram staining. Evaluation of the bacterial genus using the Bergey's systematic bacteriology diagram as a guide. A total of ten patients with periodontitis and gingivitis were included. Our data indicated that the scores of OHI-S and DMFT were different significantly between halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis (both had p<0.001) while tongue biofilm score was not different between groups. On the dorsum of the tongue, periodontitis patients had a significant higher oral microbiome population (85.65x106 CFU/mL) compared to those with gingivitis (0.047x106 CFU/mL) with p=0.002. In contrast, the number of microbiomes in the subgingival had no significant different between periodontitis and gingivitis. On the dorsum of the tongue, six bacterial genera were isolated from periodontitis cases and seven genera were detected from gingivitis patients. On subgingival, 10 and 15 genera were identified from periodontitis and gingivitis, respectively. Fusobacterium, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium and Lactobacillus were the most prevalent among periodontitis cases while Porphyromonas was the most prevalent in gingivitis patients. In conclusion, although OHI-S and DMFT are different between periodontitis and gingivitis, overlapping of bacterial genera was detected between periodontitis and gingivitis cases.

MENTAL DEPRESSION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial, polymicrobial disease causing inflammation in the supporting structures of the teeth. There is a plethora of non oral risk factors which have been reported to aid in the development of chronic periodontitis. Psychological stress and depression have been documented to have a negative impact on the periodontal health. Depression is associated with negligent oral health care leading to poor periodontal health. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between periodontal clinical parameters and depression. Methodology: The study design was a case-control study with 25 patients each in the Case and Control group. Case group consisted of patients diagnosed with depression by a specialist in the medical OPD. Control group consisted of the patients living in the same environment with similar background characteristics. All the cases and controls were assessed for the severity of depression by Hamilton Depression rating scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Periodontal parameters were assessed by using Oral Hygiene index Debris Index (DI) and Calculus Index (CI), Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical attachment loss (CAL). Results: In this study significant relationship is seen between subjects with depression and periodontal clinical parameters (DI, CI, GI, and PPD, CAL) as compared to the healthy subjects. Also it is seen that as the severity of depression increases, the periodontal condition deteriorates as reported by increased values of all the clinical parameters used in the study although, the relationship is not significant. Conclusion: After evaluating depression and periodontal clinical parameters we came to a conclusion that both diseases are related to each other and that stress or depression highly affects the periodontal health and therefore can be considered as a risk factor to periodontitis.

Effect of Oral Health and Toothbrushing Performance on Halitosis among People with Intellectual Disabilities

Background: Halitosis is considered unpleasant in social settings, including among family members and close friends. The level of halitosis acts as a negative factor in personal relationships and social activities and causes psychological and emotional problems such as discouragement by affecting isolation, and a sense of pride. We aimed to analyze the factors affecting halitosis, focusing on oral health and toothbrushing performance of people with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Study participants were 20 people with intellectual disabilities residing in a residential care facility. We assessed halitosis level using a 6-point Likert scale. We assessed oral pain using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Debris and calculus level was assessed with the simplified oral hygiene index. The assessment of toothbrushing performance level performed using the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index; performance time was measured with a stopwatch. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between the level of halitosis and calculus (+), and toothbrushing performance level (−). As a result of casual relationship analysis, toothbrushing performance (−) was the only effect factor influencing halitosis level. Conclusions: To manage the halitosis level of people with intellectual disabilities, education and training for toothbrushing performance, as well as comprehensive assessment of performance are needed. Also, active interventions and approaches should be used to teach and maintain performance as a habit.

School dental health education on oral hygiene status in Brazilian Quilombolas: a prospective study

ABSTRACT We evaluated a school dental health education on the oral hygiene status in Quilombolas of the Brazilian Amazon. This is a prospective study. We included schoolchildren aged from 5 to 12 years and carried out an oral health education program for 4 months, totaling eight workshops held in the community school that provided physical structure and material resources for their development. We evaluated oral hygiene before and after the intervention period through clinical examination with the instrument Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) is the combination of bacterial plaque indices. Before the intervention, all schoolchildren were instructed to use the plaque-revealing tablet after unsupervised toothbrushing and before any oral hygiene guidance given by the dentist who conducted the playful workshops on the premises of the school. Quantitative variables (OHI-S and age) with normal distribution (p > 0.05, Shapiro-Wilk test) are presented as means and standard deviations. Those with non-normal distribution (p < 0.05, Shapiro-Wilk test) are presented as medians and 25–75 percentiles. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for within-group comparisons. We observed a significant difference in the mean scores of the oral hygiene index simplified (p < 0.001) before and after the intervention and 56.25% of the participants improved their oral hygiene condition. The results of this study provide evidence to support the importance of personalized educational initiatives to promote oral health in marginalized groups. However, it is important to recognize the limitations of the study, such as the relatively small sample size and the lack of a control group, which may require further investigation in future research.

Frequency tongue coating in patients referred to Kerman Dental School and its relationship with relative factors

ObjectiveThere has been shown a relationship between “tongue coating” and “Simplified Oral Health Index, periodontal status, modified mallampati classification (MMC) of the oropharynx and oral malodor”. The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of tongue coating and relative factors (sex, age, smoking, systemic disease and oral health indices) among patients referred to Dental School of Kerman University.MethodsIn this cross sectional study 250 patients referred to dental school of Kerman university of medical sciences were examined. The data collection form was included demographic data (gender, age, history of systemic disease and smoking) and Oral health indices such as TCI (Tongue coating index), OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index), MGI (Modified Gingival Index), MMC and lost teeth. The analysis have been done using SPSS21, T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis (significance level was set at less than 0.05).ResultsTongue coating has been shown in 96% of patients with the mean percent of 45.83 ± 19.16%. Men had higher percent of TCI though it was not statistically significant. Smoking was the strongest determinant factor in people with higher TCI scores (P = 0.013). There was a positive significant correlation between OHI-S and TCI [(Pearson’s coefficient(r) = 0.134, P = 0.034)].ConclusionTCI appears to be related to smoking and Simplified Oral Health Index. The evaluation of tongue coating is necessary to assess its impact on oral health status and also to motivate patients to clean their tongue as a part of their oral health care routine.

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СИНБИОТИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS ЛИЗАТ, У ПОДРОСТКОВ С ВЫСОКИМ РИСКОМ КАРИЕСА

Relevance. Assessment of the risk of occurrence, prevention and treatment of caries and gingivitis in adolescents.&#x0D; Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of an oral rinse containing Streptococcus thermophilus lysate in adolescents with a high risk of caries.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The examined 25 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years used a mouthwash "Dentabalance ®" synbiotic complex for a month. The effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures was evaluated before and after a month of using the rinse aid by the oral hygiene index OHI-S, periodontal index PMA and indicators of mixed saliva by determining the activity of enzymes by spectrophotometric method: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (alkaline phosphatase) in IU/l; by gas-liquid chromatography, the amount of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in mol/l.&#x0D; Results. High index values were observed in adolescents with a high risk of caries of permanent teeth: CPU (6,7), OHI-S (2,43 ± 0,07), PMA (62,1 ± 3,0%). In the mixed saliva, increased activity of enzymes was detected, the values of which were AST — 42.0 ± 8.1IU/l; LDH — 490 ± 51.2 IU/l; SCHF — 30.6 ± 1.94IU /l, the indicators of acetic and propionic acids were 2.38 ± 0.48 mol/l and 0.25 ± 0.03 mol/l, respectively, and the content of butyric acid was not determined.&#x0D; After the use of a mouthwash containing Streptococcus thermophilus lysate by adolescents, the indicators of the hygiene index OHI-S decreased statistically significantly (p &lt; 0.05) by 54.1% and the values of the PMA index by 53.3%; in mixed saliva, a decrease in the activity of AST was determined by 3.5 times, LDH by 4.7 times, alkaline phosphatase by 1.4 times, and also, the number of short-chain organic acids — acetic by 4.7 times and propionic by 1.4 times.&#x0D; Conclusions. The Dentabalance ® mouthwash is a synbiotic complex containing Streptococcus thermophilus lysate, has an anti-carious and anti-inflammatory effect, which allows it to be recommended for use by adolescents with a high risk of caries and gingivitis.Relevance: Due to the high prevalence of caries and inflammatory lesions of periodontal tissues in adolescents, the assessment of the risk of occurrence, prevention and treatment of these diseases remains relevant.

Efficacy Evaluation of Combination Therapy in Patients with Generalized Periodontitis According to the Index Estimation of Periodontal Status: Experimental Randomized Single-Arm Study

Background. Treatment and prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases represent a serious general medical and social problem, which remains relevant due to the significant prevalence of periodontitis among the population, as well as the associated loss of teeth and the negative impact of periodontal foci of infection on the body as a whole. Chronic generalized periodontitis is difficult to treat: it is only possible to achieve periods of remission. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical importance to develop further ways to improve methods for treating inflammatory-dystrophic damage of periodontal tissues in chronic generalized periodontitis.Objective. To perform an index estimation of treatment efficacy in patients with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis.Methods. An experimental randomized single-arm study was conducted examining 204 patients diagnosed with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Patient examination and data analysis were carried out at the Dentistry Department of the Stavropol State Medical University and the Department for General Practice Dentistry of the Kuban State Medical University in 2021–2022. The study included patients aged 35 to 65 years diagnosed with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Patients with somatic diseases in the decompensation stage were not eligible for the study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (closed-envelope method). Group 1 was treated using conventional methods. As well as conventional therapy, Group 2 was prescribed vitamin D (Aquadetrim® at a dose of 5000 IU once per day while monitoring vitamin D blood level). The third group of patients was prescribed conventional therapy along with the developed pharmacotherapy, which included vitamin D (Aquadetrim® at a dose of 5000 IU once per day), vitamin A (3.44% oil solution of retinol acetate at a dose of 50 000 IU, 15 min after a morning meal), and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (Mexidol® at a dose of 125 mg twice a day). In each patient, the treatment efficacy was analyzed in adjacent oral cavity segments (split-mouth design) according to clinical pocket depth, attachment loss, and bleeding on probing. Also, the authors used the X-ray index to assess the condition of osseous structures and the simplified oral hygiene index. The specified indices were estimated prior to treatment and at one and 12 months following treatment. The statistical analysis of study results was performed using Excel Microsoft Office 2016 (Microsoft, USA).Results. The obtained data indicate that the immediate clinical outcomes (after one month) of combination therapy in patients from all three groups were approximately the same. However, the efficacy of treatment measures in the long-term period (12 months) was different, as evidenced by the dynamics of index values. Only in Group 3 patients, the full implementation of pharmacotherapeutic measures as part of the combination therapy of periodontitis ensured a stable therapeutic effect throughout the entire period of observation.Conclusion. The data obtained 12 months following treatment indicate that the additional prescription of the developed pharmacotherapy contributed to prompt inflammation relief in periodontal tissues, providing a stable treatment outcome and long-term remission.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Synbiotic Mouthwash in Patients with Dyscirculatory Encephalopathy: Observational Clinical Study

Background. At present, the priority direction of medical science and practice is the prevention of dental diseases, especially in patients with somatic pathology. Patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy develop a complex of neurological disorders, accompanied by impaired motor functions of hands, lips and chewing muscles, which leads to ineffective cleansing of the oral cavity from food residues and formation of soft and mineralized dental deposits on the dental surface. Therefore, these patients should use additional personal hygiene products.Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of hygienic care in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy using mouthwash with synbiotic complex.Methods. An observational clinical study was conducted on the basis of Neurology Unit No. 2 of Research Center of Neurology, Department of Cariology and Endodontics and Department of Biological Chemistry, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University. The study enrolled 82 patients aged from 45 to 74 years with cerebrovascular disease, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, decompensation (I68.7, according to ICD-10). Patients were divided into two study groups: group 1 (n = 44) — patients who used mouthwash with synbiotic complex; group 2 (n = 38) — patients who did not use mouthwash. The efficacy of mouthwash with synbiotic complex was assessed by using an index score of a simplified Greene Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Russell Periodontal Index (PI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), and physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Stat Plus 7 (Analyst Soft Inc., USA).Results. The comparative analysis proved the efficacy of mouthwash with synbiotic complex. The hygienic status improved to (1.50 ± 0.12) points, the state of periodontal tissues — to (PI = (1.94 ± 1.45) points; PBI = (1.12 ± 0.11) points). The hydrogen index (pH) of the oral fluid decreased to weakly alkaline values — (7.92 ± 0.22) points; the activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased by a factor of 1.4, lactate dehydrogenase — by half, aminotransferases — by a factor of 1.3, and D-dimer — by a factor of 1.2.Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy of mouthwash as an additional means for personal hygiene. Mouthwash with synbiotic complex should be included in the daily oral hygiene care for patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy.