Oral Formulae Research Articles

Degradation of IGF-I in the adult rat gastrointestinal tract is limited by a specific antiserum or the dietary protein casein.

To investigate the potential of IGF-I peptides as therapeutics in the gut, the survival profiles of a bolus of 125I-labelled IGF-I (8.6 ng) in vivo in various ligated gut segments of fasted adult rats have been examined. The intactness of IGF-I tracer in the flushed luminal contents was estimated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, antibody and receptor binding assays. It was found that IGF-I was degraded very rapidly in duodenum and ileum segments with a half-life (t1/2) of 2 min by all three methods. IGF-I was slightly more stable in the stomach (t1/2 = 8, 5 and 2.5 min by the above three methods), and considerably more stable in the colon (t1/2 = 38, 33 and 16 min as judged by the three methods). Rates of degradation in gut flushings in vitro were similar to the in vivo rates except for the colon, where IGF-I was proteolysed more rapidly in vivo. As a means of developing gut-stable and active forms of IGF-I, several approaches were examined for their effectiveness in prolonging IGF-I survival in the upper gut. It was found that the extension peptide on the analogue, LR3IGF-I did not protect IGF-I, nor did association with IGF-binding protein-3. However, an IGF-I antiserum was effective in prolonging IGF-I half-life in duodenum fluid by 28-fold. Charge interaction between IGF-I and heparin could also protect IGF-I in the stomach but not in duodenum flushings. Furthermore, casein (a non-specific dietary protein) and to a lesser extent, BSA and lactoferrin, were effective in preserving IGF-I structural integrity and receptor binding activity in both stomach and duodenum fluids. It can be concluded that IGF-I cannot be expected to retain bioactivity if delivered orally because of rapid proteolysis in the upper gut, but the use of IGF antibodies and casein could represent useful approaches for IGF-I protection in oral formulae.

Orality and the Developing Text of Caedmon's Hymn

Previous articleNext article No AccessOrality and the Developing Text of Caedmon's HymnKatherine O'Brien O'KeeffeKatherine O'Brien O'Keeffe Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 62, Number 1Jan., 1987 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2852564 Views: 24Total views on this site Citations: 12Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1987 The Medieval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Manish Sharma Beyond Nostalgia: Formula and Novelty in Old English Literature, Exemplaria 26, no.44 (Sep 2014): 303–327.https://doi.org/10.1179/1041257314Z.00000000056 Gothic Ornament and Sartorial Peasants, (Jan 1998): 19–57.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822379027-002 English America, (Jan 1998): 58–82.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822379027-003 Bede’s Blush, (Jan 1998): 83–101.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822379027-004 The Devil’s Anal Eye, (Jan 1998): 105–134.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822379027-005 Genders, Bodies, Borders, (Jan 1998): 135–162.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822379027-006 Humanist History and the Haunting of Virtual Technologies, (Jan 1998): 165–184.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822379027-007 Stranded Histories, (Jan 1998): 185–201.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822379027-008 Notes, (Jan 1998): 203–273.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822379027-009 Works Cited, (Jan 1998): 275–305.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822379027-010Michael R. Near Anticipating Alienation: Beowulf and the Intrusion of Literacy, PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 108, no.22 (Oct 2020): 320–332.https://doi.org/10.2307/462601Kevin S. Kiernan Reading Cædmon's "Hymn" with Someone Else's Glosses, Representations , no.3232 (Oct 1990): 157–174.https://doi.org/10.2307/2928799

P'ansori: The Korean Oral Narrative

A study of the Korean oral narrative (p'ansori) and its singers (kwangdae) from the earliest known origins to the state of the art in the twentieth century, based upon historical references, extant p'ansori texts, biographical studies of nineteenth-century kwangdae , interviews with living singers, and contemporary recordings. This Korean oral tradition is treated as related to comparable artforms in other cultures, such as the Chinese chantefable (chu-kung-tiao) , Japanese puppet libretti (jōruri) , and the Yugoslav oral epic. Accordingly, it is asserted that early kwangdae improvised their narratives on the basis of oral formulae, as described by Albert B. Lord in The Singer of Tales . However, it is assumed that the force of the guildlike organization of kwangdae and the master-disciple relationship through which their art was transmitted resulted in a fixing of texts and a loss of this improvisational character. In addition, the study considers the relationship between the p'ansori and the folk tale and also discusses the operatic adaptations and commercially printed versions of the oral narrative that began to appear at the end of the nineteenth century.