Oral Health Products Research Articles

Dental Health Adjuncts and Care: Exploring Access Among Asylum Seekers and Refugees in London, United Kingdom

Aims: This work examines and describes dental health among people seeking asylum and refugees (PSAR) who are evaluated by the Respond service. This includes access to and use of oral health products, access to dental care, and experience of dental pain. Materials and Methods: The Respond service pilot offered holistic health assessments to PSAR in temporary accommodation within North Central London between July 2021 and March 2023. Relevant data were extracted from anonymized health records of individuals seen by Respond. Data were analyzed with SPSS (version 28.0.0.0; IBM) to produce descriptive statistics and regression models. Results: An overall 1,390 PSAR were included; 78.7% were male. The mean ages of adults and children were 31.6 and 6.8 y. Seventy-seven countries of birth were reported, most commonly Iran (23.1%). Over two-thirds (67.1%) of PSAR were not accompanied by family members; only 17.2% had UK family links. The mean travel duration was 769.3 days; migration reasons were multifactorial, including persecution (31.2%) and conflict (20.5%). In addition, 77.3% of PSAR reported having access to a toothbrush; only 50.8% indicated routinely brushing their teeth, with 38.9% having seen a dentist in <36 mo. Dental pain was common (28.8%). Only 45.8% of children (<16 y) had access to a toothbrush, 32.3% were brushing their teeth twice daily, and 9.7% cited dental pain. Logistic regression identified significant predictors of routine toothbrushing, access to dental care, and dental pain. Female PSAR were more likely to routinely brush their teeth (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.19; P < 0.001) and access dental care (adjusted OR, 0.57; P < 0.05). PSAR aged 30 to 39 y (adjusted OR, 1.97; P < 0.05) and those with informal travel modes (adjusted OR, 1.82; P < 0.001) were more likely to experience pain. Conclusion: There is variation in the dental experience of PSAR, but a significant proportion are failing to perform routine toothbrushing, are not regularly accessing dental care, and are experiencing dental pain. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this analysis suggest that there is variation in the dental experience of people seeking asylum and refugees, but many are failing to perform routine toothbrushing, are not regularly accessing dental care, and are experiencing dental pain.

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chemical and herbal toothpastes on selected clinical microbial oral flora

Background: Microbes are most commonly found associated with oral diseases. Globally, researchers along with the world Health Organization (WHO) suggested that this could be due to poor oral health and encourage all individuals to practice good oral hygiene using daily oral health products. The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of toothpastes, as acclaimed by the manufacturers, to selected microbial flora involved in oral infections. Methodology: The antimicrobial activity of 6 toothpastes (3 herbal and 3 chemical) was tested against 3 clinical microbial isolates; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each toothpaste determined for each microbial isolate using the broth dilution method. Results: Colgate exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus with respective MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 125mg/ml, followed by Oral-B with MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 500mg/ml, Dabur herbal with MIC and MBC of 250mg/ml and 500mg/ml, and Longrich with MIC of 500mg/ml and MBC of 1000mg/ml. Colgate and CloseUp exhibited highest inhibitory activity against E. coli with respective MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 500mg/ml, followed by Dabur herbal with MIC of 500mg/ml but no MBC. Colgate exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against C. albicans with respective MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 500mg/ml, followed by CloseUp with MIC of 500mg/ml, Longrich with MIC of 500mg/ml and MBC of 1000mg/ml, and oral-B with MIC of 500mg/ml but no MBC. Longrich and Oral-B exhibited no MIC/MBC against E. coli while Gavia charcoal exhibited no MIC/MBC against all the 3 microbial isolates at the concentrations used in the assay.Conclusion: The results obtained showed that chemically formulated toothpastes (Colgate, CloseUp and Oral-B) had higher inhibitory activity on microbial isolates than herbal toothpastes (Longrich, Dabur herbal and Gavia charcoal). This supports the manufacturers claim for the chemical toothpastes used, however, the herbal toothpastes showed little or no inhibitory effects on the microbial flora.

Real-time monitoring of peptic and tryptic digestions of immunoglobulin G and the impact of dietary hydrocolloids on digestion

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) exhibits potent antiviral, antibacterial, and immunological activities. The digestion process and bioavailability of IgG are often a concern. Dietary hydrocolloids are crucial for regulating healthy digestion and the bioavailability of protein as functional components. Understanding the effects of dietary hydrocolloids on the digestive kinetics of IgG is requisite. Herein, the pepsin and trypsin digestion of IgG was investigated using ordered porous layer interferometry (OPLI). The real-time variation in the interference spectral shift reflected by OPLI can be converted into changes in the optical thickness (OT) to obtain a degradation kinetics curve. The impact of dietary hydrocolloids, including alginic acid sodium salt (ALG), polydextrose (PD), and konjac glucomannan (KG), on IgG degradation was evaluated using OPLI. The results demonstrated that ALG significantly inhibited the degradation of IgG by pepsin under acidic conditions, whereas the addition of PD increased the Michaelis–Menten constant for IgG degradation by trypsin. Notably, this dependence is not based on the hydrocolloid viscosity, but relies more on the electrical properties. The study enhances our understanding of how hydrocolloids affect IgG digestion and could provide valuable insights into preserving IgG activity and facilitating the development of oral drugs or health products related to IgG.

Anticaries and Antigingivitis Properties of Cannabinoid-Containing Oral Health Products: A Review.

To evaluate the anticaries and antigingivitis properties of cannabinoid-containing oral health products. A systematic research strategy was employed. Specific search terms were used, including "Cannabinoids AND dental caries," "Cannabinoids AND oral health," "Cannabinoids AND dental plaque," "Cannabinoids AND gingivitis AND periodontitis," "Cannabinoids AND S. mutans," "Cannabidiol AND oral health," and "Cannabidiol AND oral biofilm." The search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO Host databases. The search yielded a total of 73 articles, out of which 15 articles (20.5%) were relevant to the scope of this systematic review. Among the relevant articles, only eight (10.9%) directly addressed the research question. The findings from these articles suggest that cannabinoids have the potential to reduce the metabolism of cariogenic bacteria, specifically Streptococcus mutans, and decrease the number of bacterial colonies in dental plaque. In vitro studies also demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect of cannabinoids on oral biofilms and create a considerable inhibitory zone of growth when investigated on oral biofilms in vitro. Furthermore, CBD exhibited antibacterial properties against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a primary pathogen associated with periodontal disease. The current review shows insufficient data to conclude on the anticaries and antigingivitis effects of cannabinoids. Despite extensive research on their systemic therapeutic benefits, their oral health impact remains underexplored, lacking clinical trials and primary research.

A study on oral health and quality of life in patients with hypertension

Objectives: This study investigated the oral health and quality of life of patients with hypertension using the raw data of the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the second year (2020) and 1,269 subjects were analyzed. Methods: The data underwent frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, general linear model analysis, and linear regression analysis using SPSS Statistics 26.0. Results: The quality of life (EuroQol-5 dimension: EQ-5D) of patients with hypertension was surveyed at 0.92 points/1 point. Quality of life according to general characteristics showed significant differences in gender (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), household income (p<0.001), and education level (p<0.001). Quality of life according to oral health showed significant differences in chewing discomfort (p<0.001), speaking discomfort (p<0.001), oral examination (p=0.004), toothache experience (p=0.020), subjective oral health (p<0.001) and oral care product use (p=0.006). Factors affecting quality of life were gender, age, household income, education level, chewing discomfort (B=-0.027, p=0.018), speaking discomfort (B=-0.049, p=0.026), toothache experience (B=-0.018, p=0.027) and subjective oral health (B=0.022, p<0.001). Conclusions: Based on the above results, it was confirmed that the oral health of patients with hypertension is a factor influencing the quality of life; thus, it is considered that it will be used as basic data for research on measures to improve oral health and quality of life.

Evaluation of Children’s Use of Oral Health Products, Familiarity of Parents With These Products, and Their Availability

Background: In addition to mechanical methods, mouthwash, toothpaste, and fluoride gels are high-performance methods that can play an important role in reducing plaque and preventing caries in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the availability and use of oral health products related to children, and the familiarity of parents with methods to prevent decay. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a checklist containing questions about the familiarity of parents with and the use of products related to children’s oral health was prepared and then completed by 325 parents of children aged 6 to 9 years who referred to the pediatric department dental clinics of the School of Dentistry. A dental student obtained information about the availability of products from pharmacies using a checklist. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression tests using SPSS 26 software. Results: This study showed that parents were relatively familiar with some health products such as dental floss and children’s toothpaste and mouthwash, but the information of parents was not enough on products such as casein phosphate, xylitol, and fluoride gel. About 40% of the pharmacies did not have finger toothbrushes or children’s toothbrush brands. One third of pharmacies did not have children’s mouthwash. No pharmacy had fluoride gel. Conclusion: This study showed that parents’ familiarity with children’s oral health products was low. Action should be taken to increase the awareness of parents. The reason for the lack of products in pharmacies should also be investigated and the existing obstacles to access them should be alleviated.

THE EFFECTS OF SOAKING EXTRACTS OF STEMS Musa Acuminate AND LEAVES Ocimum Basilicum L. ON FLUORIDE RELEASE OF WATER SETTABLE GIC

Background: Mouthwash is a dental and oral health product that is easy to obtain and practical to use. Mouthwash is able to kill bacteria causing dental and oral health problems. Mauli banana stems and Basil leaves can be used as an alternative to natural mouthwash because they contain bioactive compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, lycopene, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and tannins. Objective: To analyze the effect of a mixture of extracts of Mauli banana (Musa acuminate var. sapientum) stems and Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) at concentrations of 75% and 100% on fluoride ion release in the Water Settable GIC. Methods: Pure experimental design with post-test only with control group design. The number of samples consisted of 21 samples, which were divided into 3 treatment groups, and then the value of fluoride ion release was measured after 22 hours. Results: One Way Anova test showed a significant difference with p <0.05 among the treatment groups. The results of the Post Hoc Bonferroni test obtained a p-value of <0.05, which means that there was a significant difference between the control group compared to the extracts of Mauli banana stems and Basil leaves at concentrations of 75% and 100%. Conclusion: There was an effect of the mixture of the extracts of Mauli banana (Musa acuminate var. sapientum) stems and Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) at concentrations of 75%, 100%, and artificial saliva on fluoride ion release in the Water Settable GIC. Keywords: Basil Leaves, Fluoride Ion, Mauli Banana Stems, Water Settable.

Nanoceria Aggregate Formulation Promotes Buffer Stability, Cell Clustering, and Reduction of Adherent Biofilm in Streptococcus mutans.

Streptococcus mutans is one of the key etiological factors in tooth-borne biofilm development that leads to dental caries in the presence of fermentable sugars. We previously reported on the ability of acid-stabilized nanoceria (CeO2-NP) produced by the hydrolysis of ceric salts to limit biofilm adherence of S. mutans via non-bactericidal mechanism(s). Herein, we report a chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) formulation (CeO2-NP-CSA) comprising nanoceria aggregates that promotes resistance to bulk precipitation under a range of conditions with retention of the biofilm-inhibiting activity, allowing for a more thorough mechanistic study of its bioactivity. The principal mechanism of reduced in vitro biofilm adherence of S. mutans by CeO2-NP-CSA is the production of nonadherent cell clusters. Additionally, dose-dependent in vitro human cell toxicity studies demonstrated no additional toxicity beyond that of equimolar doses of sodium fluoride, currently utilized in many oral health products. This study represents a unique approach and use of a nanoceria aggregate formulation with implications for promoting oral health and dental caries prevention as an adjunctive treatment.

Accessibility to dental services by immigrant and refugee children residing in Turkey.

Turkey is hosting the world's largest immigrant population under temporary and international protection. Due to the social inequalities contributing to early childhood dental caries, the effectiveness of dental care service for immigrant children should be evaluated. To evaluate the accessibility of immigrant and refugee children residing in four different regions of Turkey to oral health products and dental treatment services. A questionnaire consisting of 21 questions was administered: The first six questions elicited demographic data, and the remaining 15 questions asked about oral health habits, access to oral hygiene materials, and dental treatment services. Participants included the parents of 430 children under the age of 18, who were registered with migrant associations in the regions where they lived (Istanbul, Samsun, Hatay, or Ankara). The majority of the participants were from Syria and Iraq. Of the participants, 42.1% reported that their children's oral hygiene habits had changed negatively after they migrated, 71.9% reported that they had not been to the dentist in the last year, and 82.8% reported that they had not been to the dentist for more than 12 months. Access to oral and dental hygiene products was not difficult for 68.4%. About 62.6%, however, reported that they had difficulty accessing dental treatment. The findings showed that this disadvantaged group had difficulty accessing dental treatment. Therefore, there is a need for national and international health strategies to ensure that immigrant and refugee children have effective access to dental treatment.

Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing Sustainability in Oral Health Care

ObjectiveThe aim of this research was to study the facilitators and barriers to implementation of sustainable oral health care in Dutch dental practices using a qualitative research design. MethodsA conceptual framework was developed and based on 2 theories for implementation in dental practices. The framework covered 4 levels: structural, dental practice, oral health care practitioner, and method and product level. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect guided and in-depth data. Fourteen key stakeholders were interviewed: dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, managers and owners of dental practices, and suppliers of dental goods. Data were analysed using both a thematic analysis approach and open coding. ResultsParticipants were aware of the compromised planetary health and, in part, of their contribution to it. However, turning this awareness into action proved to be challenging. Barriers that were identified included limited knowledge and awareness of the largest sources of planetary burden in oral health care. Also, information and availability of sustainable products and methods cannot yet meet the requirements of current performance standards, costs, and infection control guidelines. Facilitators that were observed included a growing awareness to contribute to planetary health and to implement sustainability outside oral health care, especially in women and younger people. Overviews and guides of existing sustainable methods are available, but additional methods and products should be developed as well. ConclusionsMany participants considered infection control guidelines as the most prominent barrier to sustainable oral health care. Women felt more involved with planetary health compared to men, which is in line with the concept of ecofeminism. It is essential for stakeholders to collaborate to reach the next levels of implementation. Action is required on all levels to secure both oral and planetary health. Now is the time to act.

The changes and potential effects of zinc homeostasis in periodontitis microenvironment.

Zinc is a very important and ubiquitous element, which is present in oral environment, daily diet, oral health products, dental restorative materials, and so on. However, there is a lack of attention to the role of both extracellular or intracellular zinc in the progression of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the characteristics of immunological microenvironment and host cells function in several key stages of periodontitis progression, and explores the regulatory effect of zinc during this process. We find multiple evidence indicate that zinc may be involved and play a key role in the stages of immune defense, inflammatory response and bone remodeling. Zinc supplementation in an appropriate dose range or regulation of zinc transport proteins can promote periodontal regeneration by either enhancing immune defense or up-regulating local cells proliferation and differentiation functions. Therefore, zinc homeostasis is essential in periodontal remodeling and regeneration. More attention is suggested to be focused on zinc homeostasis regulation and consider it as a potential strategy in the studies on periodontitis treatment, periodontal-guided tissue regeneration, implant material transformation, and so on.

Shopping smart: Look for the Seal

Shopping for oral health care products can be overwhelming. There are hundreds of products to help with your daily oral health care, like toothpaste, toothbrushes, and products to help you clean between your teeth. You also can choose from a number of mouthrinses, denture products, water filters, and many more. How can you select products that are safe and effective? Look for the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance (Seal) (Figure). The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is overseen by the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs and for 90 years has identified oral health care products that are safe and effective. Manufacturers that choose to participate in the program submit scientific evidence to the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs to prove that their products meet various ADA Seal requirements. A product submission must include data from clinical or laboratory studies that demonstrate safety and efficacy. In addition, manufacturers must provide scientific proof to support certain product benefits, such as fighting cavities. For example, if a toothpaste is advertised as helping prevent cavities, the manufacturer must present data supporting that claim. The ADA Seal is awarded for a 5-year period. If the manufacturer changes the composition of an accepted product during that time, the company must submit updated chemical and safety data before it can continue to carry the ADA Seal. There are more than 400 products with the ADA Seal in more than 20 categories, such as toothpastes, toothbrushes, and mouthrinses. No matter what you are shopping for, the ADA Seal can point you in the right direction. For a full list of ADA Seal products, visit MouthHealthy.org/Seal or look for the ADA Seal wherever dental health items are sold. You have a number of products to choose from when shopping for oral health care items. To help in making a decision, look for the ADA Seal. It is a sign that the product is safe and effective when used as directed and meets the performance claims made on the product’s label.

Implementing policies and programmes to reduce the impact of globalisation on oral health in Pacific Island Countries and Territories

Very little research focuses explicitly on oral health in Pacific Islands countries and territories (PICT). However, oral health will continue to be a concern if policies, programmes, and strategies are not implemented to reduce poor oral health and inequitable outcomes that will affect many Pacific communities. A review of available studies written between 1969 and 2018 shows that dental caries and periodontal diseases were identified as the most significant oral health issue in PICT. The globalisation of imported food products that are high in sugary content has further exacerbated the increase in DMFT (decayed, missing or filled teeth). With the introduction of tobacco, there have also been many oral health issues with oral cancer, periodontal disease, and periodontitis. There is a need for a sugar tax policy, food policy changes, tobacco policy and the removal tax of oral health products in PICT. In addition, most oral health services are provided in the hospitals and often work within their own departments whereas they might be better working closely with other departments such as the public health team or the education sector so, therefore, there needs to be a coordinated collaboration approach with other services that can promote good oral health policies and health promotion activities.

Evaluation and Acceptance of an Electric Toothbrush Designed for Dependent Patients.

Introduction: A key barrier to standardizing evidence-based oral health protocols for highly dependent patients is the lack of validated and accepted oral health products designed specifically for use by caregivers. This study compared preferences by users of a novel electric toothbrush and a manual toothbrush in a health care setting.Methods: We prospectively enrolled health care providers as volunteers. Volunteer brushers completed simulated tooth brushing sessions of mock-intubated and non-intubated volunteer brushees with both toothbrushes. Volunteers rated different domains of toothbrush preference in an anonymous, optional survey.Results: A total of 133 health care providers volunteered (123 brushers [providers brushing teeth] and 10 brushees [those having their teeth brushed]). The novel electric toothbrush received significantly higher positive ratings than the standard hospital-issue manual toothbrush in all domains that we surveyed: ease of use, thoroughness, safety, shape and size of the brush head, overall cleanliness, time requirements, and efficiency (p<0.001). Importantly, due to the integrated light and suction of this electric toothbrush, brushers completed more sessions without setting down the toothbrush with the electric toothbrush than with the manual toothbrush (75.4% vs 36.4%; p<0.001).Conclusions: Integrating a lighted electric brush with suction into the caregiver’s armamentarium as an evidence-based tool is warranted and should be evaluated in terms of patient outcomes.

Recommendations for delivering oral health advice: a qualitative supplementary analysis of dental teams, parents\u2019 and children\u2019s experiences

BackgroundTooth decay has a significant impact on children, their families and wider society. The dental consultation provides an opportunity to prevent tooth decay by engaging in an effective oral health conversation with parents and children. However, there is limited literature which explores how these oral health conversations are delivered, received, and understood.AimTo explore the common facilitators of delivering oral health advice from dental teams, parents' and children's experiences, to identify and inform practical recommendations for clinical practice.MethodThe current paper used a qualitative supplementary analysis to reanalyse data of existing published studies by applying a different research question. Qualitative focus groups were undertaken following a semi-structured interview guide with 27 dental team members (dentists, dental nurses, practice managers and receptionists), 37 parents and 120 children (aged 7–10 years old) in the northern region of England. Thematic analysis informed the identification of themes and aggregation of findings.ResultsThree overarching themes were developed: (1) An engaging and personalised dental visit for parents and children; (2) Dental teams, parents and children working collaboratively to improve oral health habits; and (3) Recommending appropriate oral health products. Many parents and children had little recollection of any preventive oral health conversations when visiting the dentist. Practical solutions were identified by different stakeholders to facilitate three-way, personalised, non-judgemental and supportive oral health conversations. Adopting these innovative approaches will help to enable parents and their children to adopt and maintain appropriate oral health behaviours.ConclusionUnderstanding the context and triangulating the experiences of stakeholders involved in preventive oral health conversations for young children is an essential step in co-designing a complex oral health intervention. This study has provided recommendations for dental practices and wider paediatric health care services. Furthermore, the findings have informed the design of a complex oral health intervention called "Strong Teeth".

Intelligent Brushing Monitoring Using a Smart Toothbrush with Recurrent Probabilistic Neural Network.

Smart toothbrushes equipped with inertial sensors are emerging as high-tech oral health products in personalized health care. The real-time signal processing of nine-axis inertial sensing and toothbrush posture recognition requires high computational resources. This paper proposes a recurrent probabilistic neural network (RPNN) for toothbrush posture recognition that demonstrates the advantages of low computational resources as a requirement, along with high recognition accuracy and efficiency. The RPNN model is trained for toothbrush posture recognition and brushing position and then monitors the correctness and integrity of the Bass Brushing Technique. Compared to conventional deep learning models, the recognition accuracy of RPNN is 99.08% in our experiments, which is 16.2% higher than that of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and 21.21% higher than the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. The model we used can greatly reduce the computing power of hardware devices, and thus, our system can be used directly on smartphones.

Effects of Phytosterol Butyrate Ester on the Characteristics of Soybean Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes.

The nutritional and structural properties of phytosterols (PS)/phytosterol esters (PEs) facilitate their use as substitutes for cholesterol in liposome encapsulation systems designed for oral drugs and health products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of phytosterol butyrate ester (PBE) on the properties of liposomes. PBE was encapsulated within liposomes (approximately 60 nm) prepared using soybean phosphatidylcholine using the thin-film hydration method. There was no significant change in the average particle diameter and zeta potential of these liposomal vesicles corresponding to the increasing amounts of encapsulated PBE. The incorporation of PBE increased the polydispersity index (PDI) independent of concentration. Additionally, we observed that the storage stability of PBE liposomes with uniform particle size and approximately spherical shape vesicle was better at low concentration. The results of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that PBE was positioned at the water interface, which increased the order of hydrophobic alkyl chains in the lipid membranes. The incorporation of PBE led to an increase in the trans conformation of hydrophobic alkyl chain and consequently, the thermal stability of liposomes, which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that PBE was present in an amorphous form in the liposomes. Additionally, the incorporation of PBE reduced the micropolarity of the lipid membrane. Thus, when preparing liposomes using thin-film hydration, the presence of PBE affected the characteristics of liposomes.

Candida albicans as an Essential "Keystone" Component within Polymicrobial Oral Biofilm Models?

Background: Existing standardized biofilm assays focus on simple mono-species or bacterial-only models. Incorporating Candida albicans into complex biofilm models can offer a more appropriate and relevant polymicrobial biofilm for the development of oral health products. Aims: This study aimed to assess the importance of interkingdom interactions in polymicrobial oral biofilm systems with or without C. albicans, and test how these models respond to oral therapeutic challenges in vitro. Materials and Methods: Polymicrobial biofilms (two models containing 5 and 10 bacterial species, respectively) were created in parallel in the presence and absence of C. albicans and challenged using clinically relevant antimicrobials. The metabolic profiles and biomasses of these complex biofilms were estimated using resazurin dye and crystal violet stain, respectively. Quantitative PCR was utilized to assess compositional changes in microbial load. Additional assays, for measurements of pH and lactate, were included to monitor fluctuations in virulence “biomarkers.” Results: An increased level of metabolic activity and biomass in the presence of C. albicans was observed. Bacterial load was increased by more than a factor of 10 in the presence of C. albicans. Assays showed inclusion of C. albicans impacted the biofilm virulence profiles. C. albicans did not affect the biofilms’ responses to the short-term incubations with different treatments. Conclusions: The interkingdom biofilms described herein are structurally robust and exhibit all the hallmarks of a reproducible model. To our knowledge, these data are the first to test the hypothesis that yeasts may act as potential “keystone” components of oral biofilms.

Evaluation of optical parameters of Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit (Iranian cranberry) as a substitute for Cornus mas with emphasis on chemical properties in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases

Background: The growing interest of health products based on fruits and herbs has led manufacturers of oral health products to focus on fruits and plant products, which can be replaced by conventional chemical products to improve treatment methods and pay attention to the category of preventive dentistry. Materials and Methods: In this study, the optical properties of cranberry and Cornus mas tea with Avantes broadband light source in the range of 300-1100 nm were investigated. The quasi-optical light spectroscopy test method includes 4cc of two cranberry and Cornus mas tea, which were prepared from about 1.7 g of dried fruit of these two fruits in 40 ml of 60oC water for 15 minutes. A review of 36 articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Google has been conducted by Usage Research from 1994 to 2020 to introduce the use of this fruit in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Results: Cranberry and Cornus mas tea, both have a maximum peak spectrum around 759.8 nm and a minimum transmission spectrum around 439 nm. There is an acceptable agreement between the results of the transmission spectrum (in the range of 300-1100 nm) and the absorption spectrum (in the range of 400-750 nm). Cranberries, like Cornus mas, are chemically rich sources of antioxidants and anthocyanins. Conclusion: Spectroscopic studies in terms of optical interpolation features showed that the two fruits were not significantly different. Studies of chemical properties also suggest that polyphenols with anticariogenic properties and anthocyanins by inhibiting interleukins, reduce the use of antibiotics to prevent and treat periodontal disease, prevent bacterial resistance in they oppose dental treatments using antibiotics. Therefore, there is no significant difference between these two fruits in terms of photochemical properties, which shows that these two fruits can be a good alternative for each other in terms of health and treatment in oral use.

Promotion or education: a content analysis of industry-authored oral health educational materials targeted at acute care nurses

ObjectivesTo assess the nature, quality and independence of scientific evidence provided in support of claims in industry-authored educational materials in oral health.DesignA content analysis of educational materials authored by the...