Oral History Studies Research Articles

A Place in the Past, a Moment in the Present: An Analysis on the Experience of Going to the Cinema in Eskişehir in the 1990’s with Oral History

1895 yılından günümüze gelinceye dek birçok kişi sinemaya gitme deneyimi yaşamıştır. Bu deneyimin bazen anlık kararlara bazen de bir programa bağlı kalınarak yaşandığı söylenebilir. Sinemaya gitme deneyimi günlere, haftalara, aylara ve özellikle yıllara göre değişkenlik gösterir. Bu değişken yapı, sinemaya gitmeye dair hafızalarda yer alan anıları ortaya çıkarabilecek sözlü tarih çalışması ile anlaşılabilir. Sözlü tarih yöntemi çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın amacı 1990’lı yıllarda Eskişehir’de sinemaya gitme deneyimlerine sahip olan kişilerin anılarına ulaşılarak o dönemde sinema mekânlarına yönelik oluşan algıları ve sinemaya gitme deneyimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın problemi ise bu deneyimlerin daha çok hangi ortak temalar çerçevesinde yaşandığını belirlemektir. Çalışma, 1990’lı yıllarda Eskişehir’de sinemaya gitme deneyiminin ne şekilde yaşandığını bu deneyimi yaşayan kişilerin söylemlerinden yola çıkarak aktarması ve Eskişehir’e yönelik böyle bir çalışmaya daha önce yer verilmemiş olması bakımından önemlidir. Çalışmada toplam 24 kişiyle görüşülmüş, bu kişilerin o yıllardaki sinemaya gitme deneyimleri irdelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucu, Eskişehir’de günümüzde var olmayan ancak o yıllara imzasını atan, sosyalleşmenin öncüsü olan önemli sinema mekânlarının bulunduğu ve 1990’lı yıllara özgü durumların sinemaya gitmeye yönelik oluşan anılarda yer aldığı anlaşılmıştır.

Studying Industrial Oral History during the Pandemic – Ethical and Methodological Questions

This article discusses an oral history project that examines homer production at the Högfors Ironworks in Karkkila. This was a cooperative project of the University of Helsinki, the Finnish Labour Archives and the Finnish Foundry Museum in Karkkila. A “homer” (firabeli in Finnish) is an object made for one’s own benefit by a worker using his or her factory’s equipment and materials. The article focuses on ethical and methodological issues affecting the study of industrial oral history during the COVID-19 pandemic. What kind of practical and ethical challenges were faced, how could they be solved and how did they affect a project? These issues are reflected in relation to recent academic discussions on conducting oral history interviews during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the process in numerous ways. The conducting of interviews required a unique solution based on the local services of Karkkila. The risks for interviewers and interviewees were minimized. However, the downside was that a video interview during the long pandemic period might have been a psychologically stressing experience for some interviewees. The interviewees’ ideas about homer practices were similar to those of the previous oral history collections. The major distinction between the Karkkila collection and the previous collections lies in the foundry industry itself.

Documenting and Conserving Modern Architectural Heritage: Çağlayan Apartment Building İzmir-Karşiyaka

Abstract The conservation and transferring of cultural heritage to future generations have been facilitated by the increasing development of digital modeling and architectural visualization software. With the help of a virtual environment, heritage data can be archived more permanently and accessed by numerous users. This paper aims to put forward how heritage from a certain period can be documented, analyzed, and transferred using different digital techniques. Additionally, it claims that as a method, digital documentation is a practice that also contributes to different areas including culture, education, and tourism. Within the scope of this paper, Çağlayan Apartment Building from Karşıyaka, İzmir was selected as a case study for applying the digital documentation method. The methodology of the research comprises the following steps: literature review, on-site observation, identification of the period, area and specific case(s), photo shooting, having measured drawings, archive scanning, oral history studies, 2D architectural drawings in CAD medium, 3D modeling/rendering, illustration and poster preparation, website, e-catalog, and social media designs. In conclusion, it has been revealed that digital documentation of modern architectural heritage including interior elements has a positive impact on three interrelated areas: cultural sustainability, educational activities, and touristic popularity.

“Peas in a pod”: Oral History Reflections on Autistic Identity in Family and Community by Late-Diagnosed Adults

In this paper, we report on a participatory oral history study documenting the lives of late-diagnosed autistic adults in Australia. We interviewed 26 autistic adults about their life history and the impact of late diagnosis. All were diagnosed after the age of 35, growing up in an era when autism was not well known. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we uncovered a rich body of reflections on shared Autistic identity and identified three major themes within that data set: ‘conceptualising the Autistic family’, ‘creating Autistic community’, and ‘contesting Autistic identity’. Overall, the study provides insights into the active creation of shared Autistic identity and the importance of Autistic community to these late-diagnosed autistic adults.

Tarihyazımı, Hafıza, Aidiyet: Sözlü Tarih Yöntemi ve Türkiye’de Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Tarih disiplinin sınırlarını aşarak farklı sosyal ve beşerî bilim dalları tarafından da kullanılan sözlü tarih, yirminci yüzyılın en popüler veri toplama metotlarından biri olarak karşımıza çıkar. Sözlü tarihin özellikle 1970’lerden itibaren giderek yaygınlaşmasının sebebi yakın tarihi inceleyen araştırmacılara sunduğu potansiyellerle ilintilidir. Sözlü tarih henüz otobiyografilerini yazmamış liderlerin, yerel, ulusal ve uluslararası düzlemde karar verme merciinde bulunan seçilmiş ve atanmış bürokratların belgelenmemiş deneyimlerine erişim sağlayabilmeyi olanaklı kıldığı gibi işçiler, kadınlar, etnik azınlıklar, marjinal ve dezavantajlı grupların tarih anlatısında yer almasını mümkün kılmaktadır. Sözlü tarih 1970’lerden itibaren hem yaygınlaşmış hem de sıkça eleştirilmiştir. 1980’lerin sonundan itibaren gerek bu eleştiriler ve gerekse sosyal ve beşerî bilimlerdeki teorik tartışmalar neticesinde, sözlü tarih içinde farklı eğilim ve yorumlama biçimlerini barındıran ve birçok disiplinden beslenen yöntem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika’da 1960’ların sonunda ivme kazanmaya başlayan sözlü tarih Türkiye’de akademik literatüre eklemlenmesi 1990’ların başına rastlar. 1990’lardan bugüne kadar Türkiye’de sözlü tarihin gelişimine bakıldığında sözlü tarih çalışmalarının geçmişin daha kapsayıcı bir şekilde yazılmasını mümkün kılmak için farklı tarihsel zemin, olay ve aktörlere odaklandığını söylemek mümkündür. Fakat gerek Batı gerekse Batı dışı coğrafyalarda yapılan sözlü tarih çalışmaları ile kıyaslandığında, Türkiye’de sözlü tarihe dayanan akademik çalışmaların ve sözlü tarih projelerinin hem sayısal anlamda çok az hem de sözlü tarihin potansiyelini yansıtacak kadar konu ve yaklaşım çeşitliliğine sahip olmadığı gözlemlenir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışma, bu konuda Türkiye içinde ve dışında üretilen literatürü eleştirel bir şekilde okuyarak, sözlü tarih yönteminin ne olduğunu, neden ortaya çıktığını, sözlü tarih çalışmalarının yıllar içinde nasıl ve neden dönüştüğünü ve son olarak sözlü tarih yönteminin günümüz Türkiye’sinin yakın tarih yazımında kullanımını inceleyecektir.

Letter to the Editor

In his review of my book Labor Pioneers: Economy, Labor, and Migration in Filipino-Danish Relations 1950–2015, Frank Caestecker misguides the reader in the first sentence. He states, “Filipino migration to Denmark (and Europe) can be split into two different flows: labor migration and marriage migration” (Labor 18:1). That may be the reviewer's analytical position, but it is not mine. In the book I argue explicitly against this categorization. Those who came in 1960–73 called themselves the Filipino Pioneers, and the majority carried or obtained shortly after arrival work and residence permits tied to their own person—not to an employer or spouse. From 1974, when Danish authorities implemented a so-called immigration stop, it became increasingly difficult for Philippine citizens to migrate in the same way. The easiest way to gain legal access to the Danish labor market became to marry someone with Danish citizenship or permanent residence. Does that make the post-1974 arrivals marriage migrants?In my view, that term obscures realities. Labor Pioneers shows that most post-1974 arrivals, just like the Pioneers, came in the search of a more prosperous and secure life for themselves—and often their (extended) families. Many found work in the same workplaces as the Pioneers. In the 1990s, a new legal opportunity to enter Denmark without having to marry opened to Filipinas/os: the au pair scheme, where young people live and work in a private household doing “chores” in exchange for accommodation and an “allowance.” Many of these migrants continued to move from one temporary permit to another in several European countries, but some married in Denmark, which was one of the few ways they could prolong their legal stay. Does that make them marriage migrants?The reviewer goes on to say that “the marriage migrant is only mentioned when these mostly female partners of Danish citizens become active on the labor market and interact with Filipino labor migrants.” This implies that there are Filipina “marriage migrants” who do not “become active on the labor market.” In my experience—having interviewed dozens of migrants from various arrival periods, having done participant observation and collected vast numbers of empirical materials from individuals and organizations—few, if any, migrants come without a plan to work and earn. What structurally changed over time were not the motivations for migrating (even if every individual has their own story) but the conditions for entering, residing, and working legally in Denmark. The implications of this reconfiguration of labor migration are explored in my book from various perspectives, one of them being life stories—which the reviewer finds much too detailed.The lack of appreciation for details is also reflected in the facts that the reviewer gets wrong. To take but two examples, Caestecker states that forty-nine Filipinas were recruited in 1973 to a Danish hotel “through a state agency.” They were not, for the simple reason that this agency was only established a year later. Most of “the 49ers” had been recommended by Filipina/o workers already residing in Denmark and working at other hotels in town. However, a couple had been referred by Philippine labor officials, and a woman from Department of Labor escorted the group to Copenhagen, leading me to investigate state involvement in labor export prior to the establishment of Overseas Employment Development Board (OEDB; precursor to Philippine Overseas Employment Administration). I unravel this part of the story through both oral history and archival studies using materials in the Philippines and Denmark that to my knowledge have not been explored before. This apparently escaped the reviewer, who claims that my “empirical material is mainly based on oral sources.” The reviewer also states that after 1975, “labor migration from the Philippines did not resume until the late 1990s.” This is of course wrong, and an entire chapter describes specifically how migration continued despite the formal ban (including how the OEDB continued to deploy workers to Denmark).The reviewer ends by regretting that I did not make a comparative European study rather than focusing on “the Danish case,” thus ignoring extensive references to other Nordic countries and the European context more broadly. It is not, however, a comparative study, which I do not disagree might be interesting and useful. What I disagree with is the reviewer's idea that a study paying equal attention to all parts of Europe could be completed with “little additional effort.” In 1975, Europe was the destination of one in every four temporary Filipino migrants, and today it is home to around a million Filipinos. Labor Pioneers is a small contribution to this enormous—and largely unexplored—field. May ample future efforts be put into excavating this rich part of labor and migration history.

Scientific advice and COVID-19 policy making in the UK: an oral history study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed severe challenges to policy makers in all countries: these include uncertainty about the science of the disease, its epidemiology, and public behaviour, coupled with the need to act fast. This real-time study was undertaken to capture UK Government scientific advisers' perceptions of how scientific advice worked and to learn lessons about what works best in a fast-moving response to a novel epidemic. MethodsRegular semi-structured calls were recorded with ten prominent scientific advisers to elicit their roles in, and reactions to, the UK's COVID-19 response. Interviewees were recruited using the existing networks of the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections. They were active in fields including biomedical research, modelling, and global health, and they included members of the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE). In pandemic conditions interviewing was opportunistic: one participant spoke to us almost every 1–2 weeks, others at longer intervals. Interviews were transcribed and coded using a published analytical framework for the study of policy decision-making. Findings93 interviews were conducted between Feb 17, 2020, and July 22, 2021. We report interviewees' perceptions that scientific advice had not led to sufficiently rapid policy decisions, and that a lack of transparency was sapping public trust. Interviewees also drew attention to policy makers' failure in the early months of the pandemic to frame a policy goal, and the problems this posed for giving scientific advice. It also became clear that scientific advisers and policy makers operated in different intellectual worlds, and that useful advice was most likely to be given when individuals could span this gap and understand the agendas of each group. InterpretationThese findings provide empirical information about how science advice has worked, uncovering power dynamics and business processes that are not otherwise well understood. We argue that politicians abdicated responsibility by their early “follow the science” rhetoric, later renegotiated. The study would be strengthened if the perceptions of policy makers were also included. We requested interviews with eight policy makers, who declined due to unavailability. FundingUK Research and Innovation—National Institute for Health Research.

Redemption, settlement and agriculture in the religious teachings of Hovevei Zion

Hovevei Zion is a collective name for several societies established in Eastern Europe in the 19th century, advocating immigration to the land of Israel, settlement of the land and agricultural work. This article examines the religious approach of several prominent thinkers from among Hovevei Zion and the First Aliya, who shared the perception of farming and settling the land as having religious and even messianic meaning. It was clear to them that the Torah is the foundation of the Jewish people’s existence, however, to this they added another value – work. These thinkers strived to change the identity of the exilic Jew, who was occupied only with spiritual religious life and to reinstate the identity of the biblical Jew, who combined a spiritual and a material religious life. The article examines the approach of Hovevei Zion in light of the general rabbinic approach to redemption, settlement and agriculture and the social changes in 19th century Europe.Contribution: This article contributes to the journal’s multidisciplinary theological perspective, particularly the notion ‘historical thought’, which covers the textual and oral history and hermeneutical studies, narratives and philosophies behind the Abrahamic religions as expressed in the Hebrew Scriptures and the Rabbinic literature.

Collaborative Research: Partnering with the community to improve the science and its impact

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Michigan PBB Research Registry consists of ~7,000 people exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) following its accidental introduction into Michigan’s animal feed. After nearly forty years, the PBB Registry was transferred to Emory University, allowing the research team to engage this community. METHODS: Community engagement (CE) activities were initiated with goals of disseminating research findings to those affected, responding to educational needs, incorporating community input, and facilitating research participation. CE methods include community meetings, where research results are shared with the affected community and questions/concerns are addressed and documented. At the first community meeting, we asked for volunteers for the Citizens Advisory Board (CAB) to guide us in research and engagement efforts. The CAB joined forces with the Pine River Superfund Citizen Task Force, a community advisory group focused on the remediation of the Superfund sites left from the PBB manufacturer, and the Mid-Michigan District Health Department. RESULTS:These efforts have evolved into a community-research partnership, where the community identified research questions, helped develop the research approach, and is an integral part of research decision-making. This partnership has led to significant changes in outreach activities, research protocols, and research priorities: community health concerns were added to surveys, the age range for participation was expanded, and chemical workers/family who were removed from the Registry (1990s) due to multiple exposures were re-enrolled with exposome methods to evaluate their complex exposures. Community concerns regarding multi-generational effects and continued high-levels of PBB body burden led to a multi-generational epigenetics study, a clinical trial aimed at accelerating PBB elimination, and an oral history study documenting the lived experience of those affected using qualitative methods. This work will be translated in an online continuing medical education course for healthcare providers. CONCLUSIONS:The community-research partnership has enhanced the science and its relevancy and potential benefit to the impacted community. KEYWORDS: Community-engaged research, science communication, exposome, environmental epidemiology, environmental justice

Clinical Epidemiology in China series. Paper 1: Evidence-based medicine in China: An oral history study

ObjectiveTo describe and record the evolution of EBM in China. Study Design and SettingWe conducted the study following the general methodology of oral history. The interviews were done at Lanzhou University, between 18th and 22nd April 2019 using pre-defined questions. All interviews were videorecorded. Two investigators extracted and analyzed the information from the interviews independently. ResultsOne international expert and ten Chinese experts participated in the interviews. After the introduction of EBM in China in the mid-1990s, more than 20 EBM centres have been established. According to the interviewees, Gordon Guyatt, David Sackett and Iain Chalmers are the international experts who played the most important role in the development of EBM in China. China has contributed to EBM on the international level by conducting systematic reviews, developing reporting checklists, and introducing the principles of EBM into Traditional Medicine. The Chinese Cochrane Centre and the EBM Centre of Lanzhou University were ranked the top two EBM Centres in China by the interviewees. ConclusionEBM has been developing in China for nearly a quarter of a century. Many achievements have been reached, however, EBM is still facing many challenges in China, including shortages of funding support and personnel, as well as limited local high-quality evidence.

We Are Not Going Back: Migrant Music as the New Folk Music of Italy

This article concerns the “Roma Forestiera” project that has been carried out for the last ten years by the independent Circolo Gianni Bosio organization, which is devoted to the study of popular memory, folk song, and oral history. The author describes the experiences gathered while recording witnesses to history on the streets and in the migrant centres.

SOEs with SFE: Forwarding the Work of the Liberal Arts in Democratic Community

Twelve leading Social Foundations of Education (SFE) scholars describe their professional work in the field. The research question within this oral history study is: In what ways do SFE scholars express the importance of the Liberal Arts (LA) framework for the community of educational stakeholders in a democracy? The respondents explain the degree to which democratic teaching and learning—building voice, perspective, and point-of-view of the individual within community—supports growth in society and prepares classroom teachers to do such work. Moreover, they identify SFE as a significant field that leverages the LA framework of critique and deep thinking in teacher preparation coursework. The respondents note the importance of a strong relationship between SFE and Schools of Education (SOEs) methods faculty. They describe how SFE, with LA, advances democratic practices, essential to the work of SOE methods faculty, teachers of PreK–20+ classrooms, and the communities they serve.

Between Old Traditions and New Approaches: Locating Oral History and Memory Studies in East Central Europe

AbstractThe article explores how oral history and memory studies have been used in East Central Europe after the fall of the Iron Curtain. It focuses particularly on the question of whether Eastern European scholars only reproduce what was invented in the West, or whether they advance their original concepts and ideas. Both disciplines have been involved in reassessing the history of communism and the communist version of history itself and both contributed to revealing memoires obscured by the communist regime, even if the role of oral history may be considered as pivotal in this process. Although oral history had been practiced in the region at least since the 1970s, it was introduced as a new discipline according to the Western criteria after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Memory studies and their most successful concept, the “lieux de mémoire”, were implemented into to the region later and the promoters of the concept were predominantly Western scholars. Drawing on the uses of the term “historical consciousness” in Czech and Polish research, the article argues that various strategies associated with the “return to Europe” can be found in the region when promoting native traditions and equalizing them with the Western ones.

The Palimpsest of Welfarism: Enduring Layers of Paternalism in a New Zealand Industry Town

This paper explores the enduring impression made by industry and its representatives on the workforces, communities and locations in which it resides. This oral history study is based on a New Zealand single industry town developed in the post-World War II era and founded on the principles of industrial welfarism and paternalism. The study reveals that the employment relation practices of the town’s symbolic “founding father” have had an enduring effect on shared community identification long after the withdrawal of these practices, and the subsequent downsizing of the primary industry. Thus, the predominant memory was both shaped by principles of industrial paternalism and entwined with stories of recent events of downsizing and redundancy. Drawing on the metaphor of palimpsest, we consider how present accounts of downsizing and redundancy simultaneously overlay, dismantle and rewrite historical accounts of paternalistic interaction in the community. This paper highlights the enduring politics of industrial history, and the continued legacy of industrial strategies on the way in which we live, work and organise.

Examinning the Opinions of Students and Parents on Oral History Studies within the Scope of Life Sciences Lesson

Examinning the Opinions of Students and Parents on Oral History Studies within the Scope of Life Sciences Lesson

Dr Hetty Brenda Ockrim (1919-2007) and her medical legacy.

Dr Hetty Ockrim was a general practitioner in an inner-city Glasgow district for 43 years, before retiring in 1989. This paper looks at her career and her legacy through the pioneering oral history study she undertook, on retirement, with former patients, and the 'Letters to No-one' written at the time of her retirement but only discovered at the time of her death.

UNDERSTANDING THE FEVZI ÇAKMAK NEIGHBORHOOD: THROUGH ITS PAST, PRESENT AND PLANNED TOMORROW

Mahalle is a place name derived from the Arabic roots halel and hulul, meaning “to land, to settle down” (Turkish Dictionary, 1998). In addition to the residential structures within a neighborhood, it has a mosque, primary school, fountain, baths, a grocery store, bakery, parks, etc. It is the smallest settlement in a city. On the other hand, socially a neighborhood refers to a community that is placed somewhere and has organizational relationships. The neighborhood phenomenon is one of the most important legacies that continue from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic. During the Republican period, many new neighborhoods have also been established, often formed by adhering to a plan. In this study, the formation of Fevzi Çakmak neighborhood, one of the neighborhoods designed according to the Kayseri ARU-Oelsner (1945) zoning plan, and the change that the neighborhood has undergone from the past to the present will be examined. According to the data obtained, the aim of the Kayseri ARU-Oelsner zoning plan is to contribute to the Urban Transformation Project of Fevzi Çakmak neighborhood, which will be planned by the local government in the future. Literature and field studies, document analysis and oral history studies will be used as methods in the study. In this context, maps belonging to the neighborhood, zoning plans, Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality and Kocasinan Municipality archive records and old photographs will be provided. The Fevzi Çakmak neighborhood, which was built in the 1960s, has a grid plan type and is one of the modern neighborhoods that have contributed to the development of the city in an east direction. A city analysis will be carried out in historical continuity from the establishment of Fevzi Çakmak neighborhood to the present day. It is believed that detecting interventions in significant areas of change/transformation of the neighborhood will make significant contributions to the future urban transformation project. Accordingly, it is proposed that the analysis to be conducted in the neighborhood be evaluated within a theoretical framework which is known in Urban Planning as “we-zoning and Hoyt classification”. Accordingly, the areas identified in the neighborhood in the present study will be evaluated within the scope of “protection”, “correction” (improvement) and “renewal” strategies. It is expected that this work, carried out in the Kayseri Fevzi Çakmak neighborhood, will contribute to urban planning and transformation projects and architectural discussions throughout the country.

Early childhood theories, ideals and social-political movements, an oral history study of pioneers in the second half of the twentieth century

ABSTRACT Early childhood education changed in the twentieth century, from mother-at-home-care in the 1950s, to professional early education today. Theoretical and social-political choices of pioneers in ECE had a profound impact on the way children’s education is conceptualized. We argue from a social constructivist perspective. The oral history method is used to document the professional life stories of 29 pioneers, born in Europe and the USA between 1940 and 1955. These pioneers were inspired by personal histories of growing up in the post-WWII / the cold war era, and, for some, their experience with poverty and discrimination based on social class and gender; but also by social-political movements of the 1970s. These experiences motivated to fight against discrimination, to support women’s and children’s rights, and communities, through the provision of high-quality services. They expressed concern that these values are at risk today by the dominance of economics and neoliberal policies.

Three Sevastopol Addresses of V. V. Zykova (Fomina) in the Canvas of Her “Don Quixote” Life

The hero city of Sevastopol knows many family stories that have been carefully preserved for decades; they are located at the junction of oral history and homeland studies, and many of them formed the basis of excursion routes in the beautiful city. This article tells about the fate of Valentina Vasilyevna Zykova (Ur. Fomina, in her first marriage Kozlova) (February 23, 1887 — May 2, 1966), who lived a difficult and eventful life, not stopping at any obstacles and not fearing the storms of fate. Fomina was born into a family of Russian patriots: father, Vasily Petrovich Fomin — regular soldier, retired major general, teacher of the artillery school in Novocherkassk; mother, Anna Akimovna Chikileva came from a noble family living near Taganrog, graduated from the Smolny Institute of noble maidens. Parents raised three highly educated daughters: Evgenia Vasilievna (an excellent doctor), Valentina Vasilievna (a talented teacher) and Olga Vasilievna (impulsive nature, who had singing talent). Elder Fomins came to Sevastopol to unite the whole large family, daughters, their spouses and their grandchildren under one roof. Big toiler V. P. Fomin built a stone house № 64 in one staircase along Ekaterininskaya Street (now Lenin Street, house № 46), inside which he designed a small kindergarten, which he looked after until the end of his days. The house was located on the Sevastopol “upper city”, next to the Peter and Paul Church and Vladimir Cathedral, next to the peers of the defense of Sevastopol (1854—1855). And until now, the “handsome house” pleases the townspeople and guests of the city with its architectural design and ceremonial look. V. V. Zykova (Fomina) called Sevastopol her favorite city and believed that only in it she was truly happy. In the first Sevastopol period, she was surrounded by three generations of the family — parents, first husband, graduate of the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, B. I. Kozlov, who died of typhus in 1920, three of their sons, as well as a family of sisters. Valentina Vasilyevna got along very well with all of them. And in the troubled years, in order to financially support the household, she set up a small private cafe near the house, where celebrities who came to Sevastopol were invited to perform (there were F.I. Chaliapin, L.V. Sobinov, A.N. Vertinskiy), in addition members of a large family who had good voices spoke out. By 1923, his home on Catherine Street suffered a lot of losses, nationalization and compaction. Fomin was sued by her beautiful home. The following year, Fomina married a second-time military officer A.V. Zykov. In a happy marriage, Anatoly Vasilievich adopted the eldest sons, the younger children were born, a son and a daughter. At that time, the family moved to Maikop. The Maikop period was overshadowed by the arrest and execution of Valentina Vasilyevna’s second husband. After that, the stigma of the wife and children of the “people’s enemy” was entrenched for a long time to well-educated, educated and noble people. Having received a historical and philological education at the St. Petersburg Higher (Bestuzhev) Сourses, as a volunteer at the University of Berlin and the Sorbonne, having the ability to study European languages, all his life engaged in self-education, in the first Sevastopol period V. V. Zykova (Fomina) taught history, literature and geography in a private gymnasium A. V. Podlesnaya, located on Sadovaya Street, house number 2 (now the corner of Lyudmila Pavlichenko St. and Tereshchenko St.). Later, Zykova taught in schools in Central Asia and Abkhazia. A quarter of a century later, V. V. Zykova (Fomina) returned to Sevastopol, she lived in the family of the youngest daughter A. A. Leontyuk helping to raise a grandson. Biography of V. V. Zykova (Fomina) takes place around three Sevastopol addresses. In parallel, the fate of her close relatives is highlighted. The family archive of the Fomins — Kozlovs — Malovs — Antipovs — Salikovs — Zykovs was collected by several generations of family members; It is mainly concentrated in Sevastopol and St. Petersburg. The author of the article was in correspondence with A. A. Leontyuk since 1998, who expresses heartfelt gratitude for the opportunity to learn more about her mother — V. V. Zykova (Fomina).

Reiki therapy in the Unified Health System: meanings and experiences in integral health care.

to understand the meanings of Reiki therapy in the Unified Health System, based on the experiences of users and therapists. thematic oral history study, conducted with 12 users and 11 Reiki therapists, in three public health services, in the city of São Paulo, SP, in 2018. The interviews were transcribed and categorized, through thematic content analysis, with the help of the Atlas.ti software. for the interviewees, Reiki activates a universal energy, offering benefits to the body, mind, and spirit. The engagement of therapists in such practice was motivated by the desire to carry out voluntary work. Users claim to seek this therapy to overcome a state of suffering and use natural practices. the meanings and experiences with Reiki therapy are many, but they converge in the understanding of this practice as a producer of health, well-being, and quality of life, through care centered on the integral human being.