Oral Hygiene Group Research Articles

Fabrication of a novel "all in one glove"- a functional tool for oral hygiene maintenance and the assessment of its effectiveness on plaque control in spastic cerebral palsy patients.

Spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder from non-progressive brain injury or malformation during development, severely impairing movement, coordination, reflexes, posture, balance, and motor skills. Individuals with spastic CP experience limb spasticity, complicating tasks like precise gripping, particularly with toothbrushes. This study proposed a novel "all-in-one glove" for oral hygiene, assessing its efficacy and comparing it to conventional toothbrushes for spastic CP patients. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 30 clinically diagnosed spastic CP patients with Group 1 consisting of 15 Subjects with clinically diagnosed spastic CP with generalized gingival diseases using conventional oral hygiene techniques with weekly oral hygiene reinforcement and Group 2 consisting of 15 Subjects with clinically diagnosed spastic cerebral palsy with generalized gingival diseases using the novel "all in one glove" method for oral hygiene maintenance with weekly oral hygiene reinforcement. The Clinical Parameters assessed includes Full mouth plaque scores, Full mouth bleeding scores and OHI scores recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months. A statistically significant reduction was observed in Full-mouth Plaque, Bleeding, and Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) scores in both the groups (48.87% & 43.285%, 31.57% & 26.66%, 57.29% & 47.37% respectively). The Group 2 exhibited a marginally higher percentage reduction in all clinical parameters compared to the Group 1 at the measured time points. The utilization of the "All in one glove" has improved the effectiveness of oral hygiene maintenance and gingival health in spastic CP individuals. [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier, [REF/2022/06/055641].

Effects of Temporomandibular Disorders on the Oral Hygiene Status and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Young Adults

Objective: This study aimed to provide basic data to develop effective measures to improve the oral hygiene and oral health-related quality of life of individuals by preventing temporomandibular disorders. Methods: Data were collected from 148 young adults who visited the Department of Dental Hygiene of K University in Region D for practical training. The collected data were subjected to independent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient and logistic regression analyses. Results: Incidence of temporomandibular disorders and oral hygiene status were significantly negatively correlated with oral health-related quality of life, whereas that of temporomandibular disorders was significantly positively correlated with the oral hygiene status. Additionally, incidence of temporomandibular disorders was 3.821 times higher in the poor oral hygiene group than in the good oral hygiene group and 0.845 times lower in the good oral health-related quality of life group than in the poor oral healthrelated quality of life group. The explanatory power of these factors was 53.9%. Conclusions: These results suggest the importance of the prevention, early detection, and treatment of temporomandibular disorders to ensure good oral hygiene status and oral health-related quality of life of young adults. Furthermore, there is need for effective oral health education measures, including oral health projects for young adults, to prevent and treat temporomandibular joint disorders.

Relationship of Oral Hygiene and Oral Mucositis with Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers

Background: Oral mucositis is a common and debilitating side effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancers, significantly affecting patient quality of life and treatment continuity. Previous studies have highlighted the potential role of oral hygiene in mitigating the severity of mucositis, yet standardized care protocols remain underexplored. Objective: To investigate the relationship between oral hygiene and the incidence and severity of oral mucositis in patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over six months at the Oncology Department of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, with a sample size of 100 patients. Patients aged 18-70 years with histopathologically confirmed head and neck cancers and an ECOG performance status of 2 or less were included. Oral hygiene was assessed using a standardized scale, and mucositis was graded post-therapy using the CTCAE version 5.0 criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with Chi-square tests and ordinal logistic regression. Results: The study found that 44% of patients with poor oral hygiene developed moderate to severe mucositis (grades 2 and 3), compared to 24% with grade 2 and 5% with grade 3 mucositis in the good oral hygiene group. The difference in mucositis severity between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The maintenance of good oral hygiene is significantly associated with a lower severity of mucositis in patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancers. This association suggests that standardized oral care protocols should be an integral part of cancer treatment to improve patient outcomes.

Effect of Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 Lozenges on the Cariogram Parameters of Patients With High Caries Risk: A Randomised Control Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Probiotic Streptococcus Salivarius K12 and M18 Lozenges on the Cariogram (Cariogram Mobile application Version 1.3 developed by Wong Jung Ming, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore) parameters of patients with high caries risk.Materials and Methods: Fourty-two subjects were randomly allocated to Group 1 and 2 who received BLIS K12TM and BLIS M18TM probiotics (Blis Probiotics, Dunedin, New Zealand) respectively along with oral hygiene instructions and Group 3 (control) received only oral hygiene instructions with 1:1:1 allocation ratio. Subjects were instructed to follow the instructions and use the probiotics for a period of three months. Their caries risk was assessed using Cariogram software at baseline and 30 days after the use of probiotics. Change in the chance to avoid new cavities was recorded and statistically analysed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: About 38 subjects completed the trial with a drop-out count of eight. Multiple imputations were carried out for the missing data using an expectation-maximization algorithm. The mean percentage of actual chance to avoid new cavities was found to be 47.14 ± 6.837; 41.36 ± 16.04 and 32.50 ± 14.54 among the subjects in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 respectively. The mean percentage difference between the three groups was found to be statistically significant (p-value = 0.047). Dunn’s pair-wise comparison showed a significant mean percentage difference between Group 1 (BLIS K12) and Group 3 (control) (p=0.020).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of BLIS K12TM and BLIS M18TM probiotics for three months resulted in a considerable decrease in the caries risk. Further long-term clinical trials are needed to evaluate the difference in caries risk following the use of BLIS K12TMand BLIS M18TM among different age and risk groups.

Application of an Automatic Medical Information System to Implement Bundle Care for the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common hospital-acquired infection. It causes patients to stay longer in the hospital and increases medical costs. This study explores the effect of applying an automatic medical information system to implement five-item prevention care bundles on the prevention of ventilator-related pneumonia. This study was a retrospective cohort study. This study was conducted from October 2017 to February 2018 and collected data from the intensive care unit of a medical center in southern Taiwan from January 2013 to May 2016. The control group (enrolled from January 2013 to June 2014) received oral hygiene. The experimental group (enrolled from July 2014 to December 2015) received five-item ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention care bundles, which consisted of (1) elevation of the head of the bed to 30–45°; (2) daily oral care with 0.12−0.2% chlorhexidine twice daily; (3) daily assessment of readiness to extubate; (4) daily sedative interruption; and (5) emptying water from the respirator tube. Results showed the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the bundle group was significantly less than the oral hygiene group (p = 0.029). The factors that significantly affected the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia were ventilator-associated pneumonia care bundle, ventilator-days, and intensive care unit length of stay. A significant reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia rate in the bundle group compared to the oral hygiene group (OR = 0.366, 95% CI = 0.159–0.840) was observed, with 63.4% effectiveness. Application of an automatic medical information system to implement bundle care can significantly reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Epidemiologic Survey of Dental Caries Prevalence and Oral Hygiene Status in 3-20-year-old Young Thalassemia Major Children of Lahore, Pakistan

Background & Objectives: A Cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene status in Thalassemia Major children age ranging in 3-20-year-old undergoing blood transfusion from the Thalassemia Society of Pakistan. Oral hygiene status and dmft scores were compared. Methods & Materials: A total of 117 children from the Thalassemia Society of Pakistan were checked. Three stations were setup for dental check-up and examiners were calibrated. Examination was performed on children sitting comfortability in chairs using sterilised dental mirrors and probes under natural sunlight on modifies version of World Health Organization (WHO) assessment form. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth using DMFT and dmft indices and Oral Hygiene status was recorded as good, fair, and poor. Results: It was found in our study, 73 males (62.4%) and 44 females (37.6 %). mean dmft score for male was 2.25+ 2.87. Female score was 2.64+ 3.26. Overall mean DMFT score 2.39+ 3.02.A strong association was observed between age and DMFT (p=0.001) between Out of the total sample size, two third majority had fair oral hygiene, while the remainder fell into good and poor hygiene category, respectively. Conclusion: Majority of sample population had fair oral hygiene and young age group were more prone to dental caries. Keywords: Thalassemia Major, Dental Caries, Oral Health

Influence of anxiety and anesthetic vasoconstrictors upon hemodynamic parameters during dental procedures in controlled hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients.

BackgroundTo determine the influence of dental anxiety and the vasoconstrictor used in local anesthesia upon different hemodynamic parameters - systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SatO2) - during dental extraction and oral hygiene. The safety of local anesthesia with vasoconstrictor in patients with medically controlled hypertension was also assessed. Material and MethodsA total of 159 patients were divided into two groups according to the dental treatment received: tooth extraction (n = 106) and oral hygiene (n = 53). The hemodynamic parameters (SBP, DBP, HR and SatO2) were recorded throughout dental treatment. Patient anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Modified Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and the Hamilton test. ResultsThe HR increased after anesthetic infiltration with vasoconstrictor and decreased after the tooth extraction. However, HR remained stable in the oral hygiene group, in both hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients. The SatO2 values decreased after anesthetic infiltration with vasoconstrictor. These slight changes associated with the vasoconstrictor agent were observed in patients without anxiety, but not in patients with mild or moderate anxiety. Both SBP and DBP remained constant after local anesthetic infiltration with vasoconstrictor, regardless of whether the patients presented hypertension or moderate anxiety. ConclusionsThe vasoconstrictor used in local anesthesia may induce a very subtle increase in HR, with no significant increase in patients who experience anxiety. Key words:Tooth extraction, dental anesthesia, vasoconstrictor agents, dental anxiety, hypertension.

Does Oral Hygiene Influence Salivary pH, Lactate, and IL-1β of Basketball Players During Intense Exercise?

This study examined the salivary pH, salivary lactate, and salivary IL-1 β responses from a high-intensity intermittent running test, and the influence of hygiene oral status on these biomarkers in elite adolescent basketball players. Forty-six adolescent players participated. Saliva sampling was taken before and 3 min after a high-intensity exercise (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1; Yo-Yo IR1). In order to quantify and classify the oral hygiene level, the athletes were submitted to a dental examination, and an adapted Simplified Oral Hygiene Index was applied. After the dental examination, the whole group was divided into good oral hygiene group (GHG) and poor oral hygiene group (PHG). The results of a two- way analysis of variance showed a significant interaction effect (P = 0.0003), group effect (P < 0.0001), and time effect (pre to post Yo-yo IR1; P < 0.0001) for salivary pH and for salivary lactate (interaction effect, P = 0.008; group effect, P < 0.000 1; time effect, P < 0.0001) with a lower salivary pH and a higher salivary lactate at pre and post-Yo-Yo IR1 for PHG, but no difference was observed for IL-1β. The data demonstrated that the high-intensity exercise led to a significant change in salivary pH and salivary lactate concentration of the basketball players, and that the oral hygiene status influenced these responses, with a greater change for those players showing a poor oral hygiene.

Effects of Reinforced Oral Hygiene Instruction Program With and Without Professional Tooth Cleaning on Plaque Control and Gingival Health of Orthodontic Patients Wearing Multibracket Appliances

Introduction: Fixed orthodontic therapy is considered to be one of the important risk factor for plaque accumulation, since various orthodontic components serves as the retentive areas for plaque accumulation and thus increasing the risk of caries and periodontitis. Therefore these patients must be encouraged to maintain good oral health throughout the treatment. Objective: To investigate the effects of reinforced oral hygiene instruction programme with and without professional tooth cleaning on the plaque accumulation and gingival health of orthodontic patients wearing fixed multibracket appliances. Material and Methods: Forty patients with fixed orthodontic appliances in the age range of 12–28 years were divided randomly into Group I (n=20) and Group II (n=20). Group I received oral hygiene instructions and Group II received similar instructions supplemented with one sitting of professional tooth cleaning. The plaque and gingival index were recorded at the baseline (before the instructions), after 4 and 8 weeks in both the groups. At each visit all the instructions were reinforced in both the groups. Results: Intergroup comparison showed significant decrease in the mean plaque score at 4 weeks in Group II (p&lt;0.01), but no significant difference in the mean plaque score at 8 weeks and mean gingival scores at 4 and 8 weeks between both the groups. Within the group comparison, showed that the mean values of both the indices showed significant decrease after 8 weeks in both the groups (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Reinforced oral hygiene instruction programme with or without professional prophylaxis can lead to efficient control of plaque accumulation as well as improvement in the gingival health of orthodontic patients wearing multibracket appliances. However, provision of professional tooth cleaning should be based on individual plaque control needs.

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of oral Veillonella species isolated from the saliva of Japanese children.

Background: As the most frequent infectious disease among children worldwide, dental caries have a strong relationship with oral hygiene status, specifically in the development of infection. However, the study regarding the identification and distribution of oral Veillonella are limited. The oral Veillonella community may affected by the differences in geographical location, age, diet, lifestyle, socio-economic status and oral hygiene status. Here, we studied the oral hygiene status by examining the composition and proportion of oral Veillonella species in saliva of Japanese children. Methods: Microbial samples collected from 15 Japanese children divided into three oral hygiene groups were cultured under anaerobic conditions after homogenization and dilution, and inoculated onto brain heart infusion and selective medium Veillonella agar. Genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate. Veillonella species were detected by one-step PCR using rpoB species-specific primers. To analyse the phylogenetic properties of the unknown Veillonella strains, PCR amplification and sequence analysis of rpoB were conducted for 10 representative strains. Results: Although V. rogosae was found as the predominant species among all groups, its prevalence was significantly lower in the children with poor oral hygiene than in those with good oral hygiene. V. parvula was the prevalent species in the poor oral hygiene group. Approximately 10% of the isolated Veillonella strains were not classified to any established species; the phylogenetic analysis showed that they were most closely related to V.infantiumConclusions: This study demonstrates that the composition and proportion of oral Veillonella species in the saliva of Japanese children is correlated with different oral hygiene status. Changes in detection ratios of V. parvula and V. rogosae can be useful indicators of oral hygiene status. Furthermore, new strains closely related to V. infantium were isolated from the saliva of Japanese children.

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of oral Veillonella species isolated from the saliva of Japanese children

Background:As the most frequent infectious disease among children worldwide, dental caries have a strong relationship with oral hygiene status, specifically in the development of infection. However, the study regarding the identification and distribution of oralVeillonellaare limited. The oralVeillonellacommunity may affected by the differences in geographical location, age, diet, lifestyle, socio-economic status and oral hygiene status. Here, we studied the oral hygiene status by examining the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in saliva of Japanese children.Methods:Microbial samples collected from 15 Japanese children divided into three oral hygiene groups were cultured under anaerobic conditions after homogenization and dilution, and inoculated onto brain heart infusion and selective mediumVeillonellaagar. Genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate.Veillonellaspecies were detected by one-step PCR usingrpoBspecies-specific primers. To analyse the phylogenetic properties of the unknownVeillonellastrains, PCR amplification and sequence analysis ofrpoBwere conducted for 10 representative strains.Results:AlthoughV. rogosaewas found as the predominant species among all groups, its prevalence was significantly lower in the children with poor oral hygiene than in those with good oral hygiene.V. parvulawas the prevalent species in the poor oral hygiene group. Approximately 10% of the isolatedVeillonellastrains were not classified to any established species; the phylogenetic analysis showed that they were most closely related toV.infantiumConclusions:This study demonstrates that the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in the saliva of Japanese children is correlated with different oral hygiene status. Changes in detection ratios ofV. parvulaandV. rogosaecan be useful indicators of oral hygiene status. Furthermore, new strains closely related toV. infantiumwere isolated from the saliva of Japanese children.

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of oral Veillonella species isolated from the saliva of Japanese children

Background:As the most frequent infectious disease among children worldwide, dental caries have a strong relationship with oral hygiene status, specifically in the development of infection. However, the study regarding the identification and distribution of oralVeillonellaare limited. The oralVeillonellacommunity may affected by the differences in geographical location, age, diet, lifestyle, socio-economic status and oral hygiene status. Here, we studied the oral hygiene status by examining the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in saliva of Japanese children to compare with the previous results found in Thai children.Methods:Microbial samples collected from 15 Japanese children divided into three oral hygiene groups were cultured under anaerobic conditions after homogenization and dilution, and inoculated onto brain heart infusion and selective mediumVeillonellaagar. Genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate.Veillonellaspecies were detected by one-step PCR usingrpoBspecies-specific primers. To analyse the phylogenetic properties of the unknownVeillonellastrains, PCR amplification and sequence analysis ofrpoBwere conducted for 10 representative strains.Results:AlthoughV. rogosaewas found as the predominant species among all groups, its prevalence was significantly lower in the children with poor oral hygiene than in those with good oral hygiene.V. parvulawas the prevalent species in the poor oral hygiene group. Approximately 10% of the isolatedVeillonellastrains were not classified to any established species; the phylogenetic analysis showed that they were most closely related toV.infantiumConclusions:This study demonstrates that the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in the saliva of Japanese children is correlated with different oral hygiene status. Changes in detection ratios ofV. parvulaandV. rogosaecan be useful indicators of oral hygiene status. Furthermore, new strains closely related toV. infantiumwere isolated from the saliva of Japanese children.

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of oral Veillonella species isolated from the saliva of Japanese children

Background:As the most frequent infectious disease among children worldwide, dental caries have a strong relationship with oral hygiene status, specifically in the development of infection. OralVeillonellaspecies have a main role as early colonizers in the oral biofilm formation. Previously, oralVeillonellastrains were detected at the species level in the saliva of Thai children with different oral hygiene statuses. Here, we studied the oral hygiene status by examining the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in saliva of Japanese children to compare with the previous results found in Thai children.Methods:Microbial samples collected from 15 Japanese children divided into three oral hygiene groups were cultured under anaerobic conditions after homogenization and dilution, and inoculated onto brain heart infusion and selective mediumVeillonellaagar. Genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate.Veillonellaspecies were detected by one-step PCR usingrpoBspecies-specific primers. To analyse the phylogenetic properties of the unknownVeillonellastrains, PCR amplification and sequence analysis ofrpoBwere conducted for 10 representative strains.Results:AlthoughV. rogosaewas found as the predominant species among all groups, its prevalence was significantly lower in the children with poor oral hygiene than in those with good oral hygiene.V. parvulawas the prevalent species in the poor oral hygiene group. Approximately 10% of the isolatedVeillonellastrains were not classified to any established species; the phylogenetic analysis showed that they were most closely related toV.infantiumConclusions:This study demonstrates that the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in the saliva of Japanese children is correlated with different oral hygiene status. Changes in detection ratios ofV. parvulaandV. rogosaecan be useful indicators of oral hygiene status. Furthermore, new strains closely related toV.infantiumwere isolated from the saliva of Japanese children.

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of oral Veillonella species isolated from the saliva of Japanese children

Background: As the most frequent infectious disease among children worldwide, dental caries have a strong relationship with oral hygiene status, specifically in the development of infection. However, the study regarding the identification and distribution of oral Veillonella are limited. The oral Veillonella community may affected by the differences in geographical location, age, diet, lifestyle, socio-economic status and oral hygiene status. Here, we studied the oral hygiene status by examining the composition and proportion of oral Veillonella species in saliva of Japanese children. Methods: Microbial samples collected from 15 Japanese children divided into three oral hygiene groups were cultured under anaerobic conditions after homogenization and dilution, and inoculated onto brain heart infusion and selective medium Veillonella agar. Genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate. Veillonella species were detected by one-step PCR using rpoB species-specific primers. To analyse the phylogenetic properties of the unknown Veillonella strains, PCR amplification and sequence analysis of rpoB were conducted for 10 representative strains. Results: Although V. rogosae was found as the predominant species among all groups, its prevalence was significantly lower in the children with poor oral hygiene than in those with good oral hygiene. V. parvula was the prevalent species in the poor oral hygiene group. Approximately 10% of the isolated Veillonella strains were not classified to any established species; the phylogenetic analysis showed that they were most closely related to V. infantium Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the composition and proportion of oral Veillonella species in the saliva of Japanese children is correlated with different oral hygiene status. Changes in detection ratios of V. parvula and V. rogosae can be useful indicators of oral hygiene status. Furthermore, new strains closely related to V. infantium were isolated from the saliva of Japanese children.

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of oral Veillonella species isolated from the saliva of Japanese children

Background: As the most frequent infectious disease among children worldwide, dental caries have a strong relationship with oral hygiene status, specifically in the development of infection. Oral Veillonella species have a main role as early colonizers in the oral biofilm formation. Previously, oral Veillonella strains were detected at the species level in the saliva of Thai children with different oral hygiene statuses. Here, we studied the oral hygiene status by examining the composition and proportion of oral Veillonella species in saliva of Japanese children to compare with the previous results found in Thai children. Methods: Microbial samples collected from 15 Japanese children divided into three oral hygiene groups were cultured under anaerobic conditions after homogenization and dilution, and inoculated onto brain heart infusion and selective medium Veillonella agar. Genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate. Veillonella species were detected by one-step PCR using rpoB species-specific primers. To analyse the phylogenetic properties of the unknown Veillonella strains, PCR amplification and sequence analysis of rpoB were conducted for 10 representative strains. Results: Although V. rogosae was found as the predominant species among all groups, its prevalence was significantly lower in the children with poor oral hygiene than in those with good oral hygiene. V. parvula was the prevalent species in the poor oral hygiene group. Approximately 10% of the isolated Veillonella strains were not classified to any established species; the phylogenetic analysis showed that they were most closely related to V. infantium Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the composition and proportion of oral Veillonella species in the saliva of Japanese children is correlated with different oral hygiene status. Changes in detection ratios of V. parvula and V. rogosae can be useful indicators of oral hygiene status. Furthermore, new strains closely related to V . infantium were isolated from the saliva of Japanese children.

Exploring the salivary microbiome of children stratified by the oral hygiene index.

Poor oral hygiene often leads to chronic diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries resulting in substantial economic costs and diminished quality of life in not only adults but also in children. In this study, the salivary microbiome was characterized in a group of children stratified by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing based on the 16S rRNA was utilized to analyze 90 salivary samples (24 Good, 31 Moderate and 35 Poor oral hygiene) from a cohort of Thai children. A total of 38,521 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) with a 97% similarity were characterized in all of the salivary samples. Twenty taxonomic groups (Seventeen genera, two families and one class; Streptococcus, Veillonella, Gemellaceae, Prevotella, Rothia, Porphyromonas, Granulicatella, Actinomyces, TM-7-3, Leptotrichia, Haemophilus, Selenomonas, Neisseria, Megasphaera, Capnocytophaga, Oribacterium, Abiotrophia, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcus, and Atopobium) were found in all subjects and constituted 94.5–96.5% of the microbiome. Of these twenty genera, the proportion of Streptococcus decreased while Veillonella increased with poor oral hygiene status (P < 0.05). Furthermore, an unassigned species of Veillonella, Veillonella dispar and Veillonella parvula tended to be elevated in the Poor oral hygiene group. This is the first study demonstrating an important association between increase of Veillonella and poor oral hygiene status in children. However, further studies are required to identify the majority of Veillonella at species level in salivary microbiome of the Poor oral hygiene group.

Periodontal pocketing and gingival bleeding in relation to Nordic diet - results from a population-based survey.

To examine whether a Nordic diet measured by the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) and the Recommended Finnish Diet Score (RFDS) is associated with periodontal condition. The study population consisted of non-smoking, non-diabetic and non-rheumatoid individuals in the Health 2000 Survey in Finland. Analyses were made in two age groups (30-49years (n=1210) and 50-79years (n=977)) and subsequently in two oral hygiene groups (good oral hygiene and poor oral hygiene). The number of sextants with gingival bleeding and the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets were used as outcome variables. Dietary data were collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Both the BSDS and the RFDS were weakly, although statistically significantly associated with less gingival bleeding in the younger age group (p=0.019, p<0.001). In the older age group, the RFDS or the BSDS associated inversely, although inconsistently, with gingival bleeding. RFDS and BSDS associated with both gingival bleeding and deepened periodontal pockets among those with poor oral hygiene. The results suggest that the Nordic diet in some cases has a favourable effect on periodontal health. These findings warrant further studies on the role of diet in periodontal diseases.

Effectiveness of various interventions on maintenance of gingival health during 1 year - a randomized clinical trial.

Rinsing with the combined use of an oxygenating-agent (OA) and chlorhexidine (CHX) in addition to mechanical oral hygiene could improve and/or maintain good gingival health over a long period. This study had an examiner-blinded, randomized, six-group parallel design consisting of two-phases: a 3-week treatment phase and a subsequent 12-month experimental phase. A total of 267 subjects in good general health (≥18 years), without periodontitis, with at least five teeth per quadrant, and with moderate to advanced gingivitis were enrolled. A 3-week treatment phase was initiated to improve gingival health. Subjects were assigned to one of the six groups: two basic oral hygiene groups (Control I & II), one professional oral hygiene instruction group (OHI), one professional prophylaxis group (PP), an OA&CHX rinse group and a group receiving a combination of all regimens (COMBI group), being OHI + PP + OA&CHX. Dental plaque, gingival bleeding and staining assessments were performed at the start of the treatment phase, at baseline and at 4, 7, 10, and 12 months. There was a significant reduction in dental plaque-scores for the OA&CHX and COMBI-group (0.51 [SD = 0.37], 0.38 [SD = 0.33] respectively) and a significant reduction in gingivitis scores for the OA&CHX and COMBI group (6.9% [SD = 14.0], 13.4% [SD = 13.4] respectively) from the start of the treatment phase to baseline. No clinically relevant changes were observed for the other four groups. After baseline, bleeding and plaque-scores increased back to a non-significant level between groups, and this level remained throughout the study. OA&CHX and COMBI-group showed a clinically relevant improvement after the treatment phase in terms of dental plaque and gingival bleeding levels. At the 4-month clinical assessment, there was no longer a significant difference between groups.

Oral health status among long-term hospitalized adults: a cross sectional study.

Background. Many Long-Term Care (LTC) institutionalized patients are the most frail and functionally dependent among the geriatric population and have significant oral health disparities.They often suffer from dental neglect due to limited access to appropriate professional dental care. These patients have chronic health situations and are treated with medications, which increase their risk of oral diseases. Despite the growth in elderly population in Israel, there is insufficient data regarding their oral health status and treatment needs.Objective. To describe the oral health status of the LTC hospitalized adults in a geriatric and psychiatric hospital in Israel.Methods. Data was recorded from LTC hospitalized adults with a physical and/or mental disabilities in a cross-sectional research design, which included general health anamnesis and clinical oral examination. Variables included gender, medicines, oral hygiene (OH), using dentures, number of caries lesions and residual teeth. Univariate analyses included Pearson χ2 and t-test analyses. Multivariate analyses included logistic and linear regressions while the outcome variables were categorical OH index and number of carious cavitations, number of residual teeth and carious teeth percentage.Results. 153 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 65.03 ± 18.67 years. 31.3% of the patients were edentulous, and only 14% had partial or full dentures. Females had a significantly higher number of caries cavitation than males (P = 0.044). The number of caries cavitation was higher among patients with poor OH (P < 0.001) and when taking Clonazepam (P = 0.018). Number of residual teeth was higher in the fair OH group (P < 0.001). Carious teeth percentage was higher among the poor OH group (P < 0.001).

Periodontal status in pregnant women in comparison with non-pregnant individuals

Background: Our understanding of pathogenesis of periodontal disease has changed remarkably over a few decades. Rather than being confined to periodontium, periodontal disease may have a wide ranging systemic effects. It is now recognized that it shares most of the common risk factors for diabetes, coronary heart disease preterm low birth weight, miscarriage or early pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised of 400 women (200 pregnant women and 200 non-pregnant) with an age range of 18-40 years. Maternal demographic and medical data were collected. Periodontal examinations included: Oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Results: The results were analyzed using test of proportion when OHI-S was compared in pregnant women with that of non-pregnant individuals, there was no significant difference in good oral hygiene group ( P = 0.187, Z = 1.32). When the GI index was evaluated, a definite statistical difference was noted in mild, moderate and severe gingivitis (P - 0.000, Z = 0.365; P - 0.00, Z = 4.17; P - 0.000, Z = 0.75). CAL index revealed a statistical difference was observed healthy periodontium, mild, moderate and severe periodontitis in both pregnant and non-pregnant women ( P = −0.000, Z = 3.65; P - 0.000, Z = 5.83; P - 0.001, Z - 3.24; P - 0.000, Z - 6.47). Conclusion: The present study conducted supports the hypothesis that there is a definite correlation between the pregnant women and poor oral hygiene (gingivitis and periodontitis) as compared with the non-pregnant controls.