Oral Health-related Quality Of Life Of Children Research Articles

The relationship between malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among adolescents: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Malocclusion is a deviation from an anatomical norm that occurs in various populations. Evidence shows that it has physical and psychological implications as well as an influence on the patient's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Self-perception of oral health plays an important role in the understanding of malocclusion's influence on the quality of life. Malocclusion has been reported to impair a patient's function, appearance, interpersonal relationships and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years with malocclusion are at increased risk for having a high level of OHRQoL compared with those without malocclusion. The Ovid Medline, Embase and Scopus databases were used to identify studies measuring the association between malocclusion and HRQoL. Only cross-sectional studies were included, and the following inclusion criteria were used: subjects were systemically healthy; data were available for untreated malocclusion and OHRQoL; malocclusion was measured by Dental Aesthetic Index and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs; OHRQoL was assessed by Child Perception Questionnaire, Child Oral Health Impact Profile and Child Oral Health Impact Profile; and the paper was published in English. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to establish the risk of bias, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence quality assessment tool was used to assess the impact of malocclusion on adolescents across studies. The initial search yielded 530 papers. Eleven cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses, and all data describing the relationship between malocclusion and OHRQoL were gathered via a structured questionnaire. Our results showed that malocclusion is linked to decreased OHRQoL in children and adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years in continuously analysed studies. However, in dichotomously analysed studies, it was shown that young people without malocclusion are linked to decreased OHRQoL. Adolescents with severe levels of malocclusion might have among the worst levels of OHRQoL. The effects of malocclusion on OHRQoL were influenced by the age of the adolescents as well as by their culture and environment. PROSPERO (CRD42020178657).

Evaluation of the ECOHIS and the CARIES-QC among an Australian "Aboriginal" population.

An evaluation of the reliability and validity of two child oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL) measures among Australian Aboriginal children who participated in a randomised trial was undertaken. Study participants completed the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and the Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children (CARIES-QC). The questionnaires were completed a second time to test the scales' test-retest reliability. Internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated through Cronbach's alpha, correlation of the scale scores with the global oral health evaluation, and comparison of scale scores among children with varying levels of caries experience, respectively. Worse COHRQoL was reported by parents who rated their child's oral health as poor and by children who rated their teeth as being a lot of problem. Cronbach's alpha for the child impact section (CIS), family impact section (FIS), total ECOHIS score and the total CARIES-QC scale were 0.88, 0.81, 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. Spearman's correlations between scale scores and global oral health ratings of the CIS, FIS, total ECOHIS and the CARIES-QC were 0.42, 0.34, 0.45 and 0.70, respectively, p < 0.001. The Kruskal-Wallis test of scale scores with grouped caries experience was statistically significant, p < 0.005. Test-retest reliabilities for the ECOHIS were CIS ICC = 0.91, FIS ICC = 0.89, total ECOHIS ICC = 0.93 and for the CARIES-QC, ICC = 0.61. Both the ECOHIS and the CARIES-QC were reliable and valid scales for use among an Australian Aboriginal population for assessing COHRQoL of preschool children. ACTRN12616001537448, date of registration-08 November 2016.

Validation of a 4-item child perception questionnaire in Australian children.

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a 4-item child oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) instrument that might be more amenable for uptake in large scale, multifaceted surveys of children’s health and wellbeing than current, longer-form child OHRQoL instruments.MethodsData were obtained from a study of the South Australian School Dental Service population designed to investigate OHRQoL among school children aged 8–13 years in 2002–2003. The Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10 and CPQ11-14) was utilised, which comprises 25 & 37 items representing four conceptual domains: oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional wellbeing and social wellbeing. Initially, the psychometric properties of the short form 8-item CPQ were tested in both age groups using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The rationale was that, if the 8-item CPQ8-10 and CPQ11-14 did not display good psychometric properties, there was no reason to proceed with further shortening into 4-item versions. Following a good fit of the 8-item CPQ, items with higher factor loadings in each domain were maintained and tested in the development of a 4-item CPQ. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted to determine dimensionality, followed by tests for reliability and validity. Model fits were assessed using Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR).ResultsThere were 308 children aged 8–10 years who completed CPQ8-10 and 461 children aged 11–13 years who completed CPQ11-14. For the short-form 8-item instrument, satisfactory goodness of fit was demonstrated for the two age groups, with acceptable thresholds for RMSEA, CFI, and SRMR. The four items with the highest factor loading in each domain were the same for the 8-item CPQ8-10 and CPQ11-14. and these items were selected to comprise the 4-item CPQ8-10 and CPQ11-14. The 4-item short form displayed good criterion validity, with expected score patterns found in the majority of the known groups evaluated.ConclusionsWe developed short-form 4-item CPQ8-10 and CPQ11-14 instruments that were tested in a large convenience sample of South Australian school children. The instruments demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Implications for practice are discussed.

Pathways between toothache and children's oral health-related quality of life.

Toothache is considered a multifactorial health problem that is associated with oral diseases and comorbidities. Evaluate the direct and indirect pathways between toothache and children's oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL). This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a random sample of children from southern Brazil. The variables included demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and oral health characteristics. Toothache was collected through the question 'Have you had toothache in the last 12months?'. COHRQoL was collected by the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 8-10 in his Brazilian version. The pathways between the associated variables, toothache, and COHRQoL were analyzed through structural equation modeling. A total of 449 schoolchildren were evaluated. The prevalence of toothache was 50.1% (95% confidence interval: 45.4%-54.8%). The poorer COHRQoL was directly affected by the presence of toothache. Considering the indirect pathways, the low household income, high household crowding, low age, the use of public health service, and the untreated dental caries influenced indirectly in the worst COHRQoL via toothache. This study determined that COHRQoL was directly influenced by toothache. Meanwhile, indirect pathways were observed. These findings justify initiatives that highlight the importance of the reduction of oral diseases that can lead to pain experiences.

Association between dental conditions, sliver diamine fluoride application, parental satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life of preschool children.

To investigate the associations between dental conditions, sliver diamine fluoride (SDF) application, parental satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children. In a clinical trial conducted in Hong Kong, preschool children who had carious lesions into dentine were randomly assigned to receive an application of SDF solution or placebo on their caries lesions 10 weeks before they received restorations. Additionally, a random sample of caries-free children was also recruited. Parents of the study children rated their satisfaction with their child's teeth using a 5-point scale (5 = very satisfied, 1 = very dissatisfied) 10 weeks after SDF or placebo application. Besides, the Chinese version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (C-ECOHIS) was used to assess the children's OHRQoL. There were 127, 133, and 154 children in the SDF, placebo, and caries-free groups, respectively. The parents whose child had 4 or more decayed teeth reported lower satisfaction scores (mean = 2.0 ± 0.7) with their child's dental health status compared with those of parents whose child had fewer (mean = 2.6 ± 0.9) or no (mean = 3.7 ± 0.7) decayed teeth (p < 0.001). These parents also reported higher C-ECOHIS scores. However, there was no significant difference in parental satisfaction and children's OHRQoL between the SDF and placebo groups (p > 0.05). In this study population, parental satisfaction and children's OHRQoL were associated with children's dental caries status but not with SDF application. This study provides valuable information about the factors, including SDF application, that can influence parental satisfaction and OHRQoL of preschool children.

Impact of Lifestyle Variables on Oral Diseases and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children of Milan (Italy).

A large part of the Italian population doesn’t receive adequate information and support on how to maintain oral health. In this observational, cross-sectional, pilot study, we investigated how some lifestyle-related variables affect oral diseases and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children attending public-school summer services in Milan. A survey that included questions on children’s oral disease, OHRQoL and lifestyle-related factors (feeding habits, oral hygiene protective behaviors, dental coaching and socio-economic and educational status), was administered to the children’s caregivers. Data from 296 surveys were analyzed to assess the protective/negative effect of each variable on oral disease and OHRQoL. With respect to disease, the “never” consumption of fruit juice, the use of fluoride toothpaste, higher educational qualification and ISEE (equivalent family income) of those who filled out the form, resulted protective factors. Regarding OHRQoL, the “never” assumption/use of tea bottle, sugared pacifier and fruit juice as well as the use of fluoride toothpaste, a higher educational qualification and ISEE of those who filled out the form, resulted to have protective effects. In conclusion, protective behaviors and socio-economic status affect oral disease and OHRQoL in children of Milan.

Four-dimensional oral health-related quality of life impact in children: A systematic review.

Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) is an important dental patient‐reported outcome which is commonly based on 4 dimensions, namely Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance and Psychosocial Impact. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) is the most used OHRQoL instrument designed for adults; nevertheless, it is used off‐label for children as well. Our aim was to describe the OHRQoL impact on children measured by OHIP and map the information to the 4‐dimensions framework of OHRQoL. A systematic literature review following the PRISMA statement was conducted to include studies assessing OHRQoL of children ≤ 18 years using OHIP. The OHIP seven‐domain information was converted to the OHRQoL 4‐dimension scores accompanied by their means and 95% confidence interval. Risk of bias was assessed using a six‐item modified version of quality assessment tool for prevalence studies. We identified 647 articles, after abstracts screening, 111 articles were reviewed in full text. Twelve articles were included, and their information was mapped to the 4‐dimensional OHRQoL. Most included studies had low risk of bias. OHRQoL highest impact was observed for Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, and Orofacial Appearance for children with: Decayed‐Missing‐Filled‐Surface (DMFS) of ≥10, anterior tooth extraction without replacement and untreated fractured anterior teeth, respectively. Across all oral health conditions, Psychosocial Impact was less affected than the other three dimensions. OHIP has been applied to a considerable number of children and adolescents within the literature. One instrument and a standardised set of 4‐OHRQoL dimensions across the entire lifespan seem to be a promising measurement approach in dental and oral medicine.

Impact of Dental Caries on the Quality of Life of Preschool Children and Families in Amman, Jordan.

Early childhood caries (ECC) may have a harmful impact on quality of life (QoL) of young children and parents. No oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) studies had been carried out among preschool children in Jordan. The aims of the study were to assess the prevalence of ECC among preschool children and to evaluate its impact on the QoL of children and families. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among preschool children aged 4 and 5 years. A two-stage random sampling design was implemented. Parents answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) which was used to assess OHRQoL and a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data. Clinical examination included ECC, anterior malocclusion treats (AMT) and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The simultaneous influence of different independent variables including gender, AMT, TDI and socioeconomic indicators (SEI) on the overall QoL was also investigated. Analysis of variance test (ANOVA), the Fisher's least statistically significant difference criteria of post hoc and simple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Of the 2164 targeted preschool children, 1557 were included in the study. Prevalence of ECC was 72.5% and 77.2% among 4 and 5 year olds, respectively. Compared with caries-free children, ECC children (dmft 1-4 and dmft >4) had significantly higher mean scores of all the items of the ECOHIS (p <0.05, 0.01 and 0.001) as well as mean scores of overall ECOHIS (p <0.001). There was a significant increase in mean scores of items (p <0.05, 0.01) and overall ECOHIS mean scores (p <0.05) with increasing severity of dental caries. Only dental caries had a significant effect on ECOHIS (OR = 4, CI 3.179-5.972, p <0.001) while other confounders failed to demonstrate any impact. Dental caries prevalence was high and the level of severity was associated with worse OHRQoL of preschool children and families.

The Effect of Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia on Quality of Life and Growth and Blood Chemistry Parameters in Uncooperative Pediatric Patients with Compromised Oral Health: A Pilot Study.

Background: The effect of untreated dental caries and their treatment under general anesthesia (GA) on the quality of life, growth, and blood chemistry parameters in uncooperative pediatric patients has not been extensively elucidated. The aims are to evaluate the impact of dental treatment under GA on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in uncooperative pediatric patients with severe dental caries and to assess the effect of dental treatment under GA on children’s weight (Wt), height (Ht), Body Mass Index (BMI), and blood chemistry parameters. Methods: Forty-three uncooperative children aged 3–14 years were selected. OHRQoL, through ECOHIS (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale) and COHRQoL (Child Oral Health-Related Quality of Life) questionnaires, Wt, Ht, BMI, and blood chemistry parameters were measured at baseline and eight months after dental treatment under GA. Results: At follow up, the reductions in the ECHOIS and the COHRQoL components were statistically significant (p < 0.0001), there was significant improvement in the anthropometric measures: 76.5% of children increased the percentile curves for weight, 68.6% for height, and 51.4% for BMI; for the blood chemistry parameters: ferritin improved in 68.6% of the samples, PCR in 65.7%, ESR in 68.6%, Vitamin D in 68.6%, and IGF-1 in 65.7%. Conclusions: Oral health status significantly influences OHRQoL, growth, and blood chemistry parameters in uncooperative pediatric patients.

Impact of orthodontic treatment need and deviant occlusal traits on oral health–related quality of life in children: A cross-sectional study in the Generation R cohort

Many studies have investigated the impact of orthodontic treatment need (OTN) on children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). However, few studies have explored the impact of deviant occlusal traits on OHRQOL regarding the severity of OTN. This cross-sectional study aims to address this gap in the literature. This study was conducted within the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. We assessed OTN with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and OHRQOL with a parental short-form of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile in 3048 children at a median age of 9.74years (9.5-10.0). We also further assessed individual malocclusion traits in a subsample of 2714 children. We investigated the association between OTN, malocclusion traits, and OHRQOL using multiple regression analysis with weighted least squares. Children with definite (adjusted effect estimate=-0.81; 95% confidence interval -1.12 to -0.50) or borderline (adjusted effect estimate=-0.34; 95% confidence interval -0.61 to -0.08) OTN experienced significant decreases in their OHRQOL than those with no need. An impacted tooth, increased overjet, or crowding had significant negative impacts on children's OHRQOL. Children with an overjet experienced negative impacts on OHRQOL even when orthodontic treatment was not necessary. Progressively greater OTN has increasingly negative impacts on parent's perception of children's OHRQOL. In particular, children presenting with large overjets and impacted teeth have lower OHRQOL. These perspectives add to better patient-clinician communication and understanding of patient expectations around OTN, which may potentially lead to improvements in quality of care from the patient perspective.

Atraumatic restorative treatments improve child oral health-related quality of life: A noninferiority randomized controlled trial.

Management of dental caries under dental general anaesthesia (DGA) in young children improves their quality of life. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to test the changes in oral health-related quality of life among children treated under a DGA or managed using the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment and Hall crown approaches (ARTs). Children scheduled for a DGA for the management of dental caries after assessment at the Oral Health Centre of Western Australia were invited to participate. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Child oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL) was evaluated through the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and the child-specific Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children (CARIES-QC) at baseline and 12months after consent. The changes in child oral health-related quality of life were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon's matched-pairs rank test were used for within-group comparison and t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and test of proportions for between-group comparisons. Linear regression was used for multivariable analyses of the follow-up scores. Sixty-five parents/carers agreed to participate and were randomized (Test=32; Control=33). Mean age=4.7years, SD 1.1; 51% male. At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences in age and sex between the groups; however, the ARTs group reported higher ECOHIS scores. At follow-up, both the ARTs and DGA groups had lower ECOHIS scores (20.7 vs 12.9 and 14.4 vs 13.3, respectively) and CARIES-QC scores (12.6 vs 7.1 and 9.9 vs 8.4, respectively). The within-group differences in the ARTs group were statistically significant while the differences in the DGA group were not, P<.01 and P>.05, respectively. In a linear regression of the follow-up scores, being in the DGA group increased the follow-up scores, but it was no longer statistically significant while baseline impact scores were significantly associated with greater follow-up scores for both the ECOHIS and the CARIES-QC, P<.01. The child oral health-related quality life among children scheduled for dental general anaesthesia improved after receiving minimally invasive, atraumatic restorative treatments of dental caries.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Chinese Children With Orofacial Cleft.

To measure the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) and to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) with regard to gender, age, and cleft types in Chinese children with orofacial cleft (OFC). A total of 120 patients with OFC (8-15 years old) and their parents were investigated with COHIP in the West China Hospital of Stomatology. Items were divided into oral symptoms, functional well-being, emotional well-being, school, and peer interaction subscales, and scores on all subscales were compared between and within groups. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach α was satisfactory in children's sample (0.85) and parents' sample (0.90). The correlation between children's and parents' questionnaires was moderate to weak (Pearson r = 0.34), which was also supported by moderate intraclass correlation coefficients. The OHRQoL of children differed significantly from parents on the overall COHIP, functional well-being, emotional well-being, and school subscales. Older children had poor OHRQoL, functional well-being, and emotional well-being. Girls had poor emotional well-being. Children with cleft lip and palate and cleft palate performed worse on the overall COHIP, functional well-being, and school subscales. Parents, boys, and younger children had better treatment expectations and global health perceptions. The Chinese version of COHIP is a reliable and valid tool to assess OHRQoL in Chinese children with OFC. Parents' reports could not replace children's answers but add complementary information. Children's gender, age, and cleft types should be considered in OHRQoL assessment and individual treatment plan.

Do malocclusions affect oral health related quality of life?

Design A prospective interdisciplinary, multi-centre, cohort study.Cohort selection A total of 250 patients were recruited from three university departments of orthodontics and one orthodontic dental practice. The cohort size was decided by a sample size calculation performed and the participants were selected over 14 months. Four psychological questionnaires were used, each targeting specific psychological characteristics, combined with orthodontic assessments. Only questionnaires in English, with German translations, were chosen for international comparability. The COHIP-19 was used to assess Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), the KIDSCREEN-10 index was used to assess HRQoL, the RSES was used to assess self-esteem and the SDQ was used for behavioral problems. To record the orthodontic parameters, standardised orthodontic diagnosis consisted of detailed anamnesis, functional diagnosis, extra-oral photos, an orthopantomogram, lateral cephalomentrics and plaster impressions. The same assessor examined the questionnaires and the orthodontic measurements.Data analysis Statistical programme (SPSS) was used to assess the data. Simple linear regression models were tested to assess the predictive values of all the specific orthodontic parameters individually (= predictors) on the COHIP-G19 (= criterion). Further to this, multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess which of the independent predictors can be assessed in combination to relate to OHRQoL.Results The questionnaire was completed by 248 participants. From the simple linear regression, there was a statistically significantly impact on COHIP-G19 score in patients with competent lip closure, straight chin position, little-index-upper, overjet, overbite and ANB.For the multiple linear regression analysis, age, KIDSCREEN-10 index, RSES, SDQ and all six orthodontic parameters that had a statistically significant impact on COHIP-G19 (P <0.05) in the simple linear regression were assessed. Of these five (SDQ, KIDSCREEN-10, overjet, little-index-upper and overbite) parameters resulted in a multi-linear regression model that was statistically significant and explained 32.3% of the total variance in OHRQoL. Adding additional parameters did not significantly improve the R2-change.Conclusions Further longitudinal studies are required to investigate if the treatment of these malocclusions also improves the OHRQoL of children and adolescents.

Effect of routine dental attendance on child oral health‐related quality of life: A cohort study

There is an improvement in oral health status among people who receive preventive dental care during their lifetime, highlighting the possible effect in resolving oral health problems and consequently oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Assessed the effect of routine dental attendance on child OHRQoL. This cohort study used baseline data from 639 preschoolers from 2010. After 7 years, 449 children were re-examined (70.3%). Mothers of the children completed a questionnaire collecting data on the pattern of use of dental services. Children were classified as adhering to long-term routine dental attendance according to their pattern of use (routine versus curative) in the baseline and in follow-up. The child OHRQoL was assessed through the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10). The association between routine dental attendance and child OHRQoL was assessed using multilevel Poisson regression models. The proportion of participants who reported the worst CPQ8-10 scores were higher among those who, at some point in their life, experienced a curative dental attendance. Also, the mean CPQ8-10 was two times higher for non-routine dental attendance. The findings showed that there is an impact of long-term routine attendance on child OHRQoL. This is important for tackling oral health iniquities.

Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of Hindi Version of Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performance Index.

ABSTRACTIntroductionOral diseases may have an impact on quality of life (QoL) and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). As compared to clinical measures which are unable to provide a complete picture, OHRQoL indices quantify the oral health impact on overall health. Worldwide indices have been developed to measure the OHRQoL in children but none can be applicable in Indian context.AimThe aim of the study was cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of Hindi version of child oral impacts on daily performance (C-OIDP) index.Materials and methodsTranslation and back translation were done for index using prescribed guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation. A pilot study was conducted in 32 children and required modifications were done. The final Hindi version was tested for reliability and validity on a convenience sample of 64 children aged 11–14 years selected from public schools in Delhi. The psychometric properties of the Hindi version were tested for face, content, construct validity along with internal consistency, and test–retest reliability.ResultsThe mean age of the final sample (n = 64) was 13.02 ± 0.93 years with boys (51.6%) and girls (48.4%). The mean C-OIDP score was 8.8 ± 7.8. Significant association was obtained when C-OIDP was compared with self-perceived oral health. Interitem correlation ranged from −0.008 to 0.45. Kappa for categories of child OIDP ranged from 0.711 to 1.00 and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.91.ConclusionThe Hindi version of C-OIDP is a valid and reliable tool to measure OHRQoL in Hindi-speaking children in India.How to cite this articleChahar P, Mohanty V, Balappanavar AY, et al. Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of Hindi Version of Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performance Index. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(2):124–129.

Oral health-related quality of life among pediatric liver transplant candidates

To assess the impact of oral conditions on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of pediatric liver transplant candidates. This cross-sectional study included 60 children aged 13 to 48 months who were liver transplant candidates that attended the AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil. On the day of oral examinations, the children's mothers were invited to answer two questionnaires; one related to children's OHRQoL using the B-ECOHIS and another related to socioeconomic/demographic characteristics. Thereafter, a single, adequately trained dentist carried out children's oral examinations for gingival inflammation (Silness-Löe index), dental plaque (Green-Vermillion Simplified index), dental caries (dmft index), developmental defects of enamel (DDE index), tooth discoloration, oral mucosal/lip alterations. The data collected also included socioeconomic/demographic characteristics and liver disease. The adjusted Poisson regression model was used to associate children's socioeconomic/demographic characteristics and clinical conditions to the outcome. The adjusted regression model showed that children with untreated caries lesions (RR = 3.35, p < 0.0001) and tooth discoloration (RR = 1.74, p = 0.04) had poorer total B-ECOHIS scores. Dental discoloration and untreated caries lesions had a negative impact on the OHRQoL in pediatric liver transplant candidates.

Impact of Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding on the Parental Perceptions of Oral Health-related Quality of Life of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

The study aimed to examine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with cleft lip and palate who were treated with presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) and to compare the results to age- and gender-matched controls without cleft lip and palate. Parents of 51 children with cleft lip and palate who were treated with PNAM were administered a validated Arabic version of the short-form child oral health impact profile (COHIP-SF) and were asked to rate their experience with PNAM. The children with treated cleft lip and palate (study group) were age- and gender-matched to children with no cleft lip and palate (control group). The differences in COHIP-SF domains were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. The children in the test group had significantly higher COHIP-SF scores than in the test group (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the oral health (p = 0.532) or the oral function (0.232) domains. There were, however, significant differences in the socioemotional domain (p < 0.001). Most of the parents (86%) of children with cleft lip or palate felt that they would recommend PNAM to other parents. While there are no differences in the oral health and functional domains of OHRQoL, children with cleft lip and palate treated with PNAM have significantly lower scores in the socioemotional domain of OHRQoL when compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding does not have any negative impact on the OHRQoL of children with cleft lip and palate.

Association of gingivitis with children oral health-related quality of life in Lucknow: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction:Gingivitis is codified as the most familiar oral disease in children and teenagers. Several studies reported that most of the children and adolescents have negative impact on quality of life (QoL) due to gingivitis or destructive periodontal disease or poor oral health status. Existing literature in this context on Indian population is sparse. Hence, this study has been shouldered to find out possible coalition between gingivitis and COHRQoL.Objective:This study desires to evaluate the confederation of gingivitis and child oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL) among school children of Lucknow.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in school going children with the age group of 11–14 years, with a representative sample of 400 students in Lucknow city. For data on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), a predesigned questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was used for demographic information and questions on oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional, and social well-being. Gingival status was evaluated by Gingival index (Loe and Silness 1963).Results:QoL was found to be moderately affected in children with severe gingivitis as compared with children with no gingivitis, mild, and moderate gingivitis, but this difference was found to be statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.896).Conclusion:The present findings indicated that the existence of substantial levels of gingivitis might be fatalistically related with how children perceive their oral health and daily life.

Severe traumatic dental injuries and oral health related quality of life of preschool children

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of severe traumatic dental injuries on the Oral Health related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of preschool children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with children aged 2 to 5 years and their mothers, in Pelotas/ Brazil Southern. The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was applied to assess the perception of mothers about children’s OHRQoL. Oral examination included dental trauma, categorized as absent/mild (enamel fracture only) or severe, the number of decayed, missing or restored primary teeth (dmft), and presence of anterior open bite. The impact of severe dental trauma on OHRQoL was evaluated using logistic regression analysis (P&lt;0.05). Results: A total of 599 preschool children were included and 7.4% had severe dental trauma. Of these 73.3% showed negative impact on OHRQoL (p= 0.044). After adjustments, children with severe dental trauma had an impact in OHRQoL 110% higher than those without/with mild trauma (OR: 2.10, 95% CI 1.01-4.35). Severe dental injuries caused negative impact on the oral symptoms (OR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.10-4.14), psychological (OR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.10-4.13) and family function (OR: 2.79, 95% CI 1.17-6.61) domains. Conclusion: The presence of severe dental trauma impacts the OHRQoL of preschool children and their families.

Conceptual modelling of the factors affecting oral health-related quality of life in children: A path analysis.

It is important to understand the interaction of various predictors with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) to better design effective interventions to improve OHRQoL. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a conceptual model evaluating the factors affecting the OHRQoL in children. The study group consisted of 754 parent-child dyads. The data collection tools were a socio-demographic data form, the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (C-DAS), Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and an oral and dental health examination form. A conceptual model was developed to examine the factors affecting OHRQoL in children consisting of four endogenous and four exogenous variables. Path analysis was used to test the compatibility of the conceptual model. OHRQoL was associated with parental socio-economic status (β=-0.12; P<.001), dental anxiety (β=-0.15; P<.001), and oral health behaviours (β=-0.13; P<.001). Although parental dental anxiety had the strongest direct effect on OHRQoL, children's oral health behaviours had the strongest indirect effect. This study revealed a valid demonstrable path of association between parental socio-economic status, dental anxiety, childhood dental anxiety, oral health behaviours, and OHRQoL.