Overweight OR Research Articles

Association of Dairy Product Consumption with Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the LabMed Study

This study aimed to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in Portuguese adolescents, and whether the association differed by weight status. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the school year 2011/2012 with 412 Portuguese adolescents (52.4% girls) in 7th and 10th grade (aged 12 to 18 years old). The World Health Organization cutoffs were used to categorize adolescents as non-overweight (NW) or overweight (OW). Blood samples were collected to analyze C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, and adiponectin. Dairy product intake was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. Participants were divided by tertiles according to the amount of dairy product consumed. The associations between dairy product consumption with metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated using generalized linear regression models with logarithmic link and gamma distribution and adjusted for potential confounders. The majority of adolescents were NW (67.2%). NW adolescents had lower IL-6, CRP, and leptin concentration than their counterparts (p < 0.05, for all comparisons). Higher levels of total dairy product and milk intake were inversely associated with IL-6 (P for trend <0.05, for all) in NW adolescents, but not in OW adolescents. NW adolescents in the second tertile of yogurt consumption had lower level of IL-6 compared to those in the first tertile (p = 0.004). Our results suggest an inverse association between total dairy product and milk intake and serum concentrations of IL-6 only among NW adolescents.

Association of high birth weight with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years: a national, cross-sectional study in China

BackgroundThe prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in China has drastically increased 57 times over the past 30 years, and to control birth weight is an effective way to reduce...

Body Habitus and Risk of Mortality in Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Retrospective Cohort Study

To investigate the association between body habitus and mortality in critically ill children with sepsis or septic shock. This was a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data of children admitted to US pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) with a primary or secondary diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock. We separated body habitus into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. Outcomes were mortality (primary), treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation (secondary), and time to PICU discharge for survivors (secondary). Multivariable analyses using mixed-effects logistic regression and shared frailty models clustered by unit and adjusted for confounding variables were used to assess the association between body habitus and outcomes. There were 7038 children with sepsis or septic shock. Mortality was 10.1% (n=714) and 52.9% (n=3720) required invasive mechanical ventilation. Body habitus was not associated with mortality after controlling for hospital level effects and confounding variables. Children who were overweight and obese had greater odds of invasive mechanical ventilation (overweight OR 1.23 [95% CI 1.05-1.45], P=.011 and obese OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.37-1.80], P<.001) compared with children of normal weight. In survivors treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, children who were obese had a longer time to PICU discharge than children of normal weight (obese hazard ratio for discharge 0.84 [95% CI, 0.77-0.92], P<.0001). There was no association between body habitus and mortality in critically ill children with sepsis. Children who were overweight and obese were more likely to receive invasive mechanical ventilation and mechanically ventilated survivors who were obsese had a longer time to PICU discharge.

Associations Between Dietary Protein Sources, Plasma BCAA and Short-Chain Acylcarnitine Levels in Adults.

Elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and C3 and C5 acylcarnitines (AC) levels observed in individuals with insulin resistance (IR) might be influenced by dietary protein intakes. This study explores the associations between dietary protein sources, plasma BCAA levels and C3 and C5 ACs in normal weight (NW) or overweight (OW) individuals with or without metabolic syndrome (MS). Data from 199 men and women aged 18–55 years with complete metabolite profile were analyzed. Associations between metabolic parameters, protein sources, plasma BCAA and AC levels were tested. OW/MS+ consumed significantly more animal protein (p = 0.0388) and had higher plasma BCAA levels (p < 0.0001) than OW/MS− or NW/MS− individuals. Plasma BCAA levels were not associated with BCAA intakes in the whole cohort, while there was a trend for an association between plasma BCAA levels and red meat or with animal protein in OW/MS+. These associations were of weak magnitude. In NW/MS− individuals, the protein sources associated with BCAA levels varied greatly with adjustment for confounders. Plasma C3 and C5 ACs were associated with plasma BCAA levels in the whole cohort (p < 0.0001) and in subgroups based on OW and MS status. These results suggest a modest association of meat or animal protein intakes and an association of C3 and C5 ACs with plasma BCAA levels, obesity and MS.

Genotype is associated with smoking and other key health behaviors among individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated lung disease.

To examine the association of genotype with smoking and other key health behaviors among individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) associated lung disease. Self-reported data were analyzed from 3506 individuals with AATD-associated lung disease. All data were collected upon enrollment in a disease management program designed for individuals who have been prescribed augmentation therapy. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to examine the extent to which genotype was associated with smoking and other key health behaviors (i.e., getting a pneumonia vaccine, getting a flu vaccine, exercising, and maintaining a healthy weight). We hypothesized that MZs and SZs are more likely than ZZs to be current smokers, and that genotype is associated with additional health behaviors. MZs and SZs had higher odds of being a current smoker than ZZs (MZ versus ZZ OR = 2.73, p < .001; SZ versus ZZ OR = 4.34, p < .001). For every additional health behavior examined, MZs had higher odds of unhealthy behavior than ZZs (ORs ranged from 1.35 to 1.98, p < .05). SZs had higher odds of unhealthy behavior than ZZs with regard to lack of exercise (OR = 1.52, p = .003) and failure to maintain a healthy weight (underweight OR = 1.93, p = .028; overweight OR = 1.43, p = .015). Among individuals who have been prescribed augmentation therapy for lung disease due to AATD, genotype is associated with smoking and additional health behaviors that are central to managing lung disease.

Racial differences in intracerebral haemorrhage outcomes in patients with obesity.

SummaryObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine the role of obesity and race in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) outcomes.MethodsThe Get with the guideline‐Stroke database was queried for all admitted patients with spontaneous ICH. Secondary causes of ICH were excluded. Body mass index (BMI) was classified using the Center for Disease Control guidelines. Race was classified as White or non‐White. Demographics, clinical, imaging data were retrieved. Outcome measures were hematoma expansion at 24 h and discharge disposition.ResultsA total of 428 patients were included in our analysis. Female gender, past history of congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, blood pressure, ICH volume, ICH location, intraventricular haemorrhage and hospital length of stay deferred across BMI categories. On multivariate analysis, along with obese categories, age, ICH location and ICH volume were independent predictors of poor outcomes (hematoma expansion and poor discharge disposition). After adjusting for these variables, obesity remained a predictor of poor disposition outcome compared with normal and overweight subjects; Normal vs. Obese OR 0.26 CI 0.115–0.593 p = 0.0014; Obese vs. Overweight OR 3.79 CI 1.68–8.52 p = 0.0013. Nonetheless, obesity did not influence hematoma expansion. Overall, BMI‐race classification did not influence outcomes. However, among non‐Whites, the obese category had higher odds of a poor disposition outcome than normal (OR 6.84 CI 2.12–22.22 p = 0.0013) or overweight (OR 8.45 CI 2.6–27.49 p = 0.0004) categories.ConclusionAn obesity paradox in ICH was not observed in our cohort. In the non‐White population, patients with obesity were likely to be associated with poor disposition outcome. Similar findings were not observed in White population.

Hypertension and Associated Factors in Rural and Urban Areas Mali: Data from the STEP 2013 Survey.

Background Our study aims to estimate hypertension (HTN) prevalence and its predictors in rural and urban area. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study involving subjects aged 15 to 65 years. Collected data (sociodemographic, blood pressure, weight, height, and blood glucose) were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A logistic regression was conducted to look for factors associated with HTN. Results Mean was 47 years. High blood pressure (HBP) prevalence was 21.1 and 24.7%, respectively, in rural and urban setting. In rural area age group significantly predicted hypertension with age of 60 years having more-than-4-times risk of hypertension, whereas, in urban area age group, sex and body mass index were predictors with OR: HTN raising from 2.06 [1.24–3.43] for 30–44 years old to 7.25 [4.00–13.13] for 60 years and more using <30 years as reference. Female sex was protective with OR of 0.45 [0.29–0.71] and using normal weight as reference OR for overweight was 1.54 [1.04–2.27] and 2.67 [1.64–4.36] for obesity. Conclusion Hypertension prevalence is high and associated factors were age group in rural area and age group, female sex, and body mass index in urban area.

Associations between childhood overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and obesogenic behaviors and practices in Australian homes

BackgroundDespite emerging research about the role of the family and home environment on early childhood obesity, little is known on how weight-related behaviors, parent practices and the home environment influence overweight/obesity in older children and adolescents.MethodsThis analysis used data from a cross-sectional, representative population survey of Australian children age 5–16 years conducted in 2015. Data included measured anthropometry to calculate body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR; waist circumference/height). Information on home-based weight-related behaviors (individual eating and screen time behaviors, parent influences including rules and home environment factors) were measured using established short questions, with parental proxy reporting for children in up to grade 4, and self-report for students in grades 6, 8 and 10. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between weight status and home-based weight-related behaviors.ResultsBoth children and adolescents who did not consume breakfast daily were more likely to be overweight/obese OR (95% CI) = 1.39 (1.07–1.81) p = 0.015, OR (95% CI) =1.42 (1.16–1.74) p = 0.001, respectively, adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status, rural/urban residence and physical activity. There was also a significant positive association with higher waist-to-height ratio in both children and adolescents. Among children, having a TV in the bedroom was also associated with overweight and obesity OR (95% CI) = 1.54 (1.13–2.09) p = 0.006 and higher waist-to-height ratio. For adolescents, parenting practices such as having no rules on screen-time, OR (95% CI) = 1.29 (1.07–1.55) p = 0.008, and rewarding good behavior with sweets, OR (95% CI) = 2.18 (1.05–4.52) p = 0.036, were significant factors associated with overweight and obesity. The prevalence of these obesogenic behaviors were higher in certain sub-groups of children and adolescents, specifically those from social disadvantage and non-English-speaking backgrounds.ConclusionsInterventions to reduce the prevalence of obesity and overweight should include promoting daily breakfast, reducing screen-time, and encouraging health-promoting parenting practices. Interventions should particularly focus on those at some social disadvantage and from non-English-speaking backgrounds.

A Narrative Review of Obesity and Its Associated Complications in Iranian Women

Context: Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. This review aimed at providing an updated overview of obesity in Iranian women and its associated complications. Evidence Acquisition: In this narrative review study, related systematic reviews or meta-analysis studies of high ranking journals conducted from 2000 to 2016 were searched in the PubMed, Medline, and Scopus with the following keywords: “women OR female” AND “weight OR overweight OR obesity”, “risk factors OR complications”, “reproduction OR cancer OR cardiovascular disease OR diabetes OR gestational diabetes OR maternal obesity OR fertility OR pregnancy OR polycystic ovary syndrome” OR management. Results: In Iran, women have shown a constantly higher risk of obesity compared to men. After a 9- year follow-up, the age-standardized incidence rate (95% CI) of diabetes was 10.1 (7.24 - 13.9) in women. The increases in overweight and obesity in menopausal women have an important role in endometrial, colon, and breast cancer. Obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer 2.4 to 4.5 folds compared to the normal weight women. Maternal obesity increases the risk of gestational hypertension 4.5 to 8.7 times compared to normal weight women. An increasing number of obese women becoming pregnant is associated with short- and long-term maternal and child outcomes. The prevalence of childhood obesity in children of obese women aged 3 to 5 years increases up to 25%; and these children have an almost 6- fold chance of being obese in young adulthood. Weight reduction of obese women is accompanied with lower incidence of obesity complications. The most effective interventions are multiple behavioral management activities. Conclusions: Considering the large population of young people in Iran and the lack of any effective preventive policy, the burden of obesity and its associated outcomes will be problematic in the near future.

Measures for promoting interventions of community health workers for overweight or obese adults and its effect evaluation

Objective To generalize and summarize the interventions of community health workers for overweight or obese adults and its effect evaluation, so as to provide references for advancing the work of adult weight management. Methods Literatures published in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Elsevier, VIP, Wanfang data from 1996 to March 2016 were retrieved. The retrieval formula was (facilitate OR promote OR improve OR influence OR intervene) AND (nurses OR physicians OR doctors OR health professionals OR medical staff) AND (obesity OR overweight OR weight OR body) . Results A total of 13 papers were included involving 11 original researches and 2 systematic reviews. Those papers prompted that the process of weight management carried out by medical staff could be intervened from the level of doctors (training, setting up cues) , patients (perfecting and handing out health education material) , organization (multi-department cooperation, enhancing supervision) to improve the level and behavior of weight management carried out by medical staff. The indicators of effect evaluation included medical staff indicators (knowledge, skills, behaviors, attitudes and beliefs of weight management) and patient indicators (clinical indexes, health behaviors, attitudes, beliefs) . Conclusions The adult weight management can be enhanced by multi-level intervention. At the same time, the intervention effect can be reflected comprehensively by synthesizing evaluation indicators in many aspects. Key words: Medical staff; Body weight; Overweight; Obesity

Systematic Review of Child Obesity Prevention and Treatment Trials Addressing Parenting

A systematic review was conducted to determine whether child obesity/overweight treatment and prevention trials that address parenting result in significant changes or differences in child BMIz, BMI percentile, weight status, or related outcomes. On May 14, 2015 Pubmed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched with the following search strategy “parenting OR parent OR mother OR father AND intervention OR RCT OR trial AND parenting style OR feeding style OR responsive feeding OR restrictive feeding AND child obesity OR child overweight OR child weight status OR child waist circumference OR child BMI OR child BMI percentile OR child BMI% or child BMI z OR child BMI centile OR child BMIZ or child BMI‐z,” yielding 244 unique articles. Abstract and title screening (α = .90) excluded all protocols as well as completed studies restricted to adolescents. Full text review resulted in 16 studies that included some aspect of parenting in the trial and also provided weight outcomes for children. Study sample was obese and/or overweight children in 12 studies; the remaining four included children from the full range of weight statuses. Ten of 16 studies reported a significant effect of intervention on child BMIz, BMI percentile, or other weight outcome. All 10 studies with significant effects were focused on intervention and treatment of obese/overweight children rather than on obesity prevention. Only two of the 10 were focused solely on children ages 5 and under. Results suggest obesity intervention trials that address parenting styles and similar constructs have been successful, particularly for older children. Additional efforts to increase the success of interventions for the toddler and preschool periods are needed.Support or Funding InformationUSDA/NIFA Hatch/Multistate and Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station OKLO2849; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station OKLO2868

Characterization of anthropometric assessment studies of Brazilian children attending daycare centers

ObjectiveTo obtain an overview of available information on the anthropometric assessment of Brazilian children attending daycare centers. Data sourceA literature search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases of studies published from 1990 to 2013 in Portuguese and English languages. The following search strategy was used: (nutritional status OR anthropometrics OR malnutrition OR overweight) AND daycare centers, as well as the equivalent terms in Portuguese. In the case of MEDLINE search, the descriptor Brazil was also used. Data synthesisIt was verified that the 33 studies included in the review were comparable from a methodological point of view. The studies, in general, were characterized by their restrictive nature, geographical concentration and dispersion of results in relation to time. Considering the studies published from 2010 onwards, low prevalence of acute malnutrition and significant rates of stunting and overweight were observed. ConclusionsDespite the limitations, considering the most recent studies that used the WHO growth curves (2006), it is suggested that the anthropometric profile of Brazilian children attending daycare centers is characterized by a nutritional transition process, with significant prevalence of overweight and short stature. We emphasize the need to develop a multicenter survey that will more accurately define the current anthropometric nutritional status of Brazilian children attending daycare centers.

Association of Dietary Sugars and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake with Obesity in Korean Children and Adolescents.

Few studies have examined the association between dietary sugar intake and obesity in Asian children and adolescents. We evaluated the association of dietary sugar intake and its food source with obesity in Korean children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional analysis, data were obtained from five studies conducted between 2002 and 2011. The study included 2599 children and adolescents who had completed more than three days of dietary records and had anthropometric data. Total sugar intake was higher in girls than in boys (54.3 g for girls and 46.6 g for boys, p < 0.0001). Sugar intake from milk and fruits was inversely associated with overweight or obesity in girls only (OR for overweight, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32–0.84; p for trend = 0.0246 and OR for obesity, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.79; p for trend = 0.0113). Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption was not associated with obesity in girls, while boys had lower odds ratios for obesity (OR for obesity, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.26–1.05; p for trend = 0.0310). These results suggest that total sugars and SSB intake in Asian children and adolescents remains relatively low and sugar intake from milk and fruits is associated with a decreased risk of overweight or obesity, especially in girls.

Caracterização dos estudos de avaliação antropométrica de crianças brasileiras assistidas em creches

ObjectiveTo obatin an overview of available information on the anthropometric assessment of Brazilian children attending daycare centers. Data sourceA literature search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases of studies published from 1990 to 2013 in Portuguese and English languages. The following search strategy was used: (nutritional status OR anthropometrics OR malnutrition OR overweight) AND daycare centers, as well as the equivalent terms in Portuguese. In the case of MEDLINE search, the descriptor Brazil was also used. Data synthesisIt was verified that the 33 studies included in the review were comparable from a methodological point of view. The studies, in general, were characterized by their restrictive nature, geographical concentration and dispersion of results in relation to time. Considering the studies published from 2010 onwards, low prevalence of acute malnutrition and significant rates of stunting and overweight were observed. ConclusionsDespite the limitations, considering the most recent studies that used the WHO growth curves (2006), it is suggested that the anthropometric profile of Brazilian children attending daycare centers is characterized by a nutritional transition process, with significant prevalence of overweight and short stature. We emphasize the need to develop a multicenter survey that will more accurately define the current anthropometric nutritional status of Brazilian children attending daycare centers.

Breastfeeding and Childhood Obesity Among African Americans: A Systematic Review.

Among African Americans, breastfeeding rates are lower and obesity rates higher than other ethnicities in the United States. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the correlation between breastfeeding practices and childhood obesity rates among African Americans in the United States. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched using the key words African Americans OR Blacks, Breastfeeding, Childhood Obesity OR Overweight, and Adolescent Obesity OR Overweight. Twelve articles met inclusion criteria and are discussed. No randomized-controlled trials or meta-analyses were found. All studies were observational only. Eight studies found a protective effect of breastfeeding against childhood obesity among African Americans, whereas four other studies were inconclusive. Only 12 studies met inclusion criteria for this review, and all studies included other ethnicities in addition to African Americans. More evidence is needed to effectively generalize the results to this population. More research is needed on the topic; however, current research does suggest a protective effect of breastfeeding against childhood obesity in this high-risk population. Primary care providers and other healthcare workers need to address breastfeeding benefits and barriers among African American women across the continuum of care.

Association of intake macro and micronutrients with life quality of life in elderly

The relationship between quality of life life quality and nutrients it is taking a special singular importance in this age group. To determine the association between consumption of the macro and micronutrients with quality of life in elderly living in Santiago. 1,704 autonomous elderly were assessed. Quality of life was measured by a Life style and Health promotion survey and food patterns were evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire. The quality of life and food intake were evaluated by the Survey of Life Style and Health Promoter and the Feeding and Food Survey were answered by 1,704 non-disabled participant of both sex. The 63.9% of the elderly were overweight or /obesity. Perform correlations between quality of life and nutrients consumption were; the vitamin A, which was is associated to better stress management (r = 0.166; p = 0.001), responsibility for health (0.171; p = 0.001) and exercise (r = 0.167; p = 0.001); the vitamin B12 was a protective factor to have a better quality of life OR = 0.78 (IC95% 0.67-0.90). On the other hand, the consumption of cola soft drinks OR = 1.92 (IC95% 1.42-2.60), the overweight OR = 1.77 (IC95% 1.02-3.06) and be male OR = 1.62 (IC95% 1.27-2.07) were risk factors for quality of life. The vitamin A and B12 consumption are protective factors for a better quality of life. Conversely, being a male, consumer cola soft drinks and the overweight are risk factors of quality of life in autonomous independent elderly.

Healthcare Utilization by Obese and Overweight Children

To examine the relationship between childhood obesity and health care use in a large, nationally representative group of children with measured anthropometrics. Analysis of 5 combined National Health and Nutrition Survey datasets from 2001 to 2010. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models assessed the relationship between health care use variables and weight status (overweight: body mass index 85th to <95th percentile for age and sex; obese: body mass index ≥95th percentile for age and sex) for children 2-18 years of age. Overweight and obese children are more likely to receive their routine medical care in an emergency department than a primary care setting (overweight OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.22-3.14 and obese OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.24-2.86) than their normal-weight peers. After we adjusted for relevant covariates, this finding persisted among overweight, but not obese, children. Other health care use variables were not significantly associated with weight status. Overweight children may be more likely to use the emergency department than primary care settings for routine medical care. Interventions to establish primary care medical homes for overweight children merit consideration.

Risk of childhood overweight after exposure to tobacco smoking in prenatal and early postnatal life.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between exposure to mothers smoking during prenatal and early postnatal life and risk of overweight at age 7 years, while taking birth weight into account.MethodsFrom the Danish National Birth Cohort a total of 32,747 families were identified with available information on maternal smoking status in child's pre- and postnatal life and child's birth weight, and weight and height at age 7 years. Outcome was overweight according to the International Obesity Task Force gender and age specific body mass index. Smoking exposure was categorized into four groups: no exposure (n = 25,076); exposure only during pregnancy (n = 3,343); exposure only postnatally (n = 140); and exposure during pregnancy and postnatally (n = 4,188). Risk of overweight according to smoking status as well as dose-response relationships were estimated by crude and adjusted odds ratios using logistic regression models.ResultsExposure to smoking only during pregnancy, or both during pregnancy and postnatally were both significantly associated with overweight at 7 years of age (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15–1.48, and OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.58–1.97, respectively). Analyses excluding children with low birth weight (<2,500 gram) revealed similar results. A significant prenatal dose-response relationship was found. Per one additional cigarette smoked per day an increase in risk of overweight was observed (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03). When adjusting for quantity of smoking during pregnancy, prolonged exposure after birth further increased the risk of later overweight in the children (OR 1.28, 95% CI:1.09–1.50) compared with exposure only in the prenatal period.ConclusionsMother's perinatal smoking increased child's OR of overweight at age 7 years irrespective of birth weight, and with higher OR if exposed both during pregnancy and in early postnatal life. Clear dose-response relationships were observed, which emphasizes the need for prevention of any tobacco exposure of infants.

Association between body mass index and perceived weight status with self-rated health and life satisfaction in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study.

Adolescent obesity is a well-known worldwide issue with growing prevalence and complications. The concept of body image and complications of its misperception has been noted more recently. Life satisfaction (LS) and self-rated health (SRH) have also been known as independent morbidity and mortality factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations of perceived weight status (body image) and actual body mass index (BMI), with LS and SRH in a nationally representative sample of a pediatric population in Iran, as a country located in the Middle East and North Africa region. This nationwide population-based survey was conducted among 5,570 (2,784 female and 2,786 male) Iranian students, aged 10-18 years, living in urban and rural areas of 27 provinces, which were selected via multistage sampling method. Agreement between BMI and perceived weight status (underweight, about right and overweight/obesity) was assessed. Adjusted association between BMI and perceived weight status with LS and SRH was assessed using multiple logistic regressions after adjustment for potential confounders. Nearly 40 % of the participants misperceived their body image. Misperception as overweight or underweight was found to be associated with lower odds for both LS and SRH [overweight SRH OR 0.796 (95 % CI 0.647-980), underweight SRH OR 0.701 (95 % CI 0.588-0.835), overweight LS OR 0.884 (95 % CI 0.718-998), underweight LS OR = 0.676 (95 % CI 0.577-0.793)], whereas the association between actual BMI with LS and SRH was not statistically significant (P value > 0.05). A mismatch between BMI and body weight perception was found in this study. Moreover, LS and SRH were not related with BMI, but had negative association with body weight perception.

Home environmental determinants of children's fruit and vegetable consumption across different SES backgrounds

To investigate the association between home environmental determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption with childhood overweight separately for low, medium and high social economic status (SES) families. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2006 among 4072 children aged 4-13 years in the city of Zwolle, the Netherlands. Of these children, data were available on measured height and weight, and from a parental questionnaire, on sociodemographic characteristics and children's fruit and vegetables intake. Associations were studied using logistic regression analyses. Not eating the recommended amounts of vegetables daily was associated with overweight for children with a low SES background (odds ratio [OR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-2.07) and medium SES background (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.20-2.49). Eating < 2 pieces of fruit daily was associated with a lower OR for overweight among children with a high SES background (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50-0.88). Determinants of eating vegetables < 7 d were: permission to take candy without asking, eating at the table < 7 d per week, eating a takeaway meal ≥ 1 d per week, eating a home cooked meal < 6 d per week and cooking together with caregiver less than 5 d per week. Interventions regarding vegetable consumption should be tailored to families with low and medium SES background. The most promising avenues for intervention seem to be (i) to prevent eating takeaway meals on a weekly basis and, (ii) to promote eating a home cooked meal at the table and (iii) to involve children in the cooking process. Interventions should support parents in making these home environmental changes.