Oral Human Papillomavirus DNA Research Articles

Concordant Oral and Vaginal Human Papillomavirus Infection in the United States.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common infection in adults, with tropism for sites in the head and neck and the genital tracts. To date, few studies have addressed concurrent infection in these sites. To understand the prevalence, characteristics, and concordance of HPV infections in the oral and vaginal regions. This study was a retrospective analysis of cross-sectional survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2012. The database was reviewed for all women aged 18 to 69 years with available oral and vaginal HPV DNA screening data. The study was performed from August 1, 2014, to November 1, 2014. Data analysis was performed from November 1, 2014, to June 30, 2015. Logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with infection. Covariates for multivariate analysis included age, income to poverty ratio, number of prior sexual partners, number of prior oral sex partners, and having recent oral sex partners. Dual infection was defined as having an infection of any serotype in both the oral and vaginal HPV regions. Concordant infection was defined as an infection of matching serotype in both locations. A total of 3463 women were identified (mean [SD] age, 37.5 [12.1] years). Racial distribution was 1341 white (38.7%), 786 black (22.7%), 554 Mexican American (16.0%), 378 other Hispanic (10.9%), and 404 self-identified as other (11.7%). Vaginal HPV infection was present in 1586 (45.2%) and oral HPV infection in 141 (4.1%). Dual infection was identified in 107 (3.0%) of all patients, and concordant infection was observed in 41 (1.1%). The prevalence of dual infection was 75.9% in those with oral infection and 6.8% in those with vaginal infection. On multivariate analysis, age (30-50 years) and higher income to poverty ratios had negative associations with dual and concordant infections. A new sexual partner within the last year was positively associated with dual infection (odds ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.03-5.02; P = .04). More than 2 oral sex partners in the past year was positively associated with concordant infection (odds ratio, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.06-11.06; P = .04). This analysis reveals the importance of several demographic factors (age and socioeconomic status) and behavioral factors (oral sex practices) in the development of dual and concordant HPV infection in women. Notably, other sexual behaviors, other sexually transmitted infections, sexual orientation, and number of lifetime sexual partners did not demonstrate any significant associations. Women with multiple oral sex partners and oral HPV infection have a high likelihood of having concurrent vaginal HPV infection.

Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in HPV-Positive Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer and Their Partners

To better understand oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cancer risk among long-term sexual partners of patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC). An oral rinse sample, risk factor survey, cancer history, and oral examination (partners only) were collected from patients with HPV-OPC and their partners. Oral rinse samples were evaluated for 36 types of HPV DNA using PGMY 09/11 primers and line-blot hybridization and HPV16 copy number using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Oral HPV prevalence was compared with infection among those age 45 to 65 years using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010. A total of 164 patients with HPV-OPC and 93 of their partners were enrolled. Patients were primarily men (90%), were never-smokers (51%), and had performed oral sex (97%), with a median age of 56 years; they had a high prevalence of oncogenic oral HPV DNA (61%) and oral HPV16 DNA (54%) at enrollment. Female partners had comparable oncogenic oral HPV prevalence compared with members of the general population of the same age (1.2% v 1.3%). Among the six male partners, no oncogenic oral HPV infections were detected. No precancers or cancers were identified during partner oral cancer screening examinations. However, a history of cervical disease was reported by nine partners (10.3%) and two female patients (11.8%), and three patients (2.0%) reported a previous partner who developed invasive cervical cancer. Oral HPV16 DNA is commonly detected among patients with HPV-OPC at diagnosis, but not among their partners. Partners of patients with HPV-OPC do not seem to have elevated oral HPV infection compared with the general population.

Oral Mucosa as a Reservoir of Human Papillomavirus: Point Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Incident Infections Among Males in a 7-year Prospective Study

BackgroundIn addition to the anogenital malignancies, human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to oropharyngeal cancer as an important risk factor in both men and women. Knowledge of oral HPV infection among males is needed to elucidate the transmission routes and potential for prevention. ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence, genotype distribution, and incidence of oral HPV infections among healthy Finnish men followed for 7 yr. Design, setting, and participantsOral scrapings for HPV testing were taken from 131 fathers-to-be (mean age: 28.9 yr) at baseline and at 2-mo, 6-mo, 12-mo, 24-mo, 36-mo, and 7-yr follow-up visits to detect prevalent and incident HPV infections. Purified DNA extracted from scrapings was used for HPV genotyping, with the Multimetrix kit (Progen Biotechnik, Heidelberg, Germany) detecting 24 genotypes. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisPoint prevalence, genotype distribution, and incident rates of oral HPV infections. Demographic data were collected using structured questionnaires, and covariates of incident oral HPV infections were analysed using uni- and multivariate Poisson regression (for panel data). Results and limitationsThe point prevalence of oral HPV infection fluctuated from 15.1% to 31.1% during the follow-up period. In total, 17 different HPV genotypes were found. At baseline, the single most frequent genotype among the HPV-positive samples was HPV16 (33.3%; 8 of 24), followed by HPV33 (12.5%) and HPV82 (12.5%). Multiple-type infections comprised 16.7% (4 of 24), HPV16 being involved in all combinations. For baseline-negative men, the mean time to the first incident infection ranged from 3.9 mo (HPV82) to 25.7 mo (HPV56). None of the demographic factors was a significant independent predictor of incident oral HPV infections in multivariate models. ConclusionsDetection of oral HPV DNA carriage in men is common, HPV16 being the most prevalent genotype. Oral mucosa may play a significant role in HPV transmission.

Lack of type-specific concordance between human papillomavirus (HPV) serology and HPV DNA detection in the uterine cervix and oral mucosa

There is limited knowledge about longitudinal genotype-specific concordance between human papillomavirus (HPV) serology and co-existent presence of HPV DNA in the uterine cervix. The role of oral HPV infections in inducing serological response is unclear, as is the effect of HPV antibodies on the outcome of oral HPV infections. The present study is part of the Finnish Family HPV Study designed to evaluate dynamics of HPV infections within families. Here, we correlated the point prevalence of HPV6, 11, 16, 18 and 45 antibodies and concomitant genotype-specific HPV DNA detection in cervical and oral samples of 323 mothers during their 3 year (mean 37.5 months) follow-up. The mean age of these pregnant mothers at enrolment (third trimester) was 25.5 years. HPV antibodies were analysed with multiplex HPV serology and HPV genotyping was performed using a Multimetrix kit (Progen Biotechnik). There was no concordance between cervical DNA detection and co-existent seropositivity, and the same was true even in samples taken 12 months apart. Women who cleared their cervical HPV16 infection had the highest HPV16 antibody levels, whereas those who acquired incident HPV16 infections had the lowest antibody levels. Neither the presence nor the dynamics of oral HPV DNA had any correlation with HPV serology.

Asymptomatic oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with a histopathologic diagnosis of genital HPV

The oral route of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission is not fully understood. It has been suggested that genital infection can act as a reservoir for oral HPV infection. We investigated the presence of oral HPV DNA and anti-HPV IgA in the buccal cavity of patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of cervical HPV infection. One hundred women underwent oral clinical examinations to detect HPV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction and salivary anti-HPV IgA by indirect immunofluorescence. Information on the personal habits of all the women was collected in personal interviews. Our results showed that 99% of the patients had no clinical manifestations of oral HPV. However, HPV DNA was detected in 81% of oral mucosa samples, and anti-HPV IgA was detected in the saliva of 44% of the patients. Consumption of alcoholic beverages was significantly associated with detection of oral HPV DNA and salivary anti-HPV IgA. Other behavioral risk factors associated with oral HPV and anti-HPV IgA are also discussed. In conclusion, patients with genital HPV infection are at risk for subclinical oral HPV infection. Thus, a molecular assay might be necessary to diagnose such infections.

Genotype-Specific Clearance of Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections among Mothers in the Finnish Family HPV Study

The majority of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in young women are transient, but whether the clearance differs among different HPV genotypes and the different factors predicting genotype-specific clearance are partly unknown. In the Finnish Family HPV Study, 131 of 252 women (mean age, 25.5 years) cleared their infection during the prospective follow-up of 6 years (median, 62.4 months; range, 1.6 to 94.5 months). Cervical scrapings collected at each visit were tested for 24 low-risk and high-risk (HR) HPV types with multiplex HPV genotyping. Poison regression (panel data) was used to estimate predictors for the clearance of species 7 and 9 HPV genotypes. Of all HPV genotypes detected in these women, multiple-type and HPV type 16 (HPV16) infections showed clearance least frequently (46.1% and 50.5%, respectively). The actuarial and crude mean times to first clearance were variable among different genotypes. The actuarial clearance rate (events/person-time at risk) was highest for HPV16 and multiple-type infections, while HPV66 and -82 had the highest crude clearance rate. Independent predictors increasing type-specific clearance of species 7/9 HPV genotypes were older age (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.03 to 1.18; P = 0.002) and baseline oral HR HPV DNA-negative status (IRR = 2.94; 95% CI, 1.03 to 8.36; P = 0.042), while a higher number of sexual partners during the follow-up decreased the probability of clearance (IIR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.83; P = 0.018). To conclude, HPV16 and multiple-type infections showed the lowest clearance among young mothers. Increasing age and negative oral HR HPV DNA status at baseline were associated with increased clearance, whereas a higher number of current sexual partners decreased the probability of species 7/9 HPV genotype clearance.

Low rate of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women screened for cervical HPV infection in Southern Italy: A cross‐sectional study of 140 immunocompetent subjects

Even though the natural history of cervical and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been investigated intensely, the possibility that HPV may infect both sites in the same subject is not well documented. This study investigated the frequency of concurrent oral and cervical HPV infection in southern Italian women, in the light of some selected socio-behavioral variables. One hundred forty women (mean age: 36 years), with known cervical HPV status, were analyzed for oral HPV. Age, smoking/drinking habits, clinical and socio-behavioral history were assessed by personal interviews. Oral mucosal cells were collected by oral brushing and HPV DNA was sought by the use of nested PCR amplification followed by direct DNA sequencing and the commercial assay INNOLiPA HPV Genotyping (Innogenetics N.V., Ghent, Belgium). The data were analyzed by using the chi-square test and a logistic regression (logit) model (P < 0.05 statistically significant). Oral HPV infection was detected in 2/140 (1.4%) cases, being present in 2/76 (2.6%) women with cervical HPV infection and 0/64 uninfected women (P = 0.19). A lack of type-specific concordance in the two patients with concurrent infection was observed. In the sample of population examined, HPV cervical infection does not seem to predispose to oral transmission, even in the presence of oral-genital sexual habits, thus suggesting the independence of infection at the two mucosal sites.

Human papillomavirus in the placenta and umbilical cord blood

To analyze human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in umbilical cord blood and in placenta, including its cellular localization. Longitudinal prospective study. Maternity Unit of Turku University Hospital, and MediCity, University of Turku. Placental and cord blood samples obtained at delivery from 315 mothers and 311 neonates included in the Finnish HPV Family Study. HPV testing by nested PCR and sequencing. Tyramide amplified in situ hybridization (ISH) for viral DNA localization in placenta. Correlation to mother's and neonate's oral and genital HPV status and maternal demographic data. Detection and cellular localization of HPV DNA. HPV DNA was detected in 4.2 and 3.5% of placenta and cord blood samples, respectively, including HPV types 16, 6, 83 and 39. In placenta, HPV6 and 16 DNA was localized in syncytiotrophoblasts. Abnormal cytology increased the risk of HPV+ placenta and cord blood. History of genital warts was the only independent predictor of cord blood HPV in multivariate analysis (adjusted OR=4.0, 95% CI: 1.09-14.54, p=0.036). HPV DNA in cord blood increased the risk of genital (OR=4.0, 95% CI: 1.08-14.83, p=0.048) and oral (OR=4.4, 95% CI: 1.17-16.14, p=0.039) HPV DNA carriage of the neonate. HPV+ placenta increased the risk of oral HPV of the neonate (OR=8.6, 95% CI: 2.73-27.13, p=0.0001). Delivery mode did not predict HPV status of the neonate. HPV DNA is detected in placental trophoblasts and umbilical cord blood. The presence of HPV DNA at these sites increases the risk of a neonate testing HPV-positive at birth.