Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Research Articles

Association between self-reported periodontitis and high-risk oral human papillomavirus infection among Indigenous South Australians: A cross-sectional study.

IntroductionThe incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing globally, reflecting an increase in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related lesions. Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by OPSCCs. Currently, testing for oral HPV is not recommended as a screening tool to permit early detection of OPSCCs due to the high population prevalence of HPV infection. Periodontitis may be a marker of oral HPV infection, but previous research evaluating this association has been inconclusive. Here we report a large population-based study examining the association between high-risk oral HPV infection and periodontitis among Indigenous South Australians.MethodsWe utilised a large convenience sample of Indigenous South Australians aged 18+ years recruited between February 2018 and February 2020. Of the original cohort (n = 1011), 748 (73.9%) participants participated in the 12 month follow-up. Detailed information on sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, and sexual history were collected at enrolment. Saliva samples were collected at 12 months and tested for the presence of oral HPV DNA using the optimized general primer (GP) + PCR system. The primary outcomes were the prevalence of any high-risk oral HPV DNA, and separately, HPV 16 and/or 18. Periodontitis was assessed at follow-up by using validated self-reported periodontitis screening questions. Logistic regression analyses were undertaken to assess the association between self-reported periodontitis and oral HPV infection with adjustment for potential sociodemographic and behavioural confounders, with estimates presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsData on 673 participants (89.9% of the follow-up cohort) were available. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 80 (mean age 42.2, SD 14.7) and 31.5% were male. Overall, 115 (17.1%) participants had self-reported periodontitis, 40 (5.9%) had any high-risk oral HPV and 14 (2.1%) had HPV 16 and/or 18. Any high-risk HPV was detected among seven (17.5%) participants and HPV 16 and/or 18 was detected in three (21.4%) who self-reported periodontitis. In the regression analyses no significant association was found between self-reported periodontitis and high-risk oral HPV (adjusted OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.45–2.70) or HPV 16 and/or 18 (adjusted OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.32–5.03).ConclusionThis study did not find any association between self-reported periodontitis and high-risk oral HPV among Indigenous South Australians. Further targeted studies with standardized clinical measures of periodontal disease are needed to clarify the link between high-risk oral HPV and periodontal disease. If confirmed this would add further weight to the importance of recommendations about the utility of periodontitis screening to identify individuals at risk of carrying high-risk oral HPV, who may benefit from more intensive screening and ongoing monitoring.

Association of Plasma Circulating Tumor HPV DNA With HPV-Related Oropharynx Cancer

This cross-sectional analysis examines whether circulating tumor human papillomavirus DNA is detectable in the plasma of healthy participants at risk for oral human papillomavirus infection and the agreement with oral rinse and serum biomarkers.

Sexual debut and association with oral human papillomavirus infection, persistence and oropharyngeal cancer-An analysis of two Australian cohorts.

Oropharyngeal cancer is increasingly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), and this increase is believed to be caused by changing sexual behaviour. It has been hypothesised that an immune response to HPV through sexual intercourse is much stronger than an immune response elicited from oral sex. Therefore, people who have their debut of oral sex before or at the same time as sexual intercourse would have a weaker immune response to HPV and hence be more likely to develop a persistent oral HPV infection and oropharyngeal cancer. Drake et al (Cancer. 2021;127[7]:1029-1038) found some evidence that supported this hypothesis. We have reanalysed two of our Australian cohorts with similar data in order to provide a perspective of Drake and colleagues' publication, as sexual behaviour varies depending on culture and geographical location. We found that engaging in oral sex (OR 4.46, 95% CI [1.88-10.62]) and being younger than 20 years at oral sex debut (OR 9.46, 95% CI [3.53-25.31]) were both very strong risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer. Participants in the general population cohort who had their sexual intercourse debut before the age of 18 were more likely to be oral HPV positive (OR 2.69, 95% CI [1.50-4.83]). Oral sex debut before sexual intercourse debut was quite uncommon in our two Australian cohorts. However, timing of or sexual debuts may further add to risks of oropharyngeal cancer, and future studies should be designed to investigate timing and order of sexual debuts to help clarify the roles of these potential causal factors.

Oral HPV Infection among Indigenous Australians; Incidence, Persistence, and Clearance at 12-Month Follow-up

Abstract Background: Persistent oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Indigenous Australians have a higher rate of OPSCC than non-Indigenous Australians. Risk factors for oral HPV persistence among Indigenous Australians are poorly understood. Methods: Participants provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors including tobacco and alcohol use, and sexual history. Participants additionally provided saliva samples for microbial genotyping. Negative log binomial regression models were used to evaluate associations of sociodemographic, health behavior, and sexual behavior indicators on incident, persistent, and cleared oral HPV infection at 12-month follow-up. Estimates were quantified as rate ratios (RR). Results: Of the 1,011 participants recruited at baseline, 911 provided saliva samples that were β-globin positive (a DNA integrity check), with 321 (35.3%) testing positive for any oral HPV infection. At 12-month follow up, saliva samples were obtained from 743 of the original 1,011 participants (73.5%). Among the 584 participants who provided β-globin–positive saliva samples at baseline and 12-month follow-up, 24 (42.6%) had no oral HPV infection at both time points, 130 (22.2%) had new (incident) oral HPV infection at 12 months, 130 (22.2%) had persistent oral HPV infection (i.e., present at both baseline and 12 months), and 75 (12.8%) had oral HPV infection clearance from baseline to 12 months. Age of first giving oral sex and unsafe (unprotected) oral sexual behaviors were significantly associated with incidence; rural location of residence and ever received oral sex were significantly associated with persistence; and, rural location of residence and ever received oral sex were significantly associated with clearance of oral HPV infection. Conclusions: The incidence of oral HPV infection at both baseline and 12-month follow-up was high. Factors associated with persistence and clearance of oral HPV infections included location of residence and unsafe oral sexual behaviors. Impact: There are currently no studies available which have assessed oral HPV infection incidence, persistence, and clearance amongst Indigenous populations in Australia or even at a global level. The study has been able to identify risk factors associated with potential malignant changes in the oropharynx among Indigenous Australians.

Investigation of the Relationship between Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection and Oral Health.

Statement of the Problem: Oral health status has been suggested as one of the possible risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (OHPV) infection. There is inconsistent evidence concerning its relationship with the presence of OHPV.Purpose: This study aimed to compare oral health status between two groups of patients with and without OHPV infection.Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 272 oral rinse samples, collected from our previous study population. After signing the written informed consents, the oral examination was performed to determine some clinical parameters of oral health status including periodontal disease status, oral hygiene status, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) of participants. Next, viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and HPV genotyping tests were performed on the samples.Results: OHPV DNA was detected in a total 31 (11.40%) samples that were considered as OHPV+ group. None of the determined clinical parameters of oral health status was significantly different between OHPV+ and OHPV DNA negative (OHPV-) groups (p> 0.05).Conclusion: The findings of the current study did not indicate a significant association between oral health status and OHPV. Further studies with larger sample size are recommended to reach a definite conclusion.

The impact of HPV vaccination on the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer: A scoping review.

HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has one of the most rapidly rising incidences of any cancer in high-income countries. HPV vaccination is being tested to prevent HPV-associated OPC. To determine the effect of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination on the prevention of OPC in adults worldwide. Scoping review conducted using PRISMA-ScR Checklist. An electronic literature search identified relevant records. Titles and abstracts were screened to assess eligibility by two researchers, and data from relevant full-text articles were extracted and synthesised. Three-hundred-and-forty-three studies were identified, with eleven articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The most common study design was cross-sectional (n = 7), the most common location was the US (n = 6) and data collection periods spanned 2004 to 2020. One article found unvaccinated participants had a 19 times increased risk of developing OPC compared with those who had been vaccinated against HPV. The remaining papers showed that prevalence of HPV-vaccine-type oral infection was significantly lower in vaccinated participants than unvaccinated participants, with a reduction of oral HPV detection ranging from 72% to 93%. This reduction varied by sex. There is evidence to suggest that HPV vaccination reduces oral HPV infection and decreases the incidence of HPV-associated OPC. There is substantial need for further research which directly examines the relationship between HPV vaccination status and subsequent OPC development.

Reflections from field notes: An oral human papillomavirus infection and oropharyngeal cancer study among Indigenous Australians.

Reflections from field notes: An oral human papillomavirus infection and oropharyngeal cancer study among Indigenous Australians.

Incidence and clearance of oral and cervicogenital HPV infection: longitudinal analysis of the MHOC cohort study

ObjectivesThe Michigan HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer study aimed to evaluate patterns of oral and cervicogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection prevalence, incidence, and clearance as well as their relationship to sexual...

Cervical, oral and anal Human papillomavirus infection in women attending the Dermatology Unit of a regional reference hospital in Genoa, Italy: a prevalence study.

Between January 2016 and December 2018, the female patients attending the STI center (cases) and those requiring a full body skin examination for skin cancer screening ("supposed" healthy population: controls) were recruited. Cervical/anal/oral samples were collected with ThinPrep liquid based cytology preparation system: polymerase chain reaction for HPV and cytological evaluation were performed. Overall, 85 cases and 31 controls were recruited. Cervical HPV infection was detected in 60% of the cases and 48% of the controls; anal HPV infection in 44% of the cases and 26% of the controls. Cervical and anal HPV infection resulted associated, especially in the control group. Moreover, 32% of the cases and 29% of the controls proved HPV positive in the oral cavity. In the cases of our series, prevalence of cervical, anal and oral HPV infection was higher compared with the controls. The high prevalence of anal-oral infections and the frequent association between anal and cervical infections, provide reason to suggest HPV screening also in the anal and oral regions, which may represent HPV reservoirs and grounds for cancer development.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men living in Lower Silesia, Poland.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and is associated with the risk of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at a high risk of HPV infection. However, little up-to-date data are available regarding the prevalence of HIV and HPV co-infection in MSM in Poland. To evaluate the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors for HPV infection among HIV-positive MSM living in Lower Silesia. A total of 54 HIV-positive and 28 HIV-negative MSM participated in the study. The polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect HPV from oral and anal swabs. A self-applied written questionnaire was conducted to collect sociodemographic and behavioural data. The prevalence rates of oral and anal HPV infection were higher in HIV-infected MSM than in HIV-negative MSM. Statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of high oncogenic genotypes, HPV 16 and HPV 18, at the anal site was significantly higher in patients with lower CD4 cell counts, in addition, HPV 18 infection was significantly more frequent in patients with higher levels of HIV RNA. Moreover, HPV 33 and HPV 52 at the anal site were significantly more common in patients with lower nadir CD4. This is the first report of HPV infection among Polish HIV-infected MSM. Our results show that HIV-related immunodeficiency is associated with a higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infections, therefore early detection of HIV infection and initiation of antiretroviral therapy might reduce the risk of HPV-related diseases.

Salivary HPV infection in healthy people

Abstract Introduction In recent years, interest in human papillomavirus infections as a causative factor in epithelial cancer development has grown. Literature indicates that HPV involvement in malignant transformations in oral mucosa can vary significantly, from 0 up to 87%. The aim of our study was to detect the prevalence of salivary HPV infection among generally healthy adults. Materials and Methods The examination involved 139 patients, from whom 139 whole, 1.5ml saliva samples were obtained. HPV DNA was detected by the nested PCR technique. To visualize the PCR products electrophoresis reactions were carried out. Results Sample analysis showed that DNA for HPV was detected in 14 patients: 11 positive results were obtained from men, and 3 from women. This yields a high infection rate: 10.07%. Conclusions The HPV prevalence in the male group was more than twice as high as in the female group. Also, subclinical oral HPV infection was detected more frequently in young (19–39 years old) and older (=>60 years old) adults.

Comparison of oral human papilloma virus detection methods among Hispanic adults

ObjectivesOral human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is associated with nearly three‐quarters of all oropharyngeal cancers in the United States. Research also suggests its association with periodontal disease. There are limited studies evaluating differences in HPV detection methods; however, oral rinse is considered the most sensitive detection method. We compared HPV detection by self‐collected oral rinse versus self‐collected cytobrush and assessed whether the strength of association between periodontitis and HPV is modified by the collection method.Materials and MethodsData from a cross‐sectional study of Hispanic adults in Puerto Rico (n = 346) who provided oral rinse and cytobrush samples for oral HPV detection and were clinically evaluated for periodontitis. The agreement between the oral mouthwash and cytobrush methods was assessed using the Kappa (κ) statistic. Logistic regression models were used to determine if the association between HPV infection and other risk factors varied by oral sample collection method.ResultsHPV prevalence was slightly higher using cytobrush than oral rinse (5.8% vs. 4.3%). The sensitivity of cytobrush to detect oral HPV was 64.7%, and the specificity was 97.4%. We observed a κ of 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–0.78), indicative of fair to good agreement between the two collection methods. The association between oral HPV infection and periodontitis severity was stronger when using the oral rinse collection method (odds ratio [OR] = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.06–9.84); the association was not statistically significant for cytobrush (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 0.68–5.65).ConclusionsThese findings support the significance of choosing the most suitable collection method in oral HPV‐related studies. Selecting the most appropriate collection method is an essential criterion in oral HPV‐related studies.

Oral health problems are global and need to be addressed in the USA

Oral health problems are global and need to be addressed in the USA

Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated factors among healthy populations: The design of the PROGRESS (PRevalence of Oral hpv infection, a Global aSSessment) study

BackgroundHead and neck cancers are increasingly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Previous studies of oral HPV indicate considerable heterogeneity across geographic regions and by sex, but studies differ in methodologies used and risk groups included. Understanding the natural history of oral HPV in the general population is important to assess HPV-related disease burden and plan effective prevention programs. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence, incidence, and persistence of oral HPV among adult men and women. Factors independently associated with oral HPV will also be evaluated. MethodsThe PROGRESS (PRevalence of Oral hpv infection, a Global aSSessment) study is a non-interventional study of 7877 healthy men and women aged 18–60 years, from France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). Oral HPV prevalence will be measured using a commercially available PCR DNA test. In the US, participants will be followed prospectively every 6 months for 24 months to assess incidence, clearance, and persistence of oral HPV infection. Eligible individuals presenting for regular dental check-ups will be recruited from participating dental offices via systematic consecutive sampling. Participant dentists will collect clinical characteristics, and participants will complete self-reported study questionnaires and provide an oral rinse and gargle (ORG) specimen for HPV-DNA detection and genotyping at each study visit. HPV-DNA detection and genotyping will be performed in two reference laboratories, using the SPF10/DEIA/LiPA25 system. DiscussionPROGRESS study aims to fill knowledge gaps concerning the natural history of oral HPV using a standardized methodology. PROGRESS will also assess factors associated with oral HPV prevalence and natural history in the general population.

The Prevalence of High- and Low-Risk Types of HPV in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis, and Healthy Individuals Living in Poland.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus with the potential to infect human epithelial cells and an etiological agent of many types of cancer, including head and neck cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), patients with chronic tonsillitis, and healthy individuals, and to establish high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in these groups. The objectives also comprised the delineation of the relationship between the infection with high- or low-risk HPV subtypes and clinicopathological and demographic characteristics of the study groups. This study was composed of 76 patients diagnosed with HNSCC, 71 patients with chronic tonsillitis, and 168 cases without either of these conditions (the control group). HPV detection and identification of subtypes were performed on isolated DNA using a test which allowed detection of 33 common high-risk and low-risk HPV subtypes. The prevalence of HPV infection was 42.1%, 25.4%, and 37.5% in HNSCC, chronic tonsillitis, and control groups, respectively. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype in all groups and the non-oncogenic HPV 43/44 was frequent in HNSCC patients. This analysis provides insight into the prevalence of oral oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPVs in patients with head and neck cancer, patients with chronic tonsillitis and healthy individuals, and leads to the conclusion that further investigations are warranted to examine a larger cohort of patients focusing on high- and low-risk HPV genotypes. Efforts should be focused on screening and prevention strategies, and therefore, it is important to introduce tools for effective detection of HPV genotypes. Furthermore, given the role of vaccines against oral HPV infection, our observations lead to the suggestion that HPV vaccination should be of considerable importance in public health strategies.

Initiation of three complementary international studies investigating prevalence of oral HPV infection, burden of HPV-related head and neck disease, and efficacy of 9-valent HPV vaccination against oral HPV persistent infection

Initiation of three complementary international studies investigating prevalence of oral HPV infection, burden of HPV-related head and neck disease, and efficacy of 9-valent HPV vaccination against oral HPV persistent infection

A Randomized Trial of Radiotherapy vs. Trans-Oral Surgery for Treatment De-Escalation in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ORATOR2)

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Widespread oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have led to a rapid increase in the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). HPV-related OPSCCs have a better prognosis than conventional alcohol- and smoking-related OPSCCs, suggesting a role for treatment de-escalation. The goal of this phase II randomized trial was to assess survival, oncologic, and toxicity outcomes with two de-escalation approaches: primary reduced-dose radiotherapy (RT) vs. primary transoral surgery plus neck dissection (TOS + ND) with reduced-dose adjuvant therapy. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Weenrolled patients with T1-T2N0-2 (AJCC 8th edition) p16-positive OPSCC. After stratifying by smoking status, we randomized patients (1:1) to either the primary RT arm, which consisted of 60 Gy of RT and concurrent weekly cisplatin chemotherapy in node-positive patients vs. the TOS + ND arm, consisting of surgery and neck dissection, with adjuvant reduced-dose RT depending on pathologic findings. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), quality of life (QOL, using the MDADI and other metrics), and toxicity. The trial was closed to accrual in November 2020 due to excessive toxicity in the TOS + ND arm, consisting of two treatment-related deaths from known complications of TOS (one bleed and one cervical osteomyelitis following post-operative RT). After closure to accrual, all previously enrolled patients remained on follow-up. All analyses were pre-specified and intention-to-treat, unless otherwise specified. Due to these unexpected toxicity findings, the trial is being reported while survival outcomes remain immature, and therefore p-values are not reported for OS and PFS comparisons. <h3>Results</h3> BetweenFebruary 2018 and November 2020, 61 patients were randomized (n=30 in the RT arm and n=31 in the TOS + ND arm). Median age was 61.9 years, most patients (51%) were never-smokers, and the large majority of patients (n=51; 86%) were male. The arms were well-balanced. Median follow-up was 17 months (IQR: 15-20 months). Two-year estimates of OS were 100% in the RT arm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 100%-100%) and 89.1% (95% CI: 69.6%-96.4%) in the TOS + ND arm. Two-year PFS estimates were 100% in the RT arm (95% CI: 100%-100%) and 83.5% (95% CI: 60.8%-93.7%) in the TOS + ND arm. Grade 2-5 toxicities occurred in 67% of patients in the RT arm and 71% in the TOS + ND arm, with significantly more anorexia and dysgeusia in the RT arm. Mean (±SD) MDADI total scores at 1-year were similar between arms (85.7 ± 15.6 and 84.7 ± 14.5, respectively). One patient in each arm required a percutaneous feeding tube, and none required feeding tubes at 1-year. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The primary RT approach achieved excellent oncologic outcomes in treatment de-escalation, with a moderate toxicity profile, and should be tested in phase III trials. The primary TOS approach was associated with an upfront risk of treatment-related mortality and suboptimal PFS. (NCT03210103)

Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection by Number of Vaccine Doses Among US Adults.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is effective at reducing the incidence of cervical cancer caused by HPV. Studies have shown that 1 dose of the HPV vaccine offers comparable protection against genital HPV infection as additional doses; however, it is unknown whether oral HPV prevalence also differs by number of vaccine doses. We examined differences in prevalence of oral HPV by number of doses using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2016. The prevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 infections was statistically significantly lower in individuals who received 1 dose (0.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0% to 0.9%) or 2-3 doses (0.4%, 95% CI = 0.0% to 1.2%) compared with unvaccinated individuals (1.2%, 95% CI = 0.9% to 1.6%). Smokers, individuals who initiated oral sex at age 17 years or younger, and those with more than 2 oral sexual partners had higher rates of oral HPV infection. Ongoing prospective studies are essential to further evaluate the efficacy of a single-dose regimen for prevention of oral HPV.

The association of HLA-G polymorphism with oral and genital HPV infection in men

The host genetic factors that influence the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men are not well known. Our aim was to evaluate the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G polymorphism in oral and genital HPV infection in men. Altogether, 130 men from the Finnish Family HPV Study, with a 6-year follow-up, were included in the analyses. HLA-G alleles were tested by direct sequencing. Oral, urethral, and semen samples were collected and analyzed for 24 different HPV genotypes. Unconditional logistic regression was used to determine associations between HLA-G alleles and genotypes with HPV infection and its outcomes. Overall, eight different HLA-G alleles were identified with 15 different HLA-G genotype combinations. The most common HLA-G allele among the men was G*01:01:01 (86.2%, n = 112) followed by G*01:01:02 (36.2%, n = 47). Allele G*01:01:02 showed to be protective against any- and high-risk (HR) oral HPV (OR range of 0.20–0.24, 95% CI range of 0.06–0.85). Men having allele G*01:01:01 showed a reduced risk for incident (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.84) and persistent (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.69) oral infections. Allele G*01:01:03 was associated with increased risk for urethral HR-HPV infections (OR 4.94, 95% CI 1.34–18.27). Among self-reported demographic data, genotype G*01:01:01/01:01:03 was associated with an increased risk for oral warts (OR 8.00, 95% CI 1.23–51.89) and allele G*01:03:01 increased the risk of pollen and/or animal allergy (OR 13.59, 95% CI 1.57–117.25). To conclude, HLA-G polymorphism in men largely impacts the outcome of an oral HPV infection and seems to associate with self-reported allergies.

Concurrent and Concordant Anal and Oral Human PapillomaVirus Infections Are Not Associated with Sexual Behavior in At-Risk Males.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) harbor the highest prevalence of anal and oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly if HIV-infected. We investigated anal and oral HPV infections in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM, to assess concurrent (HPV detected at both sites, irrespective of the genotypes), and concordant infections (same genotype[s] detected at both sites). Matched anal and oral samples from 161 MSM (85 HIV-infected, and 76 HIV-uninfected) were tested with the Linear Array. Determinants of concurrent and concordant infections were evaluated using logistic regression. Anal infections were 4 to 7 times more frequent than oral infections in both study groups (p < 0.0001). Concurrent infections were not significantly different in HIV-infected (25.9%) and HIV-uninfected MSM (17.1%), p = 0.18. A concordant infection was found in 15 MSM (9.3%). Concordance was for one genotype in 14 individuals and for four genotypes in the remaining subject. In the overall population, only age was independently associated with a concurrent infection (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.34–7.19 for >39 vs. ≤39 years). None of the parameters of sexual behavior showed independent association with concordant infections. Among MSM, concordant anal and oral HPV infections do not seem to be explained by sexual behavior, but might derive from sequential acquisition by autoinoculation.