Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale Research Articles

The impact of orthodontic treatment on a young person’s quality of life, esthetics, and self-esteem in hypodontia: A longitudinal study

This research aimed to evaluate the impact of orthodontic treatment on a young person's oral health-related quality of life, self-esteem, and esthetics concerning hypodontia. A prospective longitudinal hospital-based study recruited 97 participants with hypodontia, aged 11-18 years. Forty-one participants (42%) originally planned to have space closure and the remainder space opening, with subsequent prosthetic replacement. The following questionnaires were completed before and after orthodontic treatment: the child perception questionnaire, Bristol condition-specific questionnaire for hypodontia (BCSQ), the child health questionnaire, and the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS). The Wilcoxon and matched pairs t tests approach was applied to compare before and after orthodontic treatment for significant testing (P<0.05). Fifteen participants were lost to follow-up, resulting in 82 participants completing orthodontic treatment, with an average age of 13.8 ± 1.71 years. A total of 282 teeth were missing in the sample. Treatment resulted in significantly lower indexes (P<0.001) to overall BCSQ, OASIS, appearance, and how others would treat them. In comparing the 2 subgroups, those treated with space closure had significantly reduced functional limitations (child perception questionnaire), appearance concerns, self-esteem (child health questionnaire), OASIS, and overall BCSQ scores. Orthodontic treatment in participants with hypodontia appears to significantly impact a range of psychological and esthetic scales. In particular, space closure appears to significantly improve the quality of life of participants compared with those undergoing space opening.

Does the timing of treatment affect the clinical and psychological outcomes of Twin-block therapy?

This study is a multicenter, two-arm parallel randomized control trial carried out across 3 hospital orthodontic units. A total of 75 patients participated in the study, with 41 randomly allocated in an Immediate Treatment Group (ITG) and 34 randomly allocated into an 18-month delayed Later Treatment Group (LTG). The patients were aware as to which group they were being allocated, as were the clinicians. Both patient groups received the same twin block appliance for use during the study. The appliance was to be worn full time, including eating, but to be removed while participating in contact sports or swimming. Achieving an overjet reduction between 2-4 mm was defined as being the clinical endpoint. After this, the appliance was only worn at night up until the next data collection point, allowing an 18-month window to finish treatment. Blinded clinicians measured skeletal changes using lateral cephalograms and overjet change via study models. Psychological impact was measured using two questionnaires: Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) and the Oral Health Quality of Life (OHQL). Data was collected from when the patient first registered in the study (DC1), 18 months after registration (DC2) and 3 years after registration (DC3). In total, 41 boys and 34 girls were included in the study. Ages for the boys ranged from within 1 month of their 12th birthday to 13.5 years old. For the girls, the range was from within 1 month of their 11th birthday to 12.5 years old. Further inclusion criteria included a class II skeletal pattern and having an overjet of 7 mm+. Exclusion criteria included patients of non-white Caucasian origin, girls aged 12.5 years+ and boys aged 13.5 years+. Furthermore, patients with a history of cleft lip or palate, mandibular asymmetry, muscular dystrophy, general health precluding compliance with treatment, a medically diagnosed growth excess or deficiency, not dentally fit or having previously received orthodontic treatment were not included in the study. SPSS Version 25 software was used to undertake the data analysis. No formal statistical testing was undertaken. To analyze and compare the scores between the two groups, independent t-tests were used. All analysis was carried out at 0.05 level of significance. The reliability of the examining clinicians was assessed using Bland-Altman limits of agreement. As only the ITG were in treatment over the periods of DC1-DC2 a comparison of the clinical outcomes cannot be made. With regards to the psychological outcome, no statically significant impact was noted for the ITG when compared with the LTG, who had not started treatment (OASIS P = 0.53, OHQL P = 0.92). When comparing the treatment effects of twin block therapy for the ITG (DC1-DC2) and the LTG (DC2-DC3), study model overjet and cephalometric changes were not statistically significant with the exception of % lower facial height (which was deemed not to be clinically significant) and mandibular unit length. There was no statistical significance with regards to the psychological outcomes post treatment when comparing the groups (OASIS P = 0.30, OHQL P = 0.85) CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that adolescents (with a mean age of 12 years 8 months for boys and 11 years 8 months for girls) will not be disadvantaged, either clinically or psychologically, by waiting 18 months for twin block therapy.

Prevalence of Malocclusion and Its Perception among 13-15 Year Old Children of Poonch

Background: Malocclusion and altered dento-facial aesthetics often do not compromise oral function but can influence a person’s body image forma­tion, emotional development, self-esteem, and social integration worldwide. Increased concern over dental appearance has been observed during childhood and adolescence to early adulthood. Perception of dental and facial appearance can vary from person to person and different people can have different expectations from treatment outcomes. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and to understand its impact on aesthetic self-perception. Materials and Method: Study was carried out on 500 school-going children of Poonch city aged 13-15 years A specially designed proforma was used to collect information on participant’s demographic details, oral health conditions and perceived aesthetic impact of malocclusion was collected using Dental aesthetic index and Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis has been carried out proportions were compared using Chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was done to estimate the relationship between OASIS and DAI. Results: Regarding severity of malocclusion and treatment need, it was found that 65.2% had no/minor malocclusion while 18.4% had definite malocclusion requiring elective treatment. However, severe and very severe malocclusion needing definite treatment was observed in 9% and 7.6% of study population. Better aesthetic impact of malocclusion was observed in 92.2% males and 88.6% females. While only 7.8% males and 11.4% females perceived their aesthetics as poor. Individuals with malocclusion (definite, severe, and handicapped) were 2, 11, 10 times more likely to perceive poorer oral aesthetics as compared to those who were having normal or little malocclusion. Conclusions: A statistically significant association between malocclusion and oral aesthetic self perception was observed and it was found that children do not always respond perceptually in the way that an epidemiological index might suggest they should. In populations whose general perceived need and use of dental services and orthodontic treatment exposure are low, it is necessary to investigate the perceptual awareness of malocclusion before an orthodontic care system is developed. Keywords: Malocclusion, Dental aesthetic index, OASIS, Self-perception, school-going children.

Relationship between aesthetic concern and self-esteem in adolescents with severe malocclusion

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between aesthetic concern and self-esteem in adolescents with severe malocclusion. Methods A cross-sectional study developed with 543 adolescents from 11 to 13 years of age and severe malocclusion was selected. Dental aesthetic index (DAI) diagnosed the malocclusion and selected the groups with greater severity (DAI 3 and 4). Aesthetic concern was assessed using the oral aesthetic subjective impact scale (OASIS) and considered an outcome variable. The global negative self-evaluation (GSE) evaluated self-esteem. The variables were analysed using Poisson multiple regression and the model adjustment determined by the Akaike information criterion (AICC). The effect of each variable on OASIS was expressed as a prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals. The analyses were performed using the R program with a significance level of 5%. Results A significant association was observed between aesthetic concern scores and self-esteem (p<.05). Individuals with low self-esteem had OASIS scores 14% higher (PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08–1.21). There was no significant association between OASIS and gender and age (p>.05). Conclusions Self-esteem modulates how the individual perceives malocclusion. Adolescents with severe and very malocclusion and low self-esteem have greater aesthetic concerns.

Perception and attitude of Mongolians on malocclusion

Background/purposeThis study assessed the perception and attitude of Mongolians on malocclusion and compared the perceptions with researchers’ perceptions on malocclusion, and this study aimed to determine factors influencing the self-perception of laypeople.Materials and methodsIn addition, we evaluated the correlation between the subjective and objective perceptions of participants. In a random sample of 133 people (39.8% men and 60.2% women) aged 18–55 years, subjective perceptions were assessed using a questionnaire (oral aesthetic subjective impact scale), and objective perceptions were assessed using 10 intraoral frontal photographs of the aesthetic component of index of orthodontic treatment need (AC-IOTN) and six intraoral lateral photographs of the aesthetic component of lateral occlusion (AC-LO).ResultsA significant association was observed between participants' self-perception and researchers' ratings (P < 0.001). The appearance of teeth was significantly correlated with participants’ self-rating by using AC-IOTN and AC-LO. Most people (74%) believed that well-aligned teeth improve the overall facial appearance. Sex, monthly income, and education level significantly influenced the self-perception of participants on malocclusion.ConclusionPatients’ perception and attitude cannot be overlooked because they are some of the crucial aspects of the entire treatment.

Hypodontia and its impact on a young person's quality of life, esthetics, and self-esteem

The impact of hypodontia on quality of life is a relatively unexplored area. The limited research shows that the issues of importance for people with hypodontia can vary from those of patients undergoing routine orthodontic treatment. This research aimed to use generic and condition-specific scales to evaluate the impact of hypodontia on a young person's oral health-related quality of life, self-esteem, and aesthetics. This prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study recruited 97 participants with hypodontia, aged 11-18years. The following questionnaires were completed before the start of any planned treatment: child perception questionnaire, Bristol condition-specific questionnaire for hypodontia, child health questionnaire, and Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale. A priori sample size calculation determined a minimum of 65 participants were required, at the 5% level of significance, and with a power of 80%. The number was inflated to allow for dropouts/loss to follow-up by 30%. A total of 323 teeth were missing; 58 subjects (36 female) showed mild (2 absent teeth), and 39 subjects (25 female) showed moderate to severe (>2 absent teeth) hypodontia. Forty-one (42%) patients were missing anterior teeth, with absent maxillary lateral incisors predominating. Significant differences were found for the overall child perception questionnaire (P=0.01), emotional (P=0.005), and social (P=0.003) well-being; scores were highest in the moderate to severe hypodontia group, revealing the greatest negative impact. Similarly, overall Bristol condition-specific questionnaire for hypodontia (P<0.001), treatment (P=0.001), appearance (P=0.013), and other people's reaction (P<0.001) domains were all significant, with the moderate to severe group reporting higher levels of negative impact. No significant differences were observed in self-esteem or esthetics. Hypodontia in young people appear to have a negative psychosocial impact, both in terms of its presentation and planned care.

Self-Esteem and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life within a Cleft Lip and/or Palate Population: A Prospective Cohort Study.

(1) Objective: To investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-esteem (SE) of a population with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and to compare it with a non-affected control cohort. (2) Materials and methods: This study comprised 91 CLP patients and a control group of 790 individuals, seeking orthodontic treatment. OHRQoL and SE were assessed by the Child’s Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) and the Dutch adaptation of the Harter’s Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. Treatment need and self-perception of oral aesthetic were assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS). Patients’ expectations and motivation for treatment were also scored. Linear models were used for statistical comparisons between groups. (3) Results: The cleft group scored higher in all domains of the CPQ, OASIS, IOTN and regarding SE for the domains of scholastic competence, athletic competence, physical appearance and behavioral conduct. The cleft group was not only more motivated and expected less discomfort during treatment but also had higher expectations for the treatment outcome. (4) Conclusions: The OHRQoL of CLP patients is strongly correlated with the presence of an oral cleft, while SE remains a personal resource not influenced by the malocclusion or medical condition.

Is the adolescent's esthetic concern associated with anterior occlusal conditions or the malocclusion severity level?

To assess the esthetic impact of anterior occlusal conditions and malocclusion severity levels. A population-based cross-sectional study of 700 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years was conducted. The Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) was used to evaluate the subjective esthetic impact of malocclusion. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) criteria were used to diagnose the anterior occlusal characteristics in isolation and the severity levels of malocclusion. The variables with P < .20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with P < .10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the adolescents, 42% showed negative self-perception of malocclusion. In addition, 15.4% of adolescents had severe malocclusion (DAI 3) and 18.9% very severe malocclusion (DAI 4). Crowding and spacing were shown to be 2.90 (CI: 2.06-4.09) and 2.53 (CI: 1.65-3.86) times, respectively, more likely to cause a negative esthetic impact in adolescents (P < .05). In addition, adolescents with orthodontic treatment need (DAI 2, 3, and 4) were more likely to report a negative esthetic impact (P < .05). Anterior crowding and spacing are the conditions that most influence the esthetic concern of adolescents. Adolescents with very severe malocclusion and higher orthodontic treatment need are more likely to report a negative esthetic impact.

Assessment of the aesthetic impact and quality of life of home dental bleaching in adult patients.

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on the quality of life and aesthetic perception of patients. Material and MethodsA total of 107 patients between 18 and 38 years of age with good oral and general health and at least one anterior tooth in color A2 or darker were selected. Patients who previously underwent any type of bleaching procedures were excluded. All patients received a home bleaching treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide. Before beginning the bleaching treatment, the selected patients responded a form with the Oral Health Impact Profile short form (OHIP-14) and Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) questionnaire. One month after the bleaching treatment, the patients answered the same questionnaires again. The mean ΔE after bleaching was obtained for the canines and lateral and central incisors. The OHIP-14 and OASIS data were measured for the total sample before and after bleaching using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a 5% significance level. ResultsThe effectiveness of whitening by significant color variation was observed in all groups of teeth with less variation in ΔE for central incisors. Comparing before and after bleaching, there was no significant difference in impact for any of the seven domains and total OHIP-14 scores, although a decrease was observed in the discomfort and psychological disability domains. As for the self-perception of dental aesthetics, measured by the OASIS, there was also no significant difference for all the items evaluated; however, it was possible to observe an increase in “concern with dental appearance” after bleaching. ConclusionsHome bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide did not have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and aesthetic perception, although there was a decrease in the domain of psychological discomfort and an increase in concerns about dental appearance. Key words:Tooth Bleaching, quality of life, self-perception, dental aesthetics.

Correlation of dental aesthetic index and oral aesthetic subjective impact scale among 12 and 15 years school going children of Lucknow city- A cross- sectional study

Malocclusion is one of the most common dental problems in mankind. Malocclusion can also impair dento-facial aesthetics, difficulty in mastication, swallowing, speech and also affects quality of life by affecting function, appearance, interpersonal relationships, socializing, self-esteem and psychological well-being. Aim: To assess the correlation of Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score (OASIS) in 12 and 15 years school going children of Lucknow city. Materials and Method: The present study was cross-sectional study, among 12 and 15 years age group with a sample of 310. Information was collected regarding socio-demographic factors, Dental Aesthetic Index (WHO Oral Assessment Form 1997) was used to assess the prevalence and severity of malocclusion and Oral Aesthetics Subjective Impact Score (OASIS) questionnaire was used to evaluate the self perceived dental appearance. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Among 310 students, 148 were males and 162 were females. The prevalence of malocclusion (DAI score >25) among the study population was 22.3%. A statistically significant association was found between DAI and poorer oral aesthetics self perception in multivariate analysis was observed. Conclusion: The present study yielded a significant association between malocclusion and OASIS as students with definite, severe or handicapped malocclusion may have negative impact on their social and affective interactions. Keywords: Esthetic self-perception, malocclusion, OASIS, School children

How is orthodontic treatment need associated with perceived esthetic impact of malocclusion in adolescents?

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the esthetic impact of orthodontic treatment need in adolescents. This cross-sectional study was performed with 1172 adolescents aged 12 (n=638) years and 15 (n=534) years from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The esthetic impact was the following outcome variables: Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale. The normative orthodontic treatment need was assessed by the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-DHC) and by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Logistic regression models were adjusted, estimating crude odds ratio with the respective 95% confidence intervals. The variables with P≤0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, remaining the variables with P≤0.05. The results showed a statistically significant association for the esthetic impact (Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale) when assessing the normative orthodontic treatment need by the DAI (P<0.05). However, there was no significant association between subjective esthetic impact and normative needs when using the IOTN-DHC (P>0.05). DAI was more associated with the adolescents' esthetic concern than IOTN-DHC and should be the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need to be selected to complement the patient's self-perception.

Difference and relation between adolescents\u2019 and their parents or caregivers\u2019 reported oral health-related quality of life related to orthodontic treatment: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundParents/caregivers play an important role in deciding whether their children will undergo orthodontic treatment or not. Their perceptions also have an influence on other choices involving orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference and correlation between the ratings given by children and their parents or caregivers on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before, during and after orthodontic treatment.MethodsIn this ongoing observational prospective cohort study, 498 children aged 11 to 16 years-old and one of their parents/caregivers completed questionnaires before (T0), 1 year after start (T1) and 1 month after the end of orthodontic treatment (T2). OHRQoL was scored by using the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11–14) and the Parental-Caregiver Perception questionnaire (P-CPQ). The self-perception of oral aesthetics was evaluated with the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) in addition to the aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Spearman correlations, Mann-Whitney U-tests and linear models were used to analyze the longitudinal data.ResultsAt T0, the ratings of parents/caregivers were significantly lower for the total CPQ as well as for the subdomains of oral symptoms, functional limitations and emotional well-being. Parents/caregivers also scored significantly lower at T2 for the total CPQ and the subdomain of oral symptoms. The relations between the scores of children and their parents/caregivers were significant at all three time points, as were the changes in scores, but all of them were at most moderate in size. Parents/caregivers scored significantly lower for OASIS than their children at all time points and only at baseline a significant, weak correlation was found.ConclusionThe reports of parents/caregivers should be seen as important complementary information in OHRQoL research.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Medical Ethical Commitee of the University Hospitals Leuven and the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (ML5739), Leuven, Belgium, on the 12th of May of 2009, with the registration number S51642. All procedures performed are in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committees and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Reported changes in oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents before, during, and after orthodontic treatment: a longitudinal study

To investigate the changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before, during, and after orthodontic treatment, determine the relationship with the original treatment need and evaluate the influence of self-esteem (SE). OHRQoL questionnaires were used in an ongoing observational prospective cohort study at baseline (T0), 1 year after start (T1), and 1 month after the end of active orthodontic treatment (T2). Participants were 11-16-year-old at baseline and 215 complete cases were obtained from a total of 498. OHRQoL was scored by using the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14), SE was assessed by the Dutch adaptation of the Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents and treatment need was defined by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) was included to score perceived treatment need. Data were analyzed with Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U-test and linear models for longitudinal data. A significant decrease in IOTN and in OASIS was noted from T0-T1-T2 (P < 0.0001). CPQ results show a decrease from T0 to T2, from T1 to T2 and an increase from T0 to T1 (P < 0.0001). This was valid for the overall CPQ scores and its subdomains except for emotional well-being (EW), which decreases from T0-T1-T2. A correlation was found between baseline SE and the change of total CPQ scores between T0 and T2, also for EW (r = 0.325 and r = 0.354). OHRQoL ameliorates after orthodontic treatment. High baseline SE works as a protective factor for OHRQoL.

Influence of sense of coherence on adolescents\u2019 self-perceived dental aesthetics; a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSense of coherence (SOC) is a psychosocial factor capable of influencing perception of health, improving one’s ability to manage life. It is the central construct of salutogenesis. SOC allows for identification and mobilization of resources to effectively manage or solve problems, promoting health and quality of life. Using Wilson-Cleary’s conceptual model we hypothesized that SOC might contribute to self-perception of dental aesthetics. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SOC levels were related to self-perception of dental aesthetics against assessed normative orthodontic treatment need among adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 615 male and female adolescents aged 12 to 15 years. Data collection comprised socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, SOC (SOC 13), self-perceived dental aesthetics (Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale), and assessment of orthodontic treatment need (Dental Aesthetic Index). Statistical analysis involved Pearson’s chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and multiple linear regression. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated for the determination of the strength of correlations among the numerical variables. The level of significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05).Results50.1% of the participants were classified as having a high SOC (≥ median). Overall, SOC was associated with self-perceived dental aesthetics (p = 0.048). In the adolescents with no orthodontic treatment need, those with a low SOC perceived their dental aesthetics more negatively than those with high levels of SOC. The multiple regression analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between SOC and: 1) age (p = 0.007), SOC being higher in the younger age group; 2) self-perceived dental aesthetics (p = 0.001), a higher SOC being associated with those who had a positive dental self-perception.ConclusionsSOC was associated with self-perceived dental aesthetics and adolescents with a high SOC were more likely to perceive their dental aesthetics more positively. SOC did not seem to influence self-perception of dental aesthetics in adolescents who were clinically assessed as having an orthodontic treatment need, however, in those where there was no orthodontic treatment need, a low SOC was associated with a negative self-perception of dental appearance.

Prevalence of Malocclusion, Aesthetic Self-Perception and their Correlation among 18 to 24 Years Old College Students in Chennai

Background: Dental aesthetics plays a major role in determining facial appearance of a person. Facial appearance of a person contributes to his self-confidence and thereby provides social recognition to a person. The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the prevalence of malocclusion using Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), aesthetic self – perception using Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) and to evaluate the correlation between these two scores among 18 to 24 years old college students in Chennai. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study employing cluster random sampling was conducted among the college students in Chennai. Students aged between 18 to 24 years were clinically examined for assessing prevalence of malocclusion using (DAI) followed by assessment of self-perception of aesthetics using (OASIS) with a self-administered questionnaire. Correlation between the scores was assessed using Pearson’s correlation. Results: 573 study subjects participated in the present study, 73.8% study subjects had normal occlusion or slight malocclusion 18.2% study subjects had definitive malocclusion 6.3%) study subjects had severe malocclusion and 1.7% study subjects had very severe malocclusion. N=173 (30.2%) of the study subjects were very concerned about the appearance of their teeth. A significant positive correlation (r=0.287), (p<0.05) was observed between the DAI score and OASIS score among the study subjects. Conclusion: 8.2% of the study subjects had severe malocclusion, there is no significant difference in the prevalence of malocclusion across gender, mean OASIS score was high among female compared to males and a significant positive correlation observed between DAI and OASIS, and hence OASIS measure can be used to assess the self-perception of malocclusion.

Dental esthetic impact of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need based on self-perception among university students

AimsThe objectives of this study were to assess the self-perceived esthetic orthodontic treatment need, to determine esthetic impact of malocclusion and investigate the effect of factors including gender and courses to the need of orthodontic treatment among university students. MethodsA random study of 275 subjects among 18–25 year old university students from International Medical University (IMU) were evaluated using 2 scales; the Aesthetic Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (AC) and Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) and one direct question. ResultsThe data were analyzed to evaluate the subjective orthodontic treatment need, aesthetic impact of malocclusion, and perceived orthodontic treatment need.In the study, 55.7% of the students experienced negative perception and 44.3% have positive self-perception. Female perceived more negative perception (AC-OASIS) as compared to male, 35.3% and 20.4% respectively. The Mann–Whitney U Test was used to compare the total AC-OASIS score between males and females showed positive significance, p=0.05. The comparison between dentistry and non-dentistry students shows no significant difference in perception, p>0.05. ConclusionThere was no difference in the level of orthodontic treatment need among students from different courses, but impact of malocclusion was higher in females compared to males.

Perception of Personal Dental Appearance and Dental Aesthetic Index Score Among 18- to 20-year-old College Students in Rural South India.

To assess the correlation between self-perceived dental appearance and dental malocclusion among 18- to 20-year-old college students in Virajpet, Karnataka. A stratified random sample consisting of 280 18- to 20-year-old college students in Virajpet were recruited for the study. A pretested Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess the subjects' perception of dental aesthetics. Malocclusion was clinically assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The data were tabulated and analysed using SPSS version 16. The Spearman rankorder correlation coefficient was employed to determine the correlation between self-perceived dental appearance and dental malocclusion. Of the 280 students, 41.8% were females and 58.2% were males. The mean OASIS score was 23.93 (±3.72), the VAS score was 69.61 (±15.78) and DAI 24.80 (±6.29). There was a negative correlation between perception of personal dental appearance and the DAI scores in this group.

Normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment need in 11- to 16-year-old children

To examine the relationship between normative and self-perceived treatment need assessed by different measures, comprising two Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) scales. This cross-sectional observational study comprised 386 children aged 11-16 years registered for a first consultation at the Orthodontic Department of the University Hospitals of Leuven (Belgium). Normative treatment need was assessed by the Dental Health Component (DHC) and the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The children completed questionnaires comprising the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ₁₁₋₁₄) and the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS). They also scored the AC of IOTN themselves. Spearman correlations, Mann-Whitney U-tests and signed-rank tests, a Bland-Altman plot, and an intra-class correlation were used to analyze the data. Significant, yet weak correlations (maximum ρ = 0.23 for the CPQ emotional well-being domain) were found between normative orthodontic treatment need (IOTN AC) and most of the OHRQoL measures. Similarly, between the IOTN AC scores of the expert and the IOTN AC ratings given by the child a significant correlation (ρ = 0.37, P < 0.0001) was found, but with very poor agreement (95 per cent limits of agreement -4.3, 5.1). For the DHC of IOTN, only a relation was found with the AC child (ρ = 0.20, P = 0.0001). These results suggest that the commonly used IOTN as a clinical assessment tool for orthodontic treatment need should be reinforced by OHRQoL measures, like the OASIS, expressing patients' perceived treatment need.

Malocclusion, dental aesthetic self-perception and quality of life in a 18 to 21 year-old population: a cross section study

BackgroundAesthetic alterations in the face can be self-perceived and can affect quality of life. For young people, physical attractiveness is an important factor affecting social relationships. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion, identify the most common types and test its association with oral aesthetic self-perception in 18 to 21 year-old population of male young adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out involving 138 Brazilian Army soldiers. Data collection included socio demographic profile, malocclusion status through the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and oral aesthetic self-perception as indicated by the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS). The chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used to test for homogeneity of proportions. The stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test for the relationship between the poorer oral aesthetic self-perception and parental and soldier’s education, per capita income, history of caries in all teeth and only on anterior teeth, dental trauma, previous orthodontic treatment and malocclusion.ResultsThe prevalence of malocclusion was 45.6%. Incisor teeth crowding and misalignment of lower incisors were the most common types of malocclusions. A statistically significant and independent association between malocclusion and poorer oral aesthetic self-perception in the multivariate analysis was observed. Subjects with severe malocclusion conditions showed 88% higher prevalence [prevalence ratio =1.88 (95% CI, 1.30 – 2.72); p = 0.001] of poorer aesthetic self-perception comparing to those with minor malocclusion.ConclusionsA high prevalence of malocclusion was observed. The young adults presenting severe malocclusion had a higher and independent prevalence of poorer oral aesthetic self-perception.

Orthodontic treatment needs in Caribbean dental clinics

This study was undertaken to determine the normative and perceived orthodontic treatment need of patients in Trinidad, a Caribbean island. The study sample comprised 30 child dental health clinic patients, 30 of their accompanying parents, and 52 adult patients from other University of the West Indies clinics and the Dental Hospital in Mount Hope, Trinidad. Two clinicians used the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) to assess normative need, and the patient's perceived needs were assessed using the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the IOTN and the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS). Fisher's exact test was used to determine the differences between the subgroups of the sample for both normative and perceptive treatment need. Association between normative need and perception assessment measures was tested using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Two-thirds of the sample of 112 subjects were female and each subgroup had a similar gender distribution. The results also indicate that approximately four out of five Trinidadians have a great (or very great) orthodontic treatment need. The perception of orthodontic treatment need differed significantly (P < 0.05) from normative need in this sample and this was seen more clearly when the OASIS was used.