Oral Diclofenac Sodium Research Articles

Comparison of Bromelain and Diclofenac in the Management of Postoperative Pain and Quality of Life Following Root Canal Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of oral bromelain and diclofenac in relieving postoperative pain and improving postoperative quality of life in patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular first molars after root canal therapy. Materials and methods A simple randomized double-blinded clinical trial was carried out. One hundred patients with symptomatic pulpitis requiring root canal therapy of mandibular first permanent molars were randomly divided into two groups after obtaining informed consent. After access opening, preparation of the root canal and temporization, Group I (n=50) patients received oral bromelain 200 mg and Group II (n=50) received oral diclofenac sodium 50 mg, respectively. The patients were asked to rate their pain on a visual analog pain intensity scale (VAS) and rate their quality of life using the postoperative quality of life (POQoL) questionnaire after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Results Bromelain and diclofenac were equally effective for postoperative analgesia, but diclofenac showed immediate pain relief and improved quality of life at 6 hours. After 12 hours bromelain showed similar effects in managing pain and postoperative quality of life with less adverse effects. Conclusions When compared to diclofenac, bromelain has the same analgesic efficacy after 12 hours but a lower risk of adverse effects in patients receiving root canal therapy for postoperative pain. Diclofenac is more effective in immediate postoperative pain relief and improvement in quality of life for patients with moderate to severe pain.

Comparison of First Analgesic Demand in Post-Operative Period Among Diclofenac Group Versus Paracetamol Group

Background: Pain after major surgery causes delays in patients' postoperative recovery, extended hospitalization periods, excessive use of analgesics, and is extremely stressful for both surgery and anesthesia. Preemptive analgesia is a treatment that begins before surgery to prevent the development of central sensitization caused by incisional and inflammatory damage that occur during surgery and in the early postoperative period. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are commonly used for this purpose. Diclofenac sodium is a typical, inexpensive NSAIDS. Preemptive analgesia can reduce the severity and duration of pain while also delaying it. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the Comparison of first analgesic demand in post-operative period among Diclofenac group versus Paracetamol group. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesiology & ICU Bangladesh Medical College Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh during 18th January 2020 to 17th July 2020. A total of 50 patients were participated in the study. Sample was selected by random sampling in two groups distributed as- group A (Oral diclofenac sodium), group B (Oral paracetamol). Statistical analyses of the results were be obtained by using window-based Microsoft Excel and Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-24). Results: The majority of patients (63.0%) were between 40 and 59 years old, with a mean age of 48.3 ± 11.2 years. In groups A (58%) and B (56%), nearly two-thirds of the patients had an ASA grade of one. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). At baseline, no significant change in heart rate, SBP, or DBP was seen across groups. The postoperative heart rate and other haemodynamic state were assessed at two, six-, and twelve-hours following surgery. Conclusion: Preemptive oral Diclofenac sodium had significant effect on reducing postoperative pain and postoperative .......

Rectal versus Oral Diclofenac Sodium in Relieving Post-Episiotomy Pain: Randomized Controlled Study

Rectal versus Oral Diclofenac Sodium in Relieving Post-Episiotomy Pain: Randomized Controlled Study

Circulating miR-222-3p is associated with ankylosing spondylitis development and predicts therapeutic efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic rheumatic disease, and some microRNAs (miRNAs) in AS have been identified. This study aimed to measure miR-222-3p expression in AS patients, investigate the association of miR-222-3p with AS disease activity, and explore the clinical value of miR-222-3p in diagnosing AS and predicting therapeutic efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on AS patients. This study included 96 patients with AS, 58 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 90 healthy controls. miR-222-3p expression was detected by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ability of miR-222-3p to discriminate between different groups was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The predictive value of miR-222-3p on the efficacy of NSAID treatment for AS was assessed by logistic regression analysis. AS patients treated with oral NSAIDs diclofenac sodium were divided into response (n = 76) and no-response (n = 20) groups after 16 weeks of treatment. miR-222-3p in AS patients was higher than that in healthy subjects and RA patients. miR-222-3p had high diagnostic value in distinguishing patients with AS from RA patients and healthy controls. miR-222-3p, increased in active AS patients, had the ability to screen active AS patients from inactive AS patients. miR-222-3p was decreased in the response group, and had high accuracy in predicting the therapeutic efficiency of NSAIDs. The findings indicate that increased miR-222-3p in AS patients may function as a diagnostic biomarker for AS, and predictive biomarker for the therapeutic efficacy of NSAIDs in patients with AS. In addition, miR-222-3p is associated with AS disease activity.

Formulation and evaluation of Epsom salt-based gel to reduce osteoarthritis pain

Epsom salt as Osteoarthritis (OA) pain therapy has been limited to compresses, foot soaks, and baths. Many studies have examined Epsom salt to reduce pain, especially in OA, but Epsom salt formulation in gel form has never been tried, so it needs in-depth scientific evidence. This study aims to formulate an Epsom salt gel and test its effectiveness in reducing pain for OA patients. This is a true-experimental study with a completely randomized design. A total of 22 respondents with OA were included in the trial. In this study, each respondent received five treatments randomly (administration of pure gel (Negative control); Epsom salt gel with a concentration of 2%; 2.5%; 3%, and Diclofenac sodium (Positive control). Respondents' pain scale was assessed at the beginning and the end of each treatment as an outcome in this study. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD. Epsom salt gels were successfully made with 2%, 2.5%, and 3% concentrations. The formulation results have met the physical test of gel preparation (organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, and consistency). The results of clinical trials found that all Epsom salt gel concentrations effectively reduce OA pain levels (p<0.0001 vs. Control negative). Epsom salt gel with a concentration of 3% has a higher effectiveness level than other concentrations (p<0.0001). The effectiveness of Epsom salt gel with a concentration of 3% is almost equivalent to the oral drug diclofenac sodium. In conclusion, Epsom salt gel with a concentration of 3% as a topical drug has significantly reduced OA pain levels.
 Keywords: Epsom Salt Gels; Magnesium Sulfate; Pain; Osteoarthritis

Lidocaine 10% sprays versus oral diclofenac sodium for pain relief in women undergoing hysterosalpingography for infertility workup: A randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Background Tubal disease is the leading cause of female infertility in the West African sub-region and hysterosalpingography (HSG) is the first-line imaging technique in its assessment. HSG is an acutely painful procedure. Various studies on analgesia for HSG were inconclusive. We compared the efficacy of 10 mg lidocaine 10% spray and 50 mg oral diclofenac sodium for pain relief during HSG. Methods This randomized clinical trial was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife, Nigeria between December 2019 and December 2021, among one hundred and eight eligible women undergoing HSG as part of their infertility workup. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethics committee of the hospital with Protocol number ERC/2019/01/14. They were randomized into two groups. One group of 54 patients received 10 mg of 10% lidocaine spray and an oral placebo, while the second group of 54 women had 50 mg of oral diclofenac sodium and normal saline spray. Pain scores were assessed using a 10 cm visual analog scale at cervical traction, instillation of contrast media, and thirty minutes after HSG. The mean pain scores, the need for additional analgesia, and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. Result Those in the oral diclofenac group had significantly lower pain scores than the 10% Lidocaine group 30 minutes after HSG; 1.13 ± 1.06 Vs. 2.04 ± 1.26 (p < 0.001). The additional analgesic requirement also showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion This study showed that oral diclofenac sodium is comparable to lidocaine spray for pain relief during HSG. It also has the additional benefit of improved quality of life 30 mins after HSG as evidenced by effective pain relief. Consideration should be given to the use of oral diclofenac sodium for pain relief during and after HSG in well-selected patients.

Oral versus Rectal Diclofenac Sodium: Comparison of efficacy for Perineal pain relief after Episiotomy

Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral diclofenac sodium and diclofenac suppository for perineal pain relief after episiotomy. Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial. Place and Duration: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Pakistan Ordnance Factories Hospital, Wah Cantt from 1st Jan 2021 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: The study included 260 patients, who were randomly divided into group A and B through a computer-generated list. Patients in group A were given diclofenac sodium tablet 50mg orally just after the completion of episiotomy repair and it was repeated after 12 hours. Diclofenac suppository 50mg was placed rectally after episiotomy repair in patients of group B and was repeated after 12 hours. Perineal pain was measured at 24 hours after episiotomy repair on Visual Analogue Scale. Results: The mean pain score was 2.93 in diclofenac suppository group and 3.98 in oral diclofenac group. The women in suppository group had less pain than oral group and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: Diclofenac suppository was more effective than oral Diclofenac Sodium for perineal pain relief at 24 hours after episiotomy. Keywords: Diclofenac Suppository, Diclofenac Tablet, Episiotomy, Mean Pain Score, Perineal Pain Relief, Visual Analogue Scale How to Cite This: Mushtaq I, Kalsoom S, Nisa K, Jamil M, Safdar F, Majeed N. Oral versus rectal Diclofenac Sodium: Comparison of efficacy for Perineal pain relief after Episiotomy. Isra Med J. 2022; 14(3): 104-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55282/imj.oa1329

Phytochemicals and anti-hemorrhoidal activities Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber) leaves

Hemorrhoids occur due to inflammation of the rectoanal venous plexus, which causes inflammation, pain, and can cause lumps. This inflammation can cause difficulty in defecation and can even cause heavy bleeding. Empirically Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber) leaves have been used to treat hemorrhoids and have been known to contain flavonoids and terpenoid lactones which are active as an anti-inflammatory. Objective: To determine the anti hemorrhoidal activity of E. scaber leaves in reducing inflammation in hemorrhoids in Wistar rats. Material and method: The research begins with the extraction of E. scaber leaves with 70% ethanol as solvent. Extracts were analyzed for total flavonoid content with quercetin standard. Antihemorrhoidal activity was measured based on the degree of edema formed based on the weight of the rectum through the surgical process. Rats were induced with croton oil on the anorectal area for three days. The treatments for the test group were 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgW. The drug control group used oral diclofenac sodium for seven days. Result: E. scaber leaf ethanol extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and polyphenols. The flavonoid level was 3.433mgQE/g extract. This study showed that E. scaber leaf extract had the best anti hemorrhoidal activity at a dose of 100 mg/kgW with a significance value of p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of E.scaber leaves containing flavonoids provides a fairly good anti-hemorrhoid activity compared to the control drug diclofenac sodium.

Comparison between Open Testicular Biopsy and Testicular Fine Needle Aspiration (TEFNA) Cytology in Obstructive Azoospermia

Objective: To compare open testicular biopsy and testicular fine needle aspiration (TEFNA) for spermatogenesis in terms of Johnsen’s scoring in patients with suspicion of obstructive azoospermia. Study Design: Comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Urology, Services Hospital, Lahore from 24th December 2018 to 23rd December 2019. Methodology: Forty males with primary infertility and azoospermia (in 3 consecutive reports) were enrolled. Males with normal testicular size and bilaterally palpable vas deference were investigated further regarding their hormone profile (serum FSH, LH, and Testosterone) and scrotal color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS). When hormones and scrotal ultrasound were found normal, appointment was given to patients for procedure, after complete discussion about their diagnosis and plan of management with possible complications. Both procedures; open testicular biopsy and testicular fine needle aspiration (TEFNA) were done simultaneously under local anesthesia. Specimen obtained from both procedures was sent for analysis of spermatogenesis in terms of Johnsen scoring. Patients were discharged after four hours with advice of daily dressing for five days and scrotal support for two weeks and oral Diclofenac Sodium 50mg twice daily after meals for three days. Results: The mean values of Johnsen scores were 7.7±2.8 in open biopsy while in TEFNA 9.9±0.95 and statistically significant (&lt;0.05) results were found. Among 40 patients, 33(82.5%) patients showed spermatogenesis on open biopsy and 39(97.5%) on TEFNA. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of TEFNA in diagnosing spermatogenesis was 100%, 14.2%, 84.6, 100.0% and 85.0% respectively. Conclusion: Testicular fine needle aspiration is found to be a simple, reliable, and least invasive mode of diagnosing and management of azoospermia in adult males with minimal complications. Keywords: Open testicular biopsy, TEFNA, Infertility, Johnsen score

Comparison of oral diclofenac transdermal patch versus oral diclofenac sustained release tablet as a post-operative analgesia following orthodontic extractions of premolar teeth

Aim: This study was performed to compare the degree of post operative analgesia, patient compliance, and frequency of adverse events with the use of oral diclofenac tablets and transdermal diclofenac patch following multiple premolar extractions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Thirty young pre-orthodontic patients requiring bilateral maxillary and mandibular first premolar extractions were selected for the study. The right maxillary and mandibular first premolars were extracted first and 100mg oral diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets were prescribed to be taken thrice a day for three days. In the next appointment, the contralateral first premolars were extracted and a 100 mg transdermal diclofenac patch was applied once a day for three days. Pain relief and pain intensity with both the diclofenac formulations was recorded for each of using5-point Verbal Pain Intensity and Pain Relief Score Charts.Results and Conclusions: Statistical analyses revealed that there was a gradual increase in pain relief scores and a gradual decrease in pain intensity scores with the use of oral diclofenac tablets as well as with the transdermal patch.

Comparing Effectiveness of Combination of Collagen Peptide Type-1, Low Molecular Weight Chondroitin Sulphate, Sodium Hyaluronate, and Vitamin-C Versus Oral Diclofenac Sodium in Achilles Tendinopathy: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial.

BackgroundAchilles tendinopathy, a common cause of heel pain, is primarily considered mechanical in origin, but its pathogenesis and treatment lack consensus. Molecules such as collagen peptide type-1, low molecular weight chondroitin sulphate, sodium hyaluronate and vitamin C have been shown to act as building blocks of tendon structure, and oral supplementation of these have promising results in Achilles tendinopathy.MethodsThis study was a prospective randomized control trial to compare the effectiveness of oral diclofenac sodium versus a nutraceutical combination of collagen peptide type-1, chondroitin sulphate, sodium hyaluronate, and vitamin C in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy on pain and ultrasonographic structures. A total of 40 patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups and were given the nutraceutical combination in group A and diclofenac sodium in group B. The patient evaluation was done at baseline, six-week, and 12-week intervals in terms of VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and tendo-Achilles thickness by ultrasound.ResultsBoth nutraceutical combination and diclofenac reduced pain in persons with Achilles tendinopathy. The nutraceutical combination had a statistically significant better outcome in reducing pain at the end of 12 weeks. On ultrasound, both the interventions reduced Achilles tendon anteroposterior and mediolateral thickness by the end of 12 weeks. Although there was no absolute significant intergroup difference, the percentage change was more in the nutraceutical group in the case of anteroposterior thickness.ConclusionCombining collagen peptide type-1, low molecular weight chondroitin sulphate, sodium hyaluronate, and vitamin C is more effective than oral diclofenac in controlling pain in Achilles tendinopathy.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of bromelain with diclofenac sodium in the management of postoperative pain and swelling following mandibular third molar surgery

AimThe present study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of oral bromelain, a natural enzyme complex with oral diclofenac sodium in managing pain and swelling after mandibular third molar surgery. Materials and methodsA total of 40 patients were randomly divided into two groups, the bromelain group (n = 20) and the diclofenac sodium group (n = 20). Patients received either bromelain, 500 mg twice daily or diclofenac sodium, 50 mg thrice daily for five days after the surgical extraction of impacted third molars. Swelling and trismus were evaluated pre-operatively (day0) and on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7, pain on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7,also, the need for rescue medication and adverse effects were evaluated in both groups. ResultsThere was no difference between the bromelain and diclofenac groups in VAS pain scores (day1 = 35.1 vs 33.4, p = 0.829; day2 = 22 vs 22.4, p = 0.694; day7 = 13 vs 14.3, p = 0.678). There was no difference between the groups in swelling (day0 = 270.8 vs 266.5, p = 0.256; day1 = 279.2 vs 272.8, p = 0.167; day2 = 277.3 vs 271.4, p = 0.151; day7 = 269.2 vs 266.1, p = 0.440), trismus (day0 = 50.5 vs 48.9, p = 0.542; day1 = 29.6 vs 31.7, p = 0.839; day2 = 31.7 vs 32.6, p = 0.882; day7 = 41.1 vs 37.6, p = 0.273) and the number of rescue medications (1.6vs1.9, p = 0.956). Patients in both the groups did not report any severe or serious adverse effects. ConclusionsBromelain was comparable to diclofenac in the management of postoperative pain, swelling and trismus following impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Structures of paediatric pain management: a PERUKI service evaluation study

BackgroundPain is very common in childhood emergency department (ED) attendances, but is under-recognised and undertreated. Sequential national paediatric analgesia audits demonstrate suboptimal outcomes in several domains. The Donabedian framework examines...

Evaluation of Treatment of Coccydynia using Local Injection of Betamethasone-17α,21-dipropionate and 21-Disodium Phosphate versus Oral NSAIDs and Physiotherapy

Background Data: Coccydynia is defined as pain in the coccyx or tailbone area, usually caused by sitting acutely on a hard object. Because it often runs a chronic course, the management of this medical problem remains controversial. Different therapeutic options are available for the treatment of this condition. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a local betamethasone-17α,21-dipropionate and 21-disodium phosphate injections versus NSAIDs and physiotherapy in its management. Study Design: Prospective clinical cases study. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients who presented with pain in the tailbone area for more than four weeks were recruited for the study. They were subdivided randomly into two groups:Group I patients were treated with a local injection with betamethasone-17α,21-dipropionate and 21-disodium phosphate (n = 24), whereas Group II were treated with oral NSAIDs and physiotherapy (n = 24). Oral diclofenac sodium (150 mg/day) with physiotherapy program was given to patients in Group II for six weeks. Clinical evaluation was based on the severity of the coccyx pain by Visual Analog Scales (VAS) at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up and comparison to the baseline pain at presentation. Results: The incidence was more in the third decade (52%, n = 25), with female overbalance (85%, n = 40). In Group I, the mean of VAS was 8.1 before treatment and after one month of treatment, the score reached 3.9 and improved to 0.2 at the end of one year. However, in Group II, the mean of VAS was 7.5 before treatment; then after one month, it changed to 6.6 and improved to 2.5 at the end of one year. Conclusion: The reported outcome in this study suggests that local betamethasone-17α,21-dipropionate and betamethasone 21-disodium phosphate injections are more effective than NSAIDs and physiotherapy for the treatment of coccydynia. (2020ESJ224)

Combination of trypsin, rutoside, bromelain and diclofenac sodium in the management of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint: A randomized clinical trial

Background: Internal derangement of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a chronic disease which causes a considerable amount of pain and reduced chewing ability and thus compromising patients eating ability and lifestyle. Aims: This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of enzymes like trypsin, rutoside, bromelain, and diclofenac combination against the use of diclofenac alone in the treatment of internal derangement (ID) of TMJ. Settings and Design: This study was done in the OPD of Oral Medicine and Radiology department at dental institute and is a randomized case-controlled clinical trial. Methods and Materials: 30 subjects were enrolled in the study by simple random sampling and were diagnosed clinically as ID and radiographically screened. They were divided into 2 groups of 15 each. Group I was given oral diclofenac sodium and group II was given an oral combination of trypsin, rutoside, bromelain, and diclofenac sodium for a span of 14 days. Statistical Analysis: It was done by comparing the mean, median, and standard deviation of each variable. Comparative analysis was done using the Mann–Whitney U test, Friedman's test, Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and ANOVA to find the P- value and confidence interval. Results: Both the groups had reduced pain, improved chewing ability and mouth opening, and reduction in joint noise and jerky mandibular movements. Group I, patients had better results when compared to group I and the differences were highly significant. Conclusion: We recommend the use of a combination of enzymes and diclofenac for the management of ID of TMJ.

Pestle needling at Yāoyángguān-Bāzhèn points for intractable lumbodynia after lumbar disc herniation surgery: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo observe the differences of clinical efficacy of intractable lumbodynia after lumbar disc herniation surgery treated by pestle needling at Yāoyángguān Bāzhèn points, electroacupuncture and western medication. MethodsA total of 210 patients with intractable lumbodynia after lumbar disc herniation were randomly divided into pestle needle group, electroacupuncture group and western medication group, with 70 cases in each group. The pestle needle group was treated with pestle needle poking Yāoyángguān-Bāzhèn (GV3-Bāzhèn) points. The electroacupuncture group was treated with conventional electroacupuncture, and the western medication group was treated with oral diclofenac sodium dual release enteric-coated capsules (Difene). The pestle needle group and the electroacupuncture group were treated once a day, and there was 1 day of rest after 6 days of treatment, and a course of treatment included 7 days, and a total of 3 courses of treatment were performed. The western medication group took 1 Difene capsule (75 mg) at a time, with once a day continuing for 21 days. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Pain Rating Index (PRI) and Present Pain Intensity (PPI) were used to observe the improvement of pain before and after treatment, and the waist muscle tone was examined and the clinical efficacy was observed. ResultsThe post-treatment VAS, PRI, and PPI scores of the three groups were all lower than pre-treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in VAS, PRI and PPI scores between pestle needle group and western medication group (all P > 0.05). Meanwhile, they were all lower than the electroacupuncture group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). After treatment, the waist muscle tone of the three groups was higher than that pre-treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). After treatment, the waist muscle tone of the pestle needle group was higher than the electroacupuncture group, and the electroacupuncture group was higher than the western medication group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 88.57% in the pestle needle group, 80% in the electroacupuncture group, and 77.14% in the western medication group, and there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (P > 0.05). ConclusionsPestle needle poking GV3-Bāzhèn points can effectively relieve intractable lumbodynia after lumbar disc herniation surgery, decrease VAS, PRI, PPI scores and relieve waist muscle tone, and the effect was remarkable.

Efficacy observation on long snake moxibustion for lumbar disc herniation with cold-dampness syndrome

Abstrct Objectives To observe and compare the clinical efficacy difference among long snake moxibustion, acupuncture and western medication for treating lumbar disc herniation with cold-dampness syndrome, and to provide a preferred treatment for cold-dampness lumbar disc herniation. Methods A total of 90 patients with cold-dampness lumbar disc herniation were randomized into three groups according to the random number table, including the long snake moxibustion group (31 cases), the acupuncture group (28 cases) and the western medication group (31 cases). Treated with long snake moxibustion, patients in the long snake moxibustion group . The acupuncture group was treated with conventional acupuncture therapy, by adopting acupoints of Shenshū (肾俞 BL23), Dachangshū (大肠俞BL25), Yāoyangguān (腰阳关GV3), Wěizhōng (委中 BL40) and local Ashi points. Patients in the western medication group were given oral diclofenac sodium. Visual analogous scale (VAS), Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) score, yang deficiency scale score and clinical efficacy were observed before and after treatment. Results (1) The VAS scores of the patients after treatment in each group decreased compared with those before the treatment. The long snake moxibustion group decreased from 7.22 ± 1.14 to 1.10 ± 0.75 (P Conclusion The long snake moxibustion therapy has a significant clinical effect for lumbar disc herniation with cold-damp syndrome, which is better than those of acupuncture and western medication groups, the therapy can effectively improve the patients’ physical constitution as a preferred solution for cold-damp lumbar disc herniation by acupuncture therapy.

Comparative Evaluation of Intranasal Butorphanol and Oral Diclofenac Sodium for Analgesia After Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: Split-Mouth Prospective Controlled Clinical Study.

The study intended to compare the analgesic effect and patient satisfaction of intranasal butorphanol with oral diclofenac sodium after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. This split-mouth prospective controlled clinical study included 50 patients with bilateral symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars with the same difficulty on the Pederson Index. All patients had two appointments of surgery. In the first, the molar on one side was surgically removed and depending upon the chit selected by the patient, either intranasal butorphanol or oral diclofenac sodium was prescribed postoperatively for pain relief. Two weeks later, the impacted mandibular third molar on the other side was surgically removed and if butorphanol was selected for the first side, then oral diclofenac sodium was prescribed for the other side and vice versa. Pain relief was recorded on the Facial Visual Analogue Scale at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5h postoperatively and on postoperative day 1 and 2 at the same time for both the drugs. Intensity of pain was less with intranasal butorphanol as compared to oral diclofenac sodium at all the time intervals and especially in the 1st postoperative hour. Overall acceptance (88%) to butorphanol nasal formulation was statistically similar to diclofenac sodium tablets. Intranasal butorphanol at the very acceptable 1mg dose after the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars provides a profound degree of analgesia. It is a well-tolerated drug with a high acceptance rate if administered correctly.

Kinesiology Tape in Comparison with Oral Diclofenac Sodium in Reducing Swelling After Surgical Removal of Lower Wisdom Teeth

Kinesiology Tape in Comparison with Oral Diclofenac Sodium in Reducing Swelling After Surgical Removal of Lower Wisdom Teeth

A Randomized Placebo Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy of Oral Diclofenac Sodium in the Treatment of Symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee in Nnewi, South Eastern Nigeria

A Randomized Placebo Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy of Oral Diclofenac Sodium in the Treatment of Symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee in Nnewi, South Eastern Nigeria