Oral Health Of Pregnant Women Research Articles

Longitudinal study into the determining factors of dental caries in children aged 4: socio-behavioral aspects and oral health of pregnant women

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the influence of oral health conditions and socio-behavioral characteristics of pregnant women on the development of caries and their children's experiences, after 4 years of follow-up. Methods: It was conducted a longitudinal study of mother/child pairs by interview and oral clinical examination during pregnancy. Regular observations were made until the child had reached four years of age, at which time we performed a clinical examination of the children (n=73). The variables studied were: presence of caries in pregnancy (DMFT) and the child (deft), visit to the dentist, oral hygiene habits, diet, socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and were related to two study outcomes: presence of caries during the examination and experience of caries (deft≥1) in children of 4 years of age. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted with the variables (p<0.05 and 95% CI). Results: The average DMFT index of mothers during pregnancy was 12.09 (±2.88) and average deft index of children at 4 years was 1.79 (± 6.1). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the presence of caries in children was associated with the presence of harmful habits (p=0.04). Caries in the child was statistically associated with brush sharing among family members (p=0.02). Conclusion: The results suggest that behavioral aspects are related to the presence and experience of caries in childhood.

The Nursing Care with the Oral Health of Pregnant Women: A Qualitative Study

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of nurses on the oral health of pregnant women. Material and Methods: This was a qualitative study, whose data collection was performed with 12 nurses from Belem, Brazil, through questionnaire, with recorded interview applied by a single researcher, according to a semi-structured script composed of five guiding questions, and whose results were analyzed by Content Analysis. Results: Four thematic issues were originated: 1) All have dental caries, referring to the nurse’s perception on oral health related to the biological aspect; 2) We refer, addresses the issue of nursing care and the nurse's responsibility for prenatal care; 3) I do not know much, reveals the nurse's sometimes limited knowledge about oral health and discusses the breadth of dental care; and 4) The demand is very large, brings up the view of nurses regarding the difficulties of accessing dental service in SUS. Conclusion: Nurses know prenatal protocols and refer patients to dental care, but their perception about dental care during pregnancy is not very comprehensive, which instigates the strengthening of interdisciplinary work.

The Effect of Health Education Program Based on Health Belief Model on Oral Health Behaviors in Pregnant Women of Fasa City, Fars Province, South of Iran.

Aims and Objectives:Pregnant women are at risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of health education program based on health belief model (HBM) on oral and dental hygiene behaviors in pregnant women in Fasa city.Materials and Methods:This is a clinical trial study carried out on 110 pregnant women selected using random sampling method from health centers in Fasa city in 2016 (55 patients in the experimental group and 55 individuals in control group). Data collection with questionnaire was based on construct HBM, as well as their performance about oral health. At first, two groups completed the questionnaires. And then, the intervention was conducted for the experimental group based on HBM. Four months after intervention, two groups completed the questionnaires twice. To analyze the collected data, the researchers used SPSS version 22 and descriptive and analytical statistics tests such as independent t-test and Chi-square and Mann–Whitney test.Results:The age of the pregnant mothers was 28.25 ± 3.02 years in the experimental group and 27.8 ± 4.20 years in the control group. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed a significant increase in their knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, and performance and decrease in perceived barriers 4 months after the intervention.Conclusion:Applying the HBM is very effective for developing an educational program for oral health in pregnant women. Moreover, in the implementation of these programs, control, monitoring, and follow-up educational are recommended.

Measuring oral health during pregnancy: sensitivity and specificity of a maternal oral screening (MOS) tool.

BackgroundMidwives can play a key role in promoting the oral health of pregnant women and assessing their oral health status. A maternal oral assessment tool (MOS) was developed and pilot tested by the study investigators to assist midwives in this role and the results were promising. The aim of this study was to undertake further sensitivity and specificity assessment of the MOS tool using two-comparison approaches- the longer oral health screening tool known as the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and an oral assessment by trained study dentists.MethodsPregnant women were recruited for this study as part of a larger randomised controlled trial of a Midwifery Initiated Oral Health (MIOH) program. Pregnant women completed the MOS and OHIP-14 as part of their initial assessment undertaken by 38 trained and accredited midwives. A dental assessment was conducted for all women in the intervention group using three trained study dentists with high inter rater reliability.ResultsTwo hundred and eleven pregnant women participated in the validation of the MOS tool. Results from both approaches found the MOS tool to have high sensitivity, correctly identifying 88–94 % of women at risk of poor dental health, and low specificity (14–21 %).ConclusionsThis study has shown that the MOS tool can be successfully implemented by midwives during a woman’s first antenatal visit and can identify up to 94 % of women at risk of poor oral health and needing a dental referral. The tool has the potential to be transferable to other antenatal care providers and could be incorporated into hospital obstetric database systems.Trial registration number ACTRN12612001271897, 6th Dec 2012, retrospectively registered.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1140-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

İzmir’de yürütülen “Gebelerin ağız-diş sağlığının geliştirilmesi ve çürüksüz çocuklar programı”nın ara değerlendirmesi: Annelerin bilgi düzeylerindeki değişim

Amac: “Gebelerin Agiz-Dis Sagliginin Gelistirilmesi ve Curuksuz Cocuklar Programi”nin ilk asamasinin annelerin bilgi duzeylerindeki degisim araciligiyla degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Yontem: Bu egitim mudahalesi calismasi Izmir-Bornova Belediyesi’nin Mevlana, Naldoken, Altindag semtlerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Bu semtlerde yasayan ve 2013 Nisan-Haziran aylarinda gebe olan kadinlarin (n=289) %85.8’i (n=248) ilk asamaya katilmistir. 2014 yili Subat-Mart aylarindaki ikinci asamaya %69.4’luk (172) katilim saglanabilmistir. Her iki asamada da once annelerin agiz-dis sagligi bilgileri 12 onerme araciligiyla olculmus, disleri muayene edilmis, dis fircalama teknigi ogretilmis, grup egitimi verilmistir. Her bir onermenin birinci ve ikinci asamada aldigi skorlarin ortalamalari bagimli orneklerde isaretli sira testi araciligiyla karsilastirilmistir. Bulgular: Yas ortalamasi 27.1±5.07 olan annelerin %20.3’unun egitimi ilkokulun altindadir, %26.2’sinin anadili Turkce degildir, %26.2’sinin sosyal, %11.6’sinin saglik guvencesi yoktur. Gebelerin dislerinin kalsiyum kaybi nedeniyle curudugu seklindeki yanlis onermenin skoru 3.90±0.89 iken, ikinci asamada ancak 3.56±1.31’ya dusebilmistir. Gebelikte diseti hastaligi ve sonuclariyla ilgili dogru onermelerin skorlari artmis, curuge yol acan davranislarla ilgili yanlis onermelerin skorlari azalmis, yeterlilik inancinda anlamli artis olmustur. “Dislerimin saglikli olmasi icin yapilmasi gerekenleri yerine getiriyorum” onermesinin skoru istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir artis gostermemistir. Sonuc: Program annelerin bilgi duzeylerini artirmis, ancak yanlis inanislar ve davranis degisimi acisindan yeterli sonuca ulasilamamistir. Sosyokulturel gelismeyle birlikte olmayan, sadece egitime dayali mudahaleler agiz-dis sagliginda sinirli bir degisim yaratabilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gebelik, agiz-dis sagligi, saglik egitimi, dis curugu

Pregnant women's oral health: knowledge, practices and their relationship with periodontal disease

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate pregnant women's knowledge and perception of oral practices as well as their relationship with periodontal disease. Methods The project was developed in 27 units of the Family Health Strategy in the city of Picos, State of Piauí, Brazil, whose service prioritized providing the first dental appointment for pregnant women. A questionnaire was applied to 302 pregnant women, and a calibrated examiner (Kappa=0.96) performed the intraoral exam (CPI). Results the disease was present in 90.7% of them, although 96.4% had been to the dentist once, the majority have not seen a dentist during pregnancy, either because they feared the treatment would harm the baby, or lack of perceiving the need for doing so. Among those that had seen a dentist, did so because of pain or due to routine dental appointments. (19.9%). The belief that pregnancy could cause oral problems was mentioned by 39.7%, however, the majority (98.3%) stated they had received no guidance in this period, a fact which was shown to be associated with periodontal disease (p=0.0003). Conclusion It was concluded that there had been disease prevalence in the group, becoming persistent throughout pregnancy and also that the women presented many oral health care doubts during their gestational period.

A 22year comparison survey of dental knowledge in Al-Jubail antenatal clinic population.

ObjectiveTo analyze and compare dental knowledge between two generations of pregnant women attending the same antenatal clinic in Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross sectional self administered questionnaire was conducted among 252 pregnant women in three different antenatal clinics. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v. 21), p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMost surveyed women were knowledgeable about dental health issues, although a large percentage did not visit dental clinics regularly during pregnancy. Results showed a decline in dental knowledge, compared with data collected 22 years ago. Pregnant women participating in the current survey had more dental problems and underwent more dental procedures than did those participating in the previous survey.ConclusionsResults of this study show a decline in dental knowledge and oral health in pregnant women of the current generation, compared with those of the previous generation. Antenatal clinics should educate pregnant women more about the relationship between good oral and fetal health.

Effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on adoption of oral health behaviors of pregnant women referred to health centers of Birjand in 2016.

Objective:Oral health of pregnant women is very important because of the adverse effects of pregnancy on the oral hard and soft tissues and vice versa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of education on oral health behaviors of pregnant women based on the theory of planned behavior in Birjand.Materials and Methods:This quasi-experimental study was carried out among 150 pregnant women admitted to health centers, who were selected using simple sampling (75 females in each case and control group). Educational program through face-to-face training was performed in the case group, and the control group received only usual training through leaflet distribution. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18 software at 0.05 significance level.Results:The most frequent age group was 26–30 years. Before the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and performance of the intervention and control groups showed no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05). After the intervention, the average of all scores in the intervention group showed significant increase compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusion:Face-to-face training using the theory of planned behavior has positive impact on oral health behaviors of pregnant women. Accordingly, training sessions in order to raising awareness and positive attitude and controlling healthcare behaviors can improve oral health behaviors of pregnant women.

Validity of Self-Reported Periodontal Disease Questionnaire among Pregnant Women.

As part of the Kumamoto RAINBOW Project, a multifaceted implementation of the prevention of premature labor, we investigated pregnant women's oral health status and assessed the validity of a self-reported periodontal disease questionnaire. We examined the oral health status of pregnant women and asked them for subjective descriptions of symptoms of periodontitis both in the first and the second half of their pregnancy in Kumamoto Prefecture from August 2012 to January 2014. The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was used to assess the periodontal condition, and women having periodontal pockets with depths of ≥4 mm were catecogorized as having periodontitis. The results were the scores of the self-questionnaire for periodontal disease prepared by the Japan Dental Association. Of the 9,527 pregnant women who received periodontal check- ups during the first half of pregnancy, 32 percent were diagnosed as having periodontitis. The self-questionnaire had a sensitivity of 51.2% and a specificity of 62.9% for pregnant women to predict their periodontal disease. Then, we evaluated the importance of each question by logistic regression analysis and extracted the useful items. An increased sensitivity (79.9%) was obtained with the best of the modified questionnaire. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the evaluation of the usefulness of the self-reported periodontal disease questionnaire for pregnant women. The current self-questonnaire used for the general adult population was less sensitive for pregnant women. Our modified questionnaire showed an improved sensitivity for diagnosing periodontitis, but its specificity remained low. A specialized self-questionnaire for periodontal disease in pregnant women should be designed.

Midwives' perspectives of their ability to promote the oral health of pregnant women in Victoria, Australia.

BackgroundMidwives have a potential role in promoting the oral health of pregnant women although they have little formal training in this area. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of midwives in Victoria towards incorporating oral health promotion into their antenatal practice after undergoing training through the Midwifery Initiated Oral Health (MIOH) online education program.MethodsA purposive sample of thirty-nine midwives from maternity services across Victoria, Australia were invited to participate in an online MIOH education program in October 2012. The program included three self-paced modules covering oral health screening, referral processes, and theoretical and practical skill assessments. A mixed methods design was used to capture midwives perspectives. Evaluation questionnaires, completed pre- and post-training, captured knowledge and confidence (confidence likert scale), and also included five opened-ended questions post-training. Open-ended questions, feedback forms and unsolicited emails formed the data for qualitative analysis. Data were analysed using content and thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.ResultsThirty-three midwives completed the MIOH education program and demonstrated a significant increase (51.5%) in their confidence to promote oral health. All participants viewed the program as suitable, acceptable and useful for their practice and were happy to recommend the course to other Victorian midwives. Participants indicated that it would be feasible to incorporate oral health into the first antenatal booking visit and recognised that oral health promotion was within their scope of practice.ConclusionsThis study has shown that the MIOH education program is a valued resource that can assist midwives to increase their confidence and skills to incorporate oral health promotion into their practice. A key barrier identified was time constraints during antenatal care booking visits. However, it is evident that with relevant training it would be feasible and acceptable for Victorian midwives to incorporate oral health promotion within their practice. The current engagement with midwives in Victoria and other parts of Australia provides an opportunity to continue to explore and define the role of antenatal health care professionals in oral health promotion at a state and national level.

Dental awareness and oral health of pregnant women in Poland.

The level of dental awareness of a pregnant woman affects the sanitary condition of her own teeth and the health of the child to be born. Poor oral health is considered to be a probable risk factor for the pre-term birth or low birth weight. The aim of this work was to assess the level of oral health knowledge that determines oral health condition of pregnant women in Poland. Empirical data were obtained from the National Monitoring of Oral Health and Its Determinants, financed by the Ministry of Health. This socio-epidemiological study assessed oral health status and dental health awareness, which affects that status. Study subjects included 1380 pregnant women at the age ranging from 15 to 44, randomly-selected from urban and rural environments. Dental health status was recorded in the clinical examination sheets supplied by the World Health Organization, and the socio-medical data were recorded in the questionnaire interview sheets. Almost 3/4 of the pregnant women evaluated their dental health as unsatisfactory or poor. Over 60% of the pregnant women rated their knowledge and practical skills concerning care of their own teeth and of the child to be born as limited, inadequate or none. Only 40% of the pregnant women provided right answers to the questions about dental issues. Low oral health awareness results in poor oral health status of the study subjects. A statistical pregnant woman has a total of 13 teeth showing the symptoms of tooth decay or caries. Over 70% of the pregnant women developed gingivitis or periodontitis. There is an urgent need in Poland to make the European principle of treating pregnant women as a dentally vulnerable group obligatory.

Oral health status of pregnant women in Kumamoto Prefecture

As part of Kumamoto RAINBOW Project, which is a multifaceted implementation for the prevention of premature labor, we investigated pregnant women's oral health status and assessed the effects of dental care and oral hygiene instruction. We examined the oral health status of pregnant women both in the first and the second half of pregnancy in Kumamoto Prefecture from 2012 to 2014. The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was used to assess the periodontal condition, and women having periodontal pockets with a depth ≥4 mm were defined as suffering from periodontitis. This project covered the cost of dental checkups. Of the 20,702 pregnant women enrolled in this project, 9,527 (46.0%) received dental checkups during the first half of pregnancy. The response rate of dental examinations in Kumamoto City (63.3%), the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture, was significantly higher than that of the other local areas (32.0%). In Kumamoto City, 4,890 women (83.4%) had dental examinations at the city office when they received a maternal handbook. Three thousand forty-five women (32.0%) had periodontitis. Among 1,605 women who received oral examinations twice at dental clinics, 698 received nonsurgical interventions. Dental interventions significantly decreased the prevalence of periodontitis in pregnant women (55.1% to 45.1%). Dental examinations without interventions also significantly decreased the prevalence of periodontitis (44.6% to 39.9%). Pregnant women living in Kumamoto City had higher rate of visits to dental clinics for checkups than those in other areas. Periodontitis was found in one-third of pregnant women. Not only dental interventions, but also dental examinations improve pregnant women's oral health status.

Nivel de conocimiento en prevención de salud bucal en gestantes que se atienden en dos hospitales nacionales peruanos

El propósito del estudio fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre prevención en salud bucal en gestantes que acuden al servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue y San José – 2011. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en 249 gestantes que acudieron al servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue y 158 pacientes que acudieron al Hospital San José (2011). Se aplicó un cuestionario para medir el nivel de conocimiento sobre medidas preventivas de salud bucal, enfermedades bucales y relación entre atención odontológica y gestación. El 84 % no reporta atención odontológica. Solo el 14 % tiene conocimientos sobre los elementos de higiene bucal, y menos del 50 % tiene conocimiento sobre alimentación durante el embarazo y su efecto en los dientes del niño. El 64 % posee un nivel de conocimiento bueno sobre medidas preventivas; sin embargo acerca de enfermedades bucales y gestación en relación a la atención odontológica, el nivel de conocimientos es malo; por lo que el nivel de conocimiento general en las gestantes sobre medidas de prevención de salud bucal es malo.

Características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas de la saliva durante y después del embarazo

Identify the changes in some physiological and microbiological parameters in the saliva from a group of women during and after their pregnancies. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from a cohort of 35 women during their pregnancy and afterwards to determine each sample's physicochemical (secretion rate, pH and buffer capacity) and microbiological characteristics (acidogenic bacteria count). The pH and buffer capacity of saliva during pregnancy were lower than after pregnancy. There were no statistically significant changes regarding S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. count, but a tendency towards increased values during pregnancy was noted. Changes occurring in the saliva of pregnant women can lead to an increase of risk of suffering disease affecting one's oral health, such as caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease; this could be prevented by appropriate diagnosis and dental follow-up, including education regarding pregnant women's oral health.

Oral health of pregnant women in Albacete

Oral health of pregnant women in Albacete

Pregnancy and Oral Health

AbstractPregnancy, the period from conception to birth, is characterised by profound hormonal changes. The tissues supporting the teeth, including the periodontium especially gingiva is affected. There are several reasons why dental professionals should focus on oral health in pregnant women. This article focus light on some of these oral diseases.

The oral health status, practices and knowledge of pregnant women in south‐western Sydney

Current evidence highlights the importance of oral health during pregnancy. However, little is known about the oral health of pregnant women in Australia. The aim of this study was to report the oral health status, knowledge and practices of pregnant women in south-western Sydney. A cross-sectional survey of 241 pregnant women attending a large hospital in south-western Sydney. More than half (59.3%) reported dental problems during pregnancy, less than a third (30.5%) saw a dentist in the last six months, only 10% had received any information about perinatal oral health and many (>50%) were unaware of the potential impact of poor maternal oral health on pregnancy and infant outcomes. Analysis revealed a significant difference (<0.05) in the uptake of dental services among pregnant women who had higher household incomes, private health insurance, received information about perinatal oral health and knowledge about maternal oral health. The participants reported significant barriers to obtaining dental care including limited access to affordable dental services and lack of awareness about the importance of maternal oral health. The findings suggest the need for preventive strategies involving dentists and antenatal providers to improve maternal oral health in Australia.

Knowledge of dental interns about management of dental needs of pregnant patients

Objective: Recent studies have shown relationship between poor oral health in pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes. So it was decided to assess the knowledge of interns who will be the future practitioners regarding management of dental needs of pregnant patients.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 380 interns from eight dental colleges in Karnataka. Questionnaire comprised of 25 knowledge based questions and five questions regarding their training, number of pregnant patients treated by them and their confidence level in dental management of pregnant patient. Excel spread sheet was used for mathematical calculations.Results: More than 80% of the interns had knowledge about usage of NSAIDS (92%) antibiotics (82%) and local anesthetic (80%). Conversely many did not know about the FDA category of drugs to be used (80%) and safety of dental radiographs (89%) in pregnant patients. Results also showed lack of confidence in interns to provide dental care to pregnant patients.Conclusion: There is definitive need to improve the knowledge and thus the confidence levels of the interns.

Oral Care during Pregnancy: Attitudes of Brazilian Public Health Professionals

There is little information about health professionals’ behavior regarding oral health care during pregnancy. We evaluated attitudes of obstetricians/gynecologists, nurses, and dentists working at a public community service towards pregnant women’s oral health. Health professionals responded to a self-applied questionnaire. Cluster analysis identified two clusters of respondents; Chi-square, Student’s t test, and logistic regression were used to compare the two clusters in terms of the independent variables. Respondents were categorized into cluster 1 ‘less favorable’ (n = 159) and cluster 2 ‘more favorable’ (n = 124) attitudes. Professionals that had attended a residency or specialization program (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.15–3.77, p = 0.016) and worked exclusively at the public service (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.10–4.20, p = 0.025) presented more favorable attitudes. Obstetricians/gynecologists (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.09–0.54, p = 0.001) and nurses (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.29–0.86, p = 0.013) showed less favorable attitudes than dentists. Health care providers’ attitudes regarding pregnant women’s oral health were related to their occupation, qualification, and dedication to the public service.

Ensino e pesquisa na estratégia de saúde da família: o PET-Saúde da FMB/Unesp

Tendo como princípios orientadores a integralidade e a humanização do cuidado, a Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB) - Unesp busca reorientar a formação dos profissionais de saúde com o desenvolvimento de pesquisas e educação permanente na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Este artigo analisa o primeiro ano do PET-Saúde desenvolvido na FMB e Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Botucatu (SP). Foram selecionados como temas de investigação: saúde bucal de gestante, criança e idoso; imunização do adolescente; saúde do adulto e do idoso; e saúde e meio ambiente. Realizaram-se oficinas com a metodologia da problematização, produzindo-se modelos de intervenção nos quais alunos, docentes e profissionais de saúde dos serviços locais de saúde são protagonistas. O programa é um desdobramento da disciplina Interação Universidade, Serviço e Comunidade, ministrada de modo integrado aos cursos de Medicina e Enfermagem. Há resistências no interior da universidade, reconhecendo-se a desvalorização da prática clínica extra-hospitalar e na Atenção Básica. Nesse processo, o PET-Saúde vem fortalecer a prática acadêmica que interliga a universidade, em suas atividades de ensino, pesquisa, serviço e extensão, com demandas da sociedade, de forma partilhada.